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1 | [[qm_cloud_init]] | |
2 | Cloud-Init Support | |
3 | ------------------ | |
4 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
5 | :pve-toplevel: | |
6 | endif::wiki[] | |
7 | ||
8 | https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io[Cloud-Init] is the de facto | |
9 | multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a | |
10 | virtual machine instance. Using Cloud-Init, configuration of network | |
11 | devices and ssh keys on the hypervisor side is possible. When the VM | |
12 | starts for the first time, the Cloud-Init software inside the VM will | |
13 | apply those settings. | |
14 | ||
15 | Many Linux distributions provide ready-to-use Cloud-Init images, mostly | |
16 | designed for 'OpenStack'. These images will also work with {pve}. While | |
17 | it may seem convenient to get such ready-to-use images, we usually | |
18 | recommended to prepare the images by yourself. The advantage is that you | |
19 | will know exactly what you have installed, and this helps you later to | |
20 | easily customize the image for your needs. | |
21 | ||
22 | Once you have created such a Cloud-Init image we recommend to convert it | |
23 | into a VM template. From a VM template you can quickly create linked | |
24 | clones, so this is a fast method to roll out new VM instances. You just | |
25 | need to configure the network (and maybe the ssh keys) before you start | |
26 | the new VM. | |
27 | ||
28 | We recommend using SSH key-based authentication to login to the VMs | |
29 | provisioned by Cloud-Init. It is also possible to set a password, but | |
30 | this is not as safe as using SSH key-based authentication because {pve} | |
31 | needs to store an encrypted version of that password inside the | |
32 | Cloud-Init data. | |
33 | ||
34 | {pve} generates an ISO image to pass the Cloud-Init data to the VM. For | |
35 | that purpose, all Cloud-Init VMs need to have an assigned CD-ROM drive. | |
36 | Usually, a serial console should be added and used as a display. Many Cloud-Init | |
37 | images rely on this, it is a requirement for OpenStack. However, other images | |
38 | might have problems with this configuration. Switch back to the default display | |
39 | configuration if using a serial console doesn't work. | |
40 | ||
41 | ||
42 | Preparing Cloud-Init Templates | |
43 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
44 | ||
45 | The first step is to prepare your VM. Basically you can use any VM. | |
46 | Simply install the Cloud-Init packages inside the VM that you want to | |
47 | prepare. On Debian/Ubuntu based systems this is as simple as: | |
48 | ||
49 | ---- | |
50 | apt-get install cloud-init | |
51 | ---- | |
52 | ||
53 | WARNING: This command is *not* intended to be executed on the {pve} host, but | |
54 | only inside the VM. | |
55 | ||
56 | Already many distributions provide ready-to-use Cloud-Init images (provided | |
57 | as `.qcow2` files), so alternatively you can simply download and | |
58 | import such images. For the following example, we will use the cloud | |
59 | image provided by Ubuntu at https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com. | |
60 | ||
61 | ---- | |
62 | # download the image | |
63 | wget https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64.img | |
64 | ||
65 | # create a new VM | |
66 | qm create 9000 --memory 2048 --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0 | |
67 | ||
68 | # import the downloaded disk to local-lvm storage | |
69 | qm importdisk 9000 bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64.img local-lvm | |
70 | ||
71 | # finally attach the new disk to the VM as scsi drive | |
72 | qm set 9000 --scsihw virtio-scsi-pci --scsi0 local-lvm:vm-9000-disk-1 | |
73 | ---- | |
74 | ||
75 | NOTE: Ubuntu Cloud-Init images require the `virtio-scsi-pci` | |
76 | controller type for SCSI drives. | |
77 | ||
78 | .Add Cloud-Init CD-ROM drive | |
79 | ||
80 | [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-cloudinit-hardware.png"] | |
81 | ||
82 | The next step is to configure a CD-ROM drive, which will be used to pass | |
83 | the Cloud-Init data to the VM. | |
84 | ||
85 | ---- | |
86 | qm set 9000 --ide2 local-lvm:cloudinit | |
87 | ---- | |
88 | ||
89 | To be able to boot directly from the Cloud-Init image, set the | |
90 | `bootdisk` parameter to `scsi0`, and restrict BIOS to boot from disk | |
91 | only. This will speed up booting, because VM BIOS skips the testing for | |
92 | a bootable CD-ROM. | |
93 | ||
94 | ---- | |
95 | qm set 9000 --boot c --bootdisk scsi0 | |
96 | ---- | |
97 | ||
98 | For many Cloud-Init images, it is required to configure a serial console and use | |
99 | it as a display. If the configuration doesn't work for a given image however, | |
100 | switch back to the default display instead. | |
101 | ||
102 | ---- | |
103 | qm set 9000 --serial0 socket --vga serial0 | |
104 | ---- | |
105 | ||
106 | In a last step, it is helpful to convert the VM into a template. From | |
107 | this template you can then quickly create linked clones. | |
108 | The deployment from VM templates is much faster than creating a full | |
109 | clone (copy). | |
110 | ---- | |
111 | qm template 9000 | |
112 | ---- | |
113 | ||
114 | ||
115 | Deploying Cloud-Init Templates | |
116 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
117 | ||
118 | [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-cloudinit-config.png"] | |
119 | ||
120 | You can easily deploy such a template by cloning: | |
121 | ||
122 | ---- | |
123 | qm clone 9000 123 --name ubuntu2 | |
124 | ---- | |
125 | ||
126 | Then configure the SSH public key used for authentication, and configure | |
127 | the IP setup: | |
128 | ||
129 | ---- | |
130 | qm set 123 --sshkey ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | |
131 | qm set 123 --ipconfig0 ip=10.0.10.123/24,gw=10.0.10.1 | |
132 | ---- | |
133 | ||
134 | You can also configure all the Cloud-Init options using a single command | |
135 | only. We have simply split the above example to separate the | |
136 | commands for reducing the line length. Also make sure to adopt the IP | |
137 | setup for your specific environment. | |
138 | ||
139 | ||
140 | Custom Cloud-Init Configuration | |
141 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
142 | ||
143 | The Cloud-Init integration also allows custom config files to be used instead | |
144 | of the automatically generated configs. This is done via the `cicustom` | |
145 | option on the command line: | |
146 | ||
147 | ---- | |
148 | qm set 9000 --cicustom "user=<volume>,network=<volume>,meta=<volume>" | |
149 | ---- | |
150 | ||
151 | The custom config files have to be on a storage that supports snippets and have | |
152 | to be available on all nodes the VM is going to be migrated to. Otherwise the | |
153 | VM won't be able to start. | |
154 | For example: | |
155 | ||
156 | ---- | |
157 | qm set 9000 --cicustom "user=local:snippets/userconfig.yaml" | |
158 | ---- | |
159 | ||
160 | There are three kinds of configs for Cloud-Init. The first one is the `user` | |
161 | config as seen in the example above. The second is the `network` config and | |
162 | the third the `meta` config. They can all be specified together or mixed | |
163 | and matched however needed. | |
164 | The automatically generated config will be used for any that don't have a | |
165 | custom config file specified. | |
166 | ||
167 | The generated config can be dumped to serve as a base for custom configs: | |
168 | ||
169 | ---- | |
170 | qm cloudinit dump 9000 user | |
171 | ---- | |
172 | ||
173 | The same command exists for `network` and `meta`. | |
174 | ||
175 | ||
176 | Cloud-Init specific Options | |
177 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
178 | ||
179 | include::qm-cloud-init-opts.adoc[] | |
180 | ||
181 | ||
182 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
183 | ||
184 | See Also | |
185 | ~~~~~~~~ | |
186 | ||
187 | * link:/wiki/Qemu/KVM_Virtual_Machines[Qemu/KVM Virtual Machines] | |
188 | ||
189 | endif::wiki[] |