notifications: use named templates instead of in-code templates

[pve-manager.git] / PVE / VZDump.pm

package PVE::VZDump;

use strict;
use warnings;

use Clone;
use Fcntl ':flock';
use File::Basename;
use File::Path;
use IO::File;
use IO::Select;
use IPC::Open3;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
use Time::Local;

use PVE::Cluster qw(cfs_read_file);
use PVE::DataCenterConfig;
use PVE::Exception qw(raise_param_exc);
use PVE::HA::Config;
use PVE::HA::Env::PVE2;
use PVE::JSONSchema qw(get_standard_option);
use PVE::Notify;
use PVE::RPCEnvironment;
use PVE::Storage;
use PVE::VZDump::Common;
use PVE::VZDump::Plugin;
use PVE::Tools qw(extract_param split_list);
use PVE::API2Tools;

my @posix_filesystems = qw(ext3 ext4 nfs nfs4 reiserfs xfs);

my $lockfile = '/var/run/vzdump.lock';
my $pidfile = '/var/run/vzdump.pid';
my $logdir = '/var/log/vzdump';

my @plugins = qw();

my $confdesc = PVE::VZDump::Common::get_confdesc();

my $confdesc_for_defaults = Clone::clone($confdesc);
delete $confdesc_for_defaults->{$_}->{requires} for qw(notes-template protected);

# Load available plugins
my @pve_vzdump_classes = qw(PVE::VZDump::QemuServer PVE::VZDump::LXC);
foreach my $plug (@pve_vzdump_classes) {
    my $filename = "/usr/share/perl5/$plug.pm";
    $filename =~ s!::!/!g;
    if (-f $filename) {
	eval { require $filename; };
	if (!$@) {
	    $plug->import ();
	    push @plugins, $plug;
	} else {
	    die $@;
	}
    }
}

sub get_storage_param {
    my ($param) = @_;

    return if $param->{dumpdir};
    return $param->{storage} || 'local';
}

# helper functions

sub debugmsg {
    my ($mtype, $msg, $logfd, $syslog) = @_;

    PVE::VZDump::Plugin::debugmsg(@_);
}

sub run_command {
    my ($logfd, $cmdstr, %param) = @_;

    my $logfunc = sub {
	my $line = shift;
	debugmsg ('info', $line, $logfd);
    };

    PVE::Tools::run_command($cmdstr, %param, logfunc => $logfunc);
}

my $verify_notes_template = sub {
    my ($template) = @_;

    die "contains a line feed\n" if $template =~ /\n/;

    my @problematic = ();
    while ($template =~ /\\(.)/g) {
	my $char = $1;
	push @problematic, "escape sequence '\\$char' at char " . (pos($template) - 2)
	    if $char !~ /^[n\\]$/;
    }

    while ($template =~ /\{\{([^\s{}]+)\}\}/g) {
	my $var = $1;
	push @problematic, "variable '$var' at char " . (pos($template) - length($var))
	    if $var !~ /^(cluster|guestname|node|vmid)$/;
    }

    die "found unknown: " . join(', ', @problematic) . "\n" if scalar(@problematic);
};

my $generate_notes = sub {
    my ($notes_template, $task) = @_;

    $verify_notes_template->($notes_template);

    my $info = {
	cluster => PVE::Cluster::get_clinfo()->{cluster}->{name} // 'standalone node',
	guestname => $task->{hostname} // "VM $task->{vmid}", # is always set for CTs
	node => PVE::INotify::nodename(),
	vmid => $task->{vmid},
    };

    my $unescape = sub {
	my ($char) = @_;
	return '\\' if $char eq '\\';
	return "\n" if $char eq 'n';
	die "unexpected escape character '$char'\n";
    };

    $notes_template =~ s/\\(.)/$unescape->($1)/eg;

    my $vars = join('|', keys $info->%*);
    $notes_template =~ s/\{\{($vars)\}\}/$info->{$1}/g;

    return $notes_template;
};

sub parse_fleecing {
    my ($param) = @_;

    if (defined(my $fleecing = $param->{fleecing})) {
	return $fleecing if ref($fleecing) eq 'HASH'; # already parsed
	$param->{fleecing} = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('backup-fleecing', $fleecing);
    }

    return $param->{fleecing};
}

my sub parse_performance {
    my ($param) = @_;

    if (defined(my $perf = $param->{performance})) {
	return $perf if ref($perf) eq 'HASH'; # already parsed
	$param->{performance} = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('backup-performance', $perf);
    }

    return $param->{performance};
}

my sub merge_performance {
    my ($prefer, $fallback) = @_;

    my $res = {};
    for my $opt (keys PVE::JSONSchema::get_format('backup-performance')->%*) {
	$res->{$opt} = $prefer->{$opt} // $fallback->{$opt}
	    if defined($prefer->{$opt}) || defined($fallback->{$opt});
    }
    return $res;
}

my $parse_prune_backups_maxfiles = sub {
    my ($param, $kind) = @_;

    my $maxfiles = delete $param->{maxfiles};
    my $prune_backups = $param->{'prune-backups'};

    debugmsg('warn', "both 'maxfiles' and 'prune-backups' defined as ${kind} - ignoring 'maxfiles'")
        if defined($maxfiles) && defined($prune_backups);

    if (defined($prune_backups)) {
	return $prune_backups if ref($prune_backups) eq 'HASH'; # already parsed
	$param->{'prune-backups'} = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string(
	    'prune-backups',
	    $prune_backups
	);
    } elsif (defined($maxfiles)) {
	if ($maxfiles) {
	    $param->{'prune-backups'} = { 'keep-last' => $maxfiles };
	} else {
	    $param->{'prune-backups'} = { 'keep-all' => 1 };
	}
    }

    return $param->{'prune-backups'};
};

sub storage_info {
    my $storage = shift;

    my $cfg = PVE::Storage::config();
    my $scfg = PVE::Storage::storage_config($cfg, $storage);
    my $type = $scfg->{type};

    die "can't use storage '$storage' for backups - wrong content type\n"
	if (!$scfg->{content}->{backup});

    my $info = {
	scfg => $scfg,
    };

    $info->{'prune-backups'} = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('prune-backups', $scfg->{'prune-backups'})
	if defined($scfg->{'prune-backups'});

    if ($type eq 'pbs') {
	$info->{pbs} = 1;
    } else {
	$info->{dumpdir} = PVE::Storage::get_backup_dir($cfg, $storage);
    }

    return $info;
}

sub format_size {
    my $size = shift;

    my $kb = $size / 1024;

    if ($kb < 1024) {
	return int ($kb) . "KB";
    }

    my $mb = $size / (1024*1024);
    if ($mb < 1024) {
	return int ($mb) . "MB";
    }
    my $gb = $mb / 1024;
    if ($gb < 1024) {
	return sprintf ("%.2fGB", $gb);
    }
    my $tb = $gb / 1024;
    return sprintf ("%.2fTB", $tb);
}

sub format_time {
    my $seconds = shift;

    my $hours = int ($seconds/3600);
    $seconds = $seconds - $hours*3600;
    my $min = int ($seconds/60);
    $seconds = $seconds - $min*60;

    return sprintf ("%02d:%02d:%02d", $hours, $min, $seconds);
}

sub encode8bit {
    my ($str) = @_;

    $str =~ s/^(.{990})/$1\n/mg; # reduce line length

    return $str;
}

sub escape_html {
    my ($str) = @_;

    $str =~ s/&/&amp;/g;
    $str =~ s/</&lt;/g;
    $str =~ s/>/&gt;/g;

    return $str;
}

sub check_bin {
    my ($bin)  = @_;

    foreach my $p (split (/:/, $ENV{PATH})) {
	my $fn = "$p/$bin";
	if (-x $fn) {
	    return $fn;
	}
    }

    die "unable to find command '$bin'\n";
}

sub check_vmids {
    my (@vmids) = @_;

    my $res = [];
    for my $vmid (sort {$a <=> $b} @vmids) {
	die "ERROR: strange VM ID '${vmid}'\n" if $vmid !~ m/^\d+$/;
	$vmid = int ($vmid); # remove leading zeros
	next if !$vmid;
	push @$res, $vmid;
    }

    return $res;
}


sub read_vzdump_defaults {

    my $fn = "/etc/vzdump.conf";

    my $defaults = {
	map {
	    my $default = $confdesc->{$_}->{default};
	     defined($default) ? ($_ => $default) : ()
	} keys %$confdesc_for_defaults
    };
    my $performance_fmt = PVE::JSONSchema::get_format('backup-performance');
    $defaults->{performance} = {
	map {
	    my $default = $performance_fmt->{$_}->{default};
	    defined($default) ? ($_ => $default) : ()
	} keys $performance_fmt->%*
    };
    my $fleecing_fmt = PVE::JSONSchema::get_format('backup-fleecing');
    $defaults->{fleecing} = {
	map {
	    my $default = $fleecing_fmt->{$_}->{default};
	    defined($default) ? ($_ => $default) : ()
	} keys $fleecing_fmt->%*
    };
    $parse_prune_backups_maxfiles->($defaults, "defaults in VZDump schema");

    my $raw;
    eval { $raw = PVE::Tools::file_get_contents($fn); };
    return $defaults if $@;

    my $conf_schema = { type => 'object', properties => $confdesc_for_defaults };
    my $res = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_config($conf_schema, $fn, $raw);
    if (my $excludes = $res->{'exclude-path'}) {
	if (ref($excludes) eq 'ARRAY') {
	    my $list = [];
	    for my $path ($excludes->@*) {
		# We still use `split_args` here to be compatible with old configs where one line
		# still has multiple space separated entries.
		push $list->@*, PVE::Tools::split_args($path)->@*;
	    }
	    $res->{'exclude-path'} = $list;
	} else {
	    $res->{'exclude-path'} = PVE::Tools::split_args($excludes);
	}
    }
    if (defined($res->{mailto})) {
	my @mailto = split_list($res->{mailto});
	$res->{mailto} = [ @mailto ];
    }
    $parse_prune_backups_maxfiles->($res, "options in '$fn'");
    parse_fleecing($res);
    parse_performance($res);

    for my $key (keys $defaults->%*) {
	if (!defined($res->{$key})) {
	    $res->{$key} = $defaults->{$key};
	} elsif ($key eq 'performance') {
	    $res->{$key} = merge_performance($res->{$key}, $defaults->{$key});
	}
    }

    if (defined($res->{storage}) && defined($res->{dumpdir})) {
	debugmsg('warn', "both 'storage' and 'dumpdir' defined in '$fn' - ignoring 'dumpdir'");
	delete $res->{dumpdir};
    }

    return $res;
}

my sub read_backup_task_logs {
    my ($task_list) = @_;

    my $task_logs = "";

    for my $task (@$task_list) {
	my $vmid = $task->{vmid};
	my $log_file = $task->{tmplog};
	if (!$task->{tmplog}) {
	    $task_logs .= "$vmid: no log available\n\n";
	    next;
	}
	if (open (my $TMP, '<', "$log_file")) {
	    while (my $line = <$TMP>) {
		next if $line =~ /^status: \d+/; # not useful in mails
		$task_logs .= encode8bit ("$vmid: $line");
	    }
	    close ($TMP);
	} else {
	    $task_logs .= "$vmid: Could not open log file\n\n";
	}
	$task_logs .= "\n";
    }

    return $task_logs;
}

my sub build_guest_table {
    my ($task_list) = @_;

    my $table = {
	schema => {
	    columns => [
		{
		    label => "VMID",
		    id  => "vmid"
		},
		{
		    label => "Name",
		    id  => "name"
		},
		{
		    label => "Status",
		    id  => "status"
		},
		{
		    label => "Time",
		    id  => "time",
		    renderer => "duration"
		},
		{
		    label => "Size",
		    id  => "size",
		    renderer => "human-bytes"
		},
		{
		    label => "Filename",
		    id  => "filename"
		},
	    ]
	},
	data => []
    };

    for my $task (@$task_list) {
	my $successful = $task->{state} eq 'ok';
	my $size = $successful ? $task->{size} : 0;
	my $filename = $successful ? $task->{target} : undef;
	push @{$table->{data}}, {
	    "vmid" => int($task->{vmid}),
	    "name" => $task->{hostname},
	    "status" => $task->{state},
	    "time" => int($task->{backuptime}),
	    "size" => int($size),
	    "filename" => $filename,
	};
    }

    return $table;
}

my sub sanitize_task_list {
    my ($task_list) = @_;
    for my $task (@$task_list) {
	chomp $task->{msg} if $task->{msg};
	$task->{backuptime} = 0 if !$task->{backuptime};
	$task->{size} = 0 if !$task->{size};
	$task->{target} = 'unknown' if !$task->{target};
	$task->{hostname} = "VM $task->{vmid}" if !$task->{hostname};

	if ($task->{state} eq 'todo') {
	    $task->{msg} = 'aborted';
	}
    }
}

my sub aggregate_task_statistics {
    my ($tasklist) = @_;

    my $error_count = 0;
    my $total_size = 0;
    for my $task (@$tasklist) {
	$error_count++ if $task->{state} ne 'ok';
	$total_size += $task->{size} if $task->{state} eq 'ok';
    }

    return ($error_count, $total_size);
}

my sub get_hostname {
    my $hostname = `hostname -f` || PVE::INotify::nodename();
    chomp $hostname;
    return $hostname;
}

use constant MAX_LOG_SIZE => 1024*1024;

sub send_notification {
    my ($self, $tasklist, $total_time, $err, $detail_pre, $detail_post) = @_;

    my $opts = $self->{opts};
    my $mailto = $opts->{mailto};
    my $cmdline = $self->{cmdline};
    my $policy = $opts->{mailnotification} // 'always';
    my $mode = $opts->{"notification-mode"} // 'auto';

    sanitize_task_list($tasklist);
    my ($error_count, $total_size) = aggregate_task_statistics($tasklist);

    my $failed = ($error_count || $err);

    my $status_text = $failed ? 'backup failed' : 'backup successful';

    if ($err) {
	if ($err =~ /\n/) {
	    $status_text .= ": multiple problems";
	} else {
	    $status_text .= ": $err";
	    $err = undef;
	}
    }

    my $text_log_part = "$cmdline\n\n";
    $text_log_part .= $detail_pre . "\n" if defined($detail_pre);
    $text_log_part .= read_backup_task_logs($tasklist);
    $text_log_part .= $detail_post if defined($detail_post);

    if (length($text_log_part)  > MAX_LOG_SIZE)
    {
	# Let's limit the maximum length of included logs
	$text_log_part = "Log output was too long to be sent. ".
	    "See Task History for details!\n";
    };

    my $hostname = get_hostname();

    my $notification_props = {
	"hostname" => $hostname,
	"error-message" => $err,
	"guest-table" => build_guest_table($tasklist),
	"logs" => $text_log_part,
	"status-text" => $status_text,
	"total-time" => $total_time,
	"total-size" => $total_size,
    };

    my $fields = {
	# TODO: There is no straight-forward way yet to get the
	# backup job id here... (I think pvescheduler would need
	# to pass that to the vzdump call?)
	type => "vzdump",
	hostname => $hostname,
    };

    my $severity = $failed ? "error" : "info";
    my $email_configured = $mailto && scalar(@$mailto);

    if (($mode eq 'auto' && $email_configured) || $mode eq 'legacy-sendmail') {
	if ($email_configured && ($policy eq "always" || ($policy eq "failure" && $failed))) {
	    # Start out with an empty config. Might still contain
	    # built-ins, so we need to disable/remove them.
	    my $notification_config = Proxmox::RS::Notify->parse_config('', '');

	    # Remove built-in matchers, since we only want to send an
	    # email to the specified recipients and nobody else.
	    for my $matcher (@{$notification_config->get_matchers()}) {
		$notification_config->delete_matcher($matcher->{name});
	    }

	    # <, >, @ are not allowed in endpoint names, but that is only
	    # verified once the config is serialized. That means that
	    # we can rely on that fact that no other endpoint with this name exists.
	    my $endpoint_name = "<" . join(",", @$mailto) . ">";
	    $notification_config->add_sendmail_endpoint(
		$endpoint_name,
		$mailto,
		undef,
		undef,
		"vzdump backup tool"
	    );

	    my $endpoints = [$endpoint_name];

	    # Add a matcher that matches all notifications, set our
	    # newly created target as a target.
	    $notification_config->add_matcher(
		"<matcher-$endpoint_name>",
		$endpoints,
	    );

	    PVE::Notify::notify(
		$severity,
		"vzdump",
		$notification_props,
		$fields,
		$notification_config
	    );
	}
    } else {
	# We use the 'new' system, or we are set to 'auto' and
	# no email addresses were configured.
	PVE::Notify::notify(
	    $severity,
	    "vzdump",
	    $notification_props,
	    $fields,
	);
    }
};

sub new {
    my ($class, $cmdline, $opts, $skiplist) = @_;

    mkpath $logdir;

    check_bin ('cp');
    check_bin ('df');
    check_bin ('sendmail');
    check_bin ('rsync');
    check_bin ('tar');
    check_bin ('mount');
    check_bin ('umount');
    check_bin ('cstream');
    check_bin ('ionice');

    if ($opts->{mode} && $opts->{mode} eq 'snapshot') {
	check_bin ('lvcreate');
	check_bin ('lvs');
	check_bin ('lvremove');
    }

    my $defaults = read_vzdump_defaults();

    foreach my $k (keys %$defaults) {
	next if $k eq 'exclude-path' || $k eq 'prune-backups'; # dealt with separately
	if ($k eq 'dumpdir' || $k eq 'storage') {
	    $opts->{$k} = $defaults->{$k} if !defined ($opts->{dumpdir}) &&
		!defined ($opts->{storage});
	} elsif (!defined($opts->{$k})) {
	    $opts->{$k} = $defaults->{$k};
	} elsif ($k eq 'performance') {
	    $opts->{$k} = merge_performance($opts->{$k}, $defaults->{$k});
	}
    }

    $opts->{dumpdir} =~ s|/+$|| if ($opts->{dumpdir});
    $opts->{tmpdir} =~ s|/+$|| if ($opts->{tmpdir});

    $skiplist = [] if !$skiplist;
    my $self = bless {
	cmdline => $cmdline,
	opts => $opts,
	skiplist => $skiplist,
    }, $class;

    my $findexcl = $self->{findexcl} = [];
    if ($defaults->{'exclude-path'}) {
	push @$findexcl, @{$defaults->{'exclude-path'}};
    }

    if ($opts->{'exclude-path'}) {
	push @$findexcl, @{$opts->{'exclude-path'}};
    }

    if ($opts->{stdexcludes}) {
	push @$findexcl,
	    '/tmp/?*',
	    '/var/tmp/?*',
	    '/var/run/?*.pid',
	    ;
    }

    foreach my $p (@plugins) {
	my $pd = $p->new($self);

	push @{$self->{plugins}}, $pd;
    }

    if (defined($opts->{storage}) && $opts->{stdout}) {
	die "cannot use options 'storage' and 'stdout' at the same time\n";
    } elsif (defined($opts->{storage}) && defined($opts->{dumpdir})) {
	die "cannot use options 'storage' and 'dumpdir' at the same time\n";
    }

    if (my $storage = get_storage_param($opts)) {
	$opts->{storage} = $storage;
    }

    # Enforced by the API too, but these options might come in via defaults. Drop them if necessary.
    if (!$opts->{storage}) {
	delete $opts->{$_} for qw(notes-template protected);
    }

    my $errors = '';
    my $add_error = sub {
	my ($error) = @_;
	$errors .= "\n" if $errors;
	chomp($error);
	$errors .= $error;
    };

    eval {
	$self->{job_init_log} = '';
	open my $job_init_fd, '>', \$self->{job_init_log};
	$self->run_hook_script('job-init', undef, $job_init_fd);
	close $job_init_fd;

	PVE::Cluster::cfs_update(); # Pick up possible changes made by the hook script.
    };
    $add_error->($@) if $@;

    if ($opts->{storage}) {
	my $storage_cfg = PVE::Storage::config();
	eval { PVE::Storage::activate_storage($storage_cfg, $opts->{storage}) };
	$add_error->("could not activate storage '$opts->{storage}': $@") if $@;

	my $info = eval { storage_info ($opts->{storage}) };
	if (my $err = $@) {
	    $add_error->("could not get storage information for '$opts->{storage}': $err");
	} else {
	    $opts->{dumpdir} = $info->{dumpdir};
	    $opts->{scfg} = $info->{scfg};
	    $opts->{pbs} = $info->{pbs};
	    $opts->{'prune-backups'} //= $info->{'prune-backups'};
	}
    } elsif ($opts->{dumpdir}) {
	$add_error->("dumpdir '$opts->{dumpdir}' does not exist")
	    if ! -d $opts->{dumpdir};
    } else {
	die "internal error";
    }

    $opts->{'prune-backups'} //= $defaults->{'prune-backups'};

    # avoid triggering any remove code path if keep-all is set
    $opts->{remove} = 0 if $opts->{'prune-backups'}->{'keep-all'};

    if ($opts->{tmpdir} && ! -d $opts->{tmpdir}) {
	$add_error->("tmpdir '$opts->{tmpdir}' does not exist");
    }

    if ($errors) {
	eval { $self->send_notification([], 0, $errors); };
	debugmsg ('err', $@) if $@;
	die "$errors\n";
    }

    return $self;
}

sub get_mount_info {
    my ($dir) = @_;

    # Note: df 'available' can be negative, and percentage set to '-'

    my $cmd = [ 'df', '-P', '-T', '-B', '1', $dir];

    my $res;

    my $parser = sub {
	my $line = shift;
	if (my ($fsid, $fstype, undef, $mp) = $line =~
	    m!(\S+.*)\s+(\S+)\s+\d+\s+\-?\d+\s+\d+\s+(\d+%|-)\s+(/.*)$!) {
	    $res = {
		device => $fsid,
		fstype => $fstype,
		mountpoint => $mp,
	    };
	}
    };

    eval { PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd, errfunc => sub {}, outfunc => $parser); };
    warn $@ if $@;

    return $res;
}

sub getlock {
    my ($self, $upid) = @_;

    my $fh;

    my $maxwait = $self->{opts}->{lockwait} || $self->{lockwait};

    die "missing UPID" if !$upid; # should not happen

    my $SERVER_FLCK;
    if (!open ($SERVER_FLCK, '>>', "$lockfile")) {
	debugmsg ('err', "can't open lock on file '$lockfile' - $!", undef, 1);
	die "can't open lock on file '$lockfile' - $!";
    }

    if (!flock ($SERVER_FLCK, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB)) {
	if (!$maxwait) {
	    debugmsg ('err', "can't acquire lock '$lockfile' (wait = 0)", undef, 1);
	    die "can't acquire lock '$lockfile' (wait = 0)";
	}

	debugmsg('info', "trying to get global lock - waiting...", undef, 1);
	eval {
	    alarm ($maxwait * 60);

	    local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { alarm (0); die "got timeout\n"; };

	    if (!flock ($SERVER_FLCK, LOCK_EX)) {
		my $err = $!;
		close ($SERVER_FLCK);
		alarm (0);
		die "$err\n";
	    }
	    alarm (0);
	};
	alarm (0);

	my $err = $@;

	if ($err) {
	    debugmsg ('err', "can't acquire lock '$lockfile' - $err", undef, 1);
	    die "can't acquire lock '$lockfile' - $err";
	}

	debugmsg('info', "got global lock", undef, 1);
    }

    PVE::Tools::file_set_contents($pidfile, $upid);

    return $SERVER_FLCK;
}

sub run_hook_script {
    my ($self, $phase, $task, $logfd) = @_;

    my $opts = $self->{opts};

    my $script = $opts->{script};
    return if !$script;

    die "Error: The hook script '$script' does not exist.\n" if ! -f $script;
    die "Error: The hook script '$script' is not executable.\n" if ! -x $script;

    my $cmd = [$script, $phase];

    if ($task) {
	push @$cmd, $task->{mode};
	push @$cmd, $task->{vmid};
    }

    local %ENV;
    # set immutable opts directly (so they are available in all phases)
    $ENV{STOREID} = $opts->{storage} if $opts->{storage};
    $ENV{DUMPDIR} = $opts->{dumpdir} if $opts->{dumpdir};

    foreach my $ek (qw(vmtype hostname target logfile)) {
	$ENV{uc($ek)} = $task->{$ek} if $task->{$ek};
    }

    run_command ($logfd, $cmd);
}

sub compressor_info {
    my ($opts) = @_;
    my $opt_compress = $opts->{compress};

    if (!$opt_compress || $opt_compress eq '0') {
	return undef;
    } elsif ($opt_compress eq '1' || $opt_compress eq 'lzo') {
	return ('lzop', 'lzo');
    } elsif ($opt_compress eq 'gzip') {
	if ($opts->{pigz} > 0) {
	    my $pigz_threads = $opts->{pigz};
	    if ($pigz_threads == 1) {
		my $cpuinfo = PVE::ProcFSTools::read_cpuinfo();
		$pigz_threads = int(($cpuinfo->{cpus} + 1)/2);
	    }
	    return ("pigz -p ${pigz_threads} --rsyncable", 'gz');
	} else {
	    return ('gzip --rsyncable', 'gz');
	}
    } elsif ($opt_compress eq 'zstd') {
	my $zstd_threads = $opts->{zstd} // 1;
	if ($zstd_threads == 0) {
	    my $cpuinfo = PVE::ProcFSTools::read_cpuinfo();
	    $zstd_threads = int(($cpuinfo->{cpus} + 1)/2);
	}
	return ("zstd --threads=${zstd_threads}", 'zst');
    } else {
	die "internal error - unknown compression option '$opt_compress'";
    }
}

sub get_backup_file_list {
    my ($dir, $bkname) = @_;

    my $bklist = [];
    foreach my $fn (<$dir/${bkname}-*>) {
	my $archive_info = eval { PVE::Storage::archive_info($fn) } // {};
	if ($archive_info->{is_std_name}) {
	    my $path = "$dir/$archive_info->{filename}";
	    my $backup = {
		'path' => $path,
		'ctime' => $archive_info->{ctime},
	    };
	    $backup->{mark} = "protected"
		if -e PVE::Storage::protection_file_path($path);
	    push @{$bklist}, $backup;
	}
    }

    return $bklist;
}

sub exec_backup_task {
    my ($self, $task) = @_;

    my $opts = $self->{opts};

    my $cfg = PVE::Storage::config();
    my $vmid = $task->{vmid};
    my $plugin = $task->{plugin};

    $task->{backup_time} = time();

    my $pbs_group_name;
    my $pbs_snapshot_name;

    my $vmstarttime = time ();

    my $logfd;

    my $cleanup = {};

    my $log_vm_online_again = sub {
	return if !defined($task->{vmstoptime});
	$task->{vmconttime} //= time();
	my $delay = $task->{vmconttime} - $task->{vmstoptime};
	$delay = '<1' if $delay < 1;
	debugmsg ('info', "guest is online again after $delay seconds", $logfd);
    };

    eval {
	die "unable to find VM '$vmid'\n" if !$plugin;

	my $vmtype = $plugin->type();

	if ($self->{opts}->{pbs}) {
	    if ($vmtype eq 'lxc') {
		$pbs_group_name = "ct/$vmid";
	    } elsif  ($vmtype eq 'qemu') {
		$pbs_group_name = "vm/$vmid";
	    } else {
		die "pbs backup not implemented for plugin type '$vmtype'\n";
	    }
	    my $btime = strftime("%FT%TZ", gmtime($task->{backup_time}));
	    $pbs_snapshot_name = "$pbs_group_name/$btime";
	}

	# for now we deny backups of a running ha managed service in *stop* mode
	# as it interferes with the HA stack (started services should not stop).
	if ($opts->{mode} eq 'stop' &&
	    PVE::HA::Config::vm_is_ha_managed($vmid, 'started'))
	{
	    die "Cannot execute a backup with stop mode on a HA managed and".
		" enabled Service. Use snapshot mode or disable the Service.\n";
	}

	my $tmplog = "$logdir/$vmtype-$vmid.log";

	my $bkname = "vzdump-$vmtype-$vmid";
	my $basename = $bkname . strftime("-%Y_%m_%d-%H_%M_%S", localtime($task->{backup_time}));

	my $prune_options = $opts->{'prune-backups'};

	my $backup_limit = 0;
	if (!$prune_options->{'keep-all'}) {
	    foreach my $keep (values %{$prune_options}) {
		$backup_limit += $keep;
	    }
	}

	if (($backup_limit && !$opts->{remove}) || $opts->{protected}) {
	    my $count;
	    my $protected_count;
	    if (my $storeid = $opts->{storage}) {
		my @backups = grep {
		    !$_->{subtype} || $_->{subtype} eq $vmtype
		} PVE::Storage::volume_list($cfg, $storeid, $vmid, 'backup')->@*;

		$count = grep { !$_->{protected} } @backups;
		$protected_count = scalar(@backups) - $count;
	    } else {
		$count = grep { !$_->{mark} || $_->{mark} ne "protected" } get_backup_file_list($opts->{dumpdir}, $bkname)->@*;
	    }

	    if ($opts->{protected}) {
		my $max_protected = PVE::Storage::get_max_protected_backups(
		    $opts->{scfg},
		    $opts->{storage},
		);
		if ($max_protected > -1 && $protected_count >= $max_protected) {
		    die "The number of protected backups per guest is limited to $max_protected ".
			"on storage '$opts->{storage}'\n";
		}
	    } elsif ($count >= $backup_limit) {
		die "There is a max backup limit of $backup_limit enforced by the target storage ".
		    "or the vzdump parameters. Either increase the limit or delete old backups.\n";
	    }
	}

	if (!$self->{opts}->{pbs}) {
	    $task->{logfile} = "$opts->{dumpdir}/$basename.log";
	}

	my $ext = $vmtype eq 'qemu' ? '.vma' : '.tar';
	my ($comp, $comp_ext) = compressor_info($opts);
	if ($comp && $comp_ext) {
	    $ext .= ".${comp_ext}";
	}

	if ($self->{opts}->{pbs}) {
	    die "unable to pipe backup to stdout\n" if $opts->{stdout};
	    $task->{target} = $pbs_snapshot_name;
	} else {
	    if ($opts->{stdout}) {
		$task->{target} = '-';
	    } else {
		$task->{target} = $task->{tmptar} = "$opts->{dumpdir}/$basename$ext";
		$task->{tmptar} =~ s/\.[^\.]+$/\.dat/;
		unlink $task->{tmptar};
	    }
	}

	$task->{vmtype} = $vmtype;

	my $pid = $$;
	if ($opts->{tmpdir}) {
	    $task->{tmpdir} = "$opts->{tmpdir}/vzdumptmp${pid}_$vmid/";
	} elsif ($self->{opts}->{pbs}) {
	    $task->{tmpdir} = "/var/tmp/vzdumptmp${pid}_$vmid";
	} else {
	    # dumpdir is posix? then use it as temporary dir
	    my $info = get_mount_info($opts->{dumpdir});
	    if ($vmtype eq 'qemu' ||
		grep ($_ eq $info->{fstype}, @posix_filesystems)) {
		$task->{tmpdir} = "$opts->{dumpdir}/$basename.tmp";
	    } else {
		$task->{tmpdir} = "/var/tmp/vzdumptmp${pid}_$vmid";
		debugmsg ('info', "filesystem type on dumpdir is '$info->{fstype}' -" .
			  "using $task->{tmpdir} for temporary files", $logfd);
	    }
	}

	rmtree $task->{tmpdir};
	mkdir $task->{tmpdir};
	-d $task->{tmpdir} ||
	    die "unable to create temporary directory '$task->{tmpdir}'";

	$logfd = IO::File->new (">$tmplog") ||
	    die "unable to create log file '$tmplog'";

	$task->{dumpdir} = $opts->{dumpdir};
	$task->{storeid} = $opts->{storage};
	$task->{scfg} = $opts->{scfg};
	$task->{tmplog} = $tmplog;

	unlink $task->{logfile} if defined($task->{logfile});

	debugmsg ('info', "Starting Backup of VM $vmid ($vmtype)", $logfd, 1);
	debugmsg ('info', "Backup started at " . strftime("%F %H:%M:%S", localtime()));

	$plugin->set_logfd ($logfd);

	# test is VM is running
	my ($running, $status_text) = $plugin->vm_status ($vmid);

	debugmsg ('info', "status = ${status_text}", $logfd);

	# lock VM (prevent config changes)
	$plugin->lock_vm ($vmid);

	$cleanup->{unlock} = 1;

	# prepare

	my $mode = $running ? $task->{mode} : 'stop';

	if ($mode eq 'snapshot') {
	    my %saved_task = %$task;
	    eval { $plugin->prepare ($task, $vmid, $mode); };
	    if (my $err = $@) {
		die $err if $err !~ m/^mode failure/;
		debugmsg ('info',  $err, $logfd);
		debugmsg ('info',  "trying 'suspend' mode instead", $logfd);
		$mode = 'suspend'; # so prepare is called again below
		%$task = %saved_task;
	    }
	}

	$cleanup->{prepared} = 1;

	$task->{mode} = $mode;

   	debugmsg ('info', "backup mode: $mode", $logfd);
	debugmsg ('info', "bandwidth limit: $opts->{bwlimit} KB/s", $logfd)  if $opts->{bwlimit};
	debugmsg ('info', "ionice priority: $opts->{ionice}", $logfd);

	if ($mode eq 'stop') {
	    $plugin->prepare ($task, $vmid, $mode);

	    $self->run_hook_script ('backup-start', $task, $logfd);

	    if ($running) {
		debugmsg ('info', "stopping virtual guest", $logfd);
		$task->{vmstoptime} = time();
		$self->run_hook_script ('pre-stop', $task, $logfd);
		$plugin->stop_vm ($task, $vmid);
		$cleanup->{restart} = 1;
	    }


	} elsif ($mode eq 'suspend') {
	    $plugin->prepare ($task, $vmid, $mode);

	    $self->run_hook_script ('backup-start', $task, $logfd);

	    if ($vmtype eq 'lxc') {
		# pre-suspend rsync
		$plugin->copy_data_phase1($task, $vmid);
	    }

	    debugmsg ('info', "suspending guest", $logfd);
	    $task->{vmstoptime} = time ();
	    $self->run_hook_script ('pre-stop', $task, $logfd);
	    $plugin->suspend_vm ($task, $vmid);
	    $cleanup->{resume} = 1;

	    if ($vmtype eq 'lxc') {
		# post-suspend rsync
		$plugin->copy_data_phase2($task, $vmid);

		debugmsg ('info', "resuming guest", $logfd);
		$cleanup->{resume} = 0;
		$self->run_hook_script('pre-restart', $task, $logfd);
		$plugin->resume_vm($task, $vmid);
		$self->run_hook_script('post-restart', $task, $logfd);
		$log_vm_online_again->();
	    }

	} elsif ($mode eq 'snapshot') {
	    $self->run_hook_script ('backup-start', $task, $logfd);

	    my $snapshot_count = $task->{snapshot_count} || 0;

	    $self->run_hook_script ('pre-stop', $task, $logfd);

	    if ($snapshot_count > 1) {
		debugmsg ('info', "suspend vm to make snapshot", $logfd);
		$task->{vmstoptime} = time ();
		$plugin->suspend_vm ($task, $vmid);
		$cleanup->{resume} = 1;
	    }

	    $plugin->snapshot ($task, $vmid);

	    $self->run_hook_script ('pre-restart', $task, $logfd);

	    if ($snapshot_count > 1) {
		debugmsg ('info', "resume vm", $logfd);
		$cleanup->{resume} = 0;
		$plugin->resume_vm ($task, $vmid);
		$log_vm_online_again->();
	    }

	    $self->run_hook_script ('post-restart', $task, $logfd);

	} else {
	    die "internal error - unknown mode '$mode'\n";
	}

	# assemble archive image
	$plugin->assemble ($task, $vmid);

	# produce archive

	if ($opts->{stdout}) {
	    debugmsg ('info', "sending archive to stdout", $logfd);
	    $plugin->archive($task, $vmid, $task->{tmptar}, $comp);
	    $self->run_hook_script ('backup-end', $task, $logfd);
	    return;
	}

	my $archive_txt = $self->{opts}->{pbs} ? 'Proxmox Backup Server' : 'vzdump';
	debugmsg('info', "creating $archive_txt archive '$task->{target}'", $logfd);
	$plugin->archive($task, $vmid, $task->{tmptar}, $comp);

	if ($self->{opts}->{pbs}) {
	    # size is added to task struct in guest vzdump plugins
	} else {
	    rename ($task->{tmptar}, $task->{target}) ||
		die "unable to rename '$task->{tmptar}' to '$task->{target}'\n";

	    # determine size
	    $task->{size} = (-s $task->{target}) || 0;
	    my $cs = format_size ($task->{size});
	    debugmsg ('info', "archive file size: $cs", $logfd);
	}

	# Mark as protected before pruning.
	if (my $storeid = $opts->{storage}) {
	    my $volname = $opts->{pbs} ? $task->{target} : basename($task->{target});
	    my $volid = "${storeid}:backup/${volname}";

	    if ($opts->{'notes-template'} && $opts->{'notes-template'} ne '') {
		debugmsg('info', "adding notes to backup", $logfd);
		my $notes = eval { $generate_notes->($opts->{'notes-template'}, $task); };
		if (my $err = $@) {
		    debugmsg('warn', "unable to add notes - $err", $logfd);
		} else {
		    eval { PVE::Storage::update_volume_attribute($cfg, $volid, 'notes', $notes) };
		    debugmsg('warn', "unable to add notes - $@", $logfd) if $@;
		}
	    }

	    if ($opts->{protected}) {
		debugmsg('info', "marking backup as protected", $logfd);
		eval { PVE::Storage::update_volume_attribute($cfg, $volid, 'protected', 1) };
		die "unable to set protected flag - $@\n" if $@;
	    }
	}

	if ($opts->{remove}) {
	    my $keepstr = join(', ', map { "$_=$prune_options->{$_}" } sort keys %$prune_options);
	    debugmsg ('info', "prune older backups with retention: $keepstr", $logfd);
	    my $pruned = 0;
	    if (!defined($opts->{storage})) {
		my $bklist = get_backup_file_list($opts->{dumpdir}, $bkname);

		PVE::Storage::prune_mark_backup_group($bklist, $prune_options);

		foreach my $prune_entry (@{$bklist}) {
		    next if $prune_entry->{mark} ne 'remove';
		    $pruned++;
		    my $archive_path = $prune_entry->{path};
		    debugmsg ('info', "delete old backup '$archive_path'", $logfd);
		    PVE::Storage::archive_remove($archive_path);
		}
	    } else {
		my $pruned_list = PVE::Storage::prune_backups(
		    $cfg,
		    $opts->{storage},
		    $prune_options,
		    $vmid,
		    $vmtype,
		    0,
		    sub { debugmsg($_[0], $_[1], $logfd) },
		);
		$pruned = scalar(grep { $_->{mark} eq 'remove' } $pruned_list->@*);
	    }
	    my $log_pruned_extra = $pruned > 0 ? " not covered by keep-retention policy" : "";
	    debugmsg ('info', "pruned $pruned backup(s)${log_pruned_extra}", $logfd);
	}

	$self->run_hook_script ('backup-end', $task, $logfd);
    };
    my $err = $@;

    if ($plugin) {
	# clean-up

	if ($cleanup->{unlock}) {
	    eval { $plugin->unlock_vm ($vmid); };
	    warn $@ if $@;
	}

	if ($cleanup->{prepared}) {
	    # only call cleanup when necessary (when prepare was executed)
	    eval { $plugin->cleanup ($task, $vmid) };
	    warn $@ if $@;
	}

	eval { $plugin->set_logfd (undef); };
	warn $@ if $@;

	if ($cleanup->{resume} || $cleanup->{restart}) {
	    eval {
		$self->run_hook_script ('pre-restart', $task, $logfd);
		if ($cleanup->{resume}) {
		    debugmsg ('info', "resume vm", $logfd);
		    $plugin->resume_vm ($task, $vmid);
		} else {
		    my $running = $plugin->vm_status($vmid);
		    if (!$running) {
			debugmsg ('info', "restarting vm", $logfd);
			$plugin->start_vm ($task, $vmid);
		    }
		}
		$self->run_hook_script ('post-restart', $task, $logfd);
	    };
	    my $err = $@;
	    if ($err) {
		warn $err;
	    } else {
		$log_vm_online_again->();
	    }
	}
    }

    eval { unlink $task->{tmptar} if $task->{tmptar} && -f $task->{tmptar}; };
    warn $@ if $@;

    eval { rmtree $task->{tmpdir} if $task->{tmpdir} && -d $task->{tmpdir}; };
    warn $@ if $@;

    my $delay = $task->{backuptime} = time () - $vmstarttime;

    if ($err) {
	$task->{state} = 'err';
	$task->{msg} = $err;
	debugmsg ('err', "Backup of VM $vmid failed - $err", $logfd, 1);
	debugmsg ('info', "Failed at " . strftime("%F %H:%M:%S", localtime()));

	eval { $self->run_hook_script ('backup-abort', $task, $logfd); };
	debugmsg('warn', $@) if $@; # message already contains command with phase name

    } else {
	$task->{state} = 'ok';
	my $tstr = format_time ($delay);
	debugmsg ('info', "Finished Backup of VM $vmid ($tstr)", $logfd, 1);
	debugmsg ('info', "Backup finished at " . strftime("%F %H:%M:%S", localtime()));
    }

    close ($logfd) if $logfd;

    if ($task->{tmplog}) {
	if ($self->{opts}->{pbs}) {
	    if ($task->{state} eq 'ok') {
		eval {
		    PVE::Storage::PBSPlugin::run_raw_client_cmd(
			$opts->{scfg},
			$opts->{storage},
			'upload-log',
			[ $pbs_snapshot_name, $task->{tmplog} ],
			errmsg => "uploading backup task log failed",
			outfunc => sub {},
		    );
		};
		debugmsg('warn', "$@") if $@; # $@ contains already error prefix
	    }
	} elsif ($task->{logfile}) {
	    system {'cp'} 'cp', $task->{tmplog}, $task->{logfile};
	}
    }

    eval { $self->run_hook_script ('log-end', $task); };
    debugmsg('warn', $@) if $@; # message already contains command with phase name

    die $err if $err && $err =~ m/^interrupted by signal$/;
}

sub exec_backup {
    my ($self, $rpcenv, $authuser) = @_;

    my $opts = $self->{opts};

    debugmsg ('info', "starting new backup job: $self->{cmdline}", undef, 1);

    if (scalar(@{$self->{skiplist}})) {
	my $skip_string = join(', ', sort { $a <=> $b } @{$self->{skiplist}});
	debugmsg ('info', "skip external VMs: $skip_string");
    }

    my $tasklist = [];
    my $vzdump_plugins =  {};
    foreach my $plugin (@{$self->{plugins}}) {
	my $type = $plugin->type();
	next if exists $vzdump_plugins->{$type};
	$vzdump_plugins->{$type} = $plugin;
    }

    my $vmlist = PVE::Cluster::get_vmlist();
    my $vmids = [ sort { $a <=> $b } @{$opts->{vmids}} ];
    foreach my $vmid (@{$vmids}) {
	my $plugin;
	if (defined($vmlist->{ids}->{$vmid})) {
	    my $guest_type = $vmlist->{ids}->{$vmid}->{type};
	    $plugin = $vzdump_plugins->{$guest_type};
	    next if !$rpcenv->check($authuser, "/vms/$vmid", [ 'VM.Backup' ], $opts->{all});
	}
	push @$tasklist, {
	    mode => $opts->{mode},
	    plugin => $plugin,
	    state => 'todo',
	    vmid => $vmid,
	};
    }

    # Use in-memory files for the outer hook logs to pass them to sendmail.
    my $job_start_log = '';
    my $job_end_log = '';
    open my $job_start_fd, '>', \$job_start_log;
    open my $job_end_fd, '>', \$job_end_log;

    my $starttime = time();
    my $errcount = 0;
    eval {

	$self->run_hook_script ('job-start', undef, $job_start_fd);

	foreach my $task (@$tasklist) {
	    $self->exec_backup_task ($task);
	    $errcount += 1 if $task->{state} ne 'ok';
	}

	$self->run_hook_script ('job-end', undef, $job_end_fd);
    };
    my $err = $@;

    if ($err) {
	eval { $self->run_hook_script ('job-abort', undef, $job_end_fd); };
	$err .= $@ if $@;
	debugmsg ('err', "Backup job failed - $err", undef, 1);
    } else {
	if ($errcount) {
	    debugmsg ('info', "Backup job finished with errors", undef, 1);
	} else {
	    debugmsg ('info', "Backup job finished successfully", undef, 1);
	}
    }

    close $job_start_fd;
    close $job_end_fd;

    my $totaltime = time() - $starttime;

    eval {
	# otherwise $self->send_notification() will interpret it as multiple problems
	my $chomped_err = $err;
	chomp($chomped_err) if $chomped_err;

	$self->send_notification(
	    $tasklist,
	    $totaltime,
	    $chomped_err,
	    $self->{job_init_log} . $job_start_log,
	    $job_end_log,
	);
    };
    debugmsg ('err', $@) if $@;

    die $err if $err;

    die "job errors\n" if $errcount;

    unlink $pidfile;
}


sub option_exists {
    my $key = shift;
    return defined($confdesc->{$key});
}

# NOTE it might make sense to merge this and verify_vzdump_parameters(), but one
# needs to adapt command_line() in guest-common's PVE/VZDump/Common.pm and detect
# a second parsing attempt, because verify_vzdump_parameters() is called twice
# during the update_job API call.
sub parse_mailto_exclude_path {
    my ($param) = @_;

    # exclude-path list need to be 0 separated or be an array
    if (defined($param->{'exclude-path'})) {
	my $expaths;
	if (ref($param->{'exclude-path'}) eq 'ARRAY') {
	    $expaths = $param->{'exclude-path'};
	} else {
	    $expaths = [split(/\0/, $param->{'exclude-path'} || '')];
	}
	$param->{'exclude-path'} = $expaths;
    }

    if (defined($param->{mailto})) {
	my @mailto = PVE::Tools::split_list(extract_param($param, 'mailto'));
	$param->{mailto} = [ @mailto ];
    }

    return;
}

sub verify_vzdump_parameters {
    my ($param, $check_missing) = @_;

    raise_param_exc({ all => "option conflicts with option 'vmid'"})
	if $param->{all} && $param->{vmid};

    raise_param_exc({ exclude => "option conflicts with option 'vmid'"})
	if $param->{exclude} && $param->{vmid};

    raise_param_exc({ pool => "option conflicts with option 'vmid'"})
	if $param->{pool} && $param->{vmid};

    raise_param_exc({ 'prune-backups' => "option conflicts with option 'maxfiles'"})
	if defined($param->{'prune-backups'}) && defined($param->{maxfiles});

    $parse_prune_backups_maxfiles->($param, 'CLI parameters');
    parse_fleecing($param);
    parse_performance($param);

    if (my $template = $param->{'notes-template'}) {
	eval { $verify_notes_template->($template); };
	raise_param_exc({'notes-template' => $@}) if $@;
    }

    $param->{all} = 1 if (defined($param->{exclude}) && !$param->{pool});

    return if !$check_missing;

    raise_param_exc({ vmid => "property is missing"})
	if !($param->{all} || $param->{stop} || $param->{pool}) && !$param->{vmid};

}

sub stop_running_backups {
    my($self) = @_;

    my $upid = PVE::Tools::file_read_firstline($pidfile);
    return if !$upid;

    my $task = PVE::Tools::upid_decode($upid);

    if (PVE::ProcFSTools::check_process_running($task->{pid}, $task->{pstart}) &&
	PVE::ProcFSTools::read_proc_starttime($task->{pid}) == $task->{pstart}) {
	kill(15, $task->{pid});
	# wait max 15 seconds to shut down (else, do nothing for now)
	my $i;
	for ($i = 15; $i > 0; $i--) {
	    last if !PVE::ProcFSTools::check_process_running(($task->{pid}, $task->{pstart}));
	    sleep (1);
	}
	die "stopping backup process $task->{pid} failed\n" if $i == 0;
    }
}

sub get_included_guests {
    my ($job) = @_;

    my $vmids = [];
    my $vmids_per_node = {};

    my $vmlist = PVE::Cluster::get_vmlist();

    if ($job->{pool}) {
	$vmids = PVE::API2Tools::get_resource_pool_guest_members($job->{pool});
    } elsif ($job->{vmid}) {
	$vmids = [ split_list($job->{vmid}) ];
    } elsif ($job->{all}) {
	# all or exclude
	my $exclude = check_vmids(split_list($job->{exclude}));
	my $excludehash = { map { $_ => 1 } @$exclude };

	for my $id (keys %{$vmlist->{ids}}) {
	    next if $excludehash->{$id};
	    push @$vmids, $id;
	}
    } else {
	return $vmids_per_node;
    }
    $vmids = check_vmids(@$vmids);

    for my $vmid (@$vmids) {
	if (defined($vmlist->{ids}->{$vmid})) {
	    my $node = $vmlist->{ids}->{$vmid}->{node};
	    next if (defined $job->{node} && $job->{node} ne $node);

	    push @{$vmids_per_node->{$node}}, $vmid;
	} else {
	    push @{$vmids_per_node->{''}}, $vmid;
	}
    }

    return $vmids_per_node;
}

1;