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20 | .\" | |
21 | .\" | |
058ac9ba | 22 | .\" Copyright (c) 2007, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. |
a448a255 | 23 | .\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2018 by Delphix. All rights reserved. |
df831108 | 24 | .\" Copyright (c) 2012 Cyril Plisko. All Rights Reserved. |
bec1067d | 25 | .\" Copyright (c) 2017 Datto Inc. |
eb201f50 | 26 | .\" Copyright (c) 2018 George Melikov. All Rights Reserved. |
d7323e79 | 27 | .\" Copyright 2017 Nexenta Systems, Inc. |
d3f2cd7e | 28 | .\" Copyright (c) 2017 Open-E, Inc. All Rights Reserved. |
9ae529ec | 29 | .\" |
7c9a4292 | 30 | .Dd November 29, 2018 |
cda0317e GM |
31 | .Dt ZPOOL 8 SMM |
32 | .Os Linux | |
33 | .Sh NAME | |
34 | .Nm zpool | |
35 | .Nd configure ZFS storage pools | |
36 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | |
37 | .Nm | |
38 | .Fl ? | |
39 | .Nm | |
40 | .Cm add | |
41 | .Op Fl fgLnP | |
42 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc | |
43 | .Ar pool vdev Ns ... | |
44 | .Nm | |
45 | .Cm attach | |
46 | .Op Fl f | |
47 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc | |
48 | .Ar pool device new_device | |
49 | .Nm | |
d2734cce SD |
50 | .Cm checkpoint |
51 | .Op Fl d, -discard | |
52 | .Ar pool | |
53 | .Nm | |
cda0317e GM |
54 | .Cm clear |
55 | .Ar pool | |
56 | .Op Ar device | |
57 | .Nm | |
58 | .Cm create | |
59 | .Op Fl dfn | |
60 | .Op Fl m Ar mountpoint | |
61 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
62 | .Oo Fl o Ar feature@feature Ns = Ns Ar value Oc | |
63 | .Oo Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
64 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
65 | .Ar pool vdev Ns ... | |
66 | .Nm | |
67 | .Cm destroy | |
68 | .Op Fl f | |
69 | .Ar pool | |
70 | .Nm | |
71 | .Cm detach | |
72 | .Ar pool device | |
73 | .Nm | |
74 | .Cm events | |
88f9c939 | 75 | .Op Fl vHf Oo Ar pool Oc | Fl c |
cda0317e GM |
76 | .Nm |
77 | .Cm export | |
78 | .Op Fl a | |
79 | .Op Fl f | |
80 | .Ar pool Ns ... | |
81 | .Nm | |
82 | .Cm get | |
83 | .Op Fl Hp | |
84 | .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... | |
85 | .Sy all Ns | Ns Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... | |
48b0b649 | 86 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... |
cda0317e GM |
87 | .Nm |
88 | .Cm history | |
89 | .Op Fl il | |
90 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
91 | .Nm | |
92 | .Cm import | |
93 | .Op Fl D | |
522db292 | 94 | .Op Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device |
cda0317e GM |
95 | .Nm |
96 | .Cm import | |
97 | .Fl a | |
b5256303 | 98 | .Op Fl DflmN |
cda0317e | 99 | .Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc |
d2734cce | 100 | .Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint |
522db292 | 101 | .Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device |
cda0317e GM |
102 | .Op Fl o Ar mntopts |
103 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
104 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
105 | .Nm | |
106 | .Cm import | |
b5256303 | 107 | .Op Fl Dflm |
cda0317e | 108 | .Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc |
d2734cce | 109 | .Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint |
522db292 | 110 | .Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device |
cda0317e GM |
111 | .Op Fl o Ar mntopts |
112 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
113 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
114 | .Op Fl s | |
115 | .Ar pool Ns | Ns Ar id | |
116 | .Op Ar newpool Oo Fl t Oc | |
117 | .Nm | |
619f0976 | 118 | .Cm initialize |
a769fb53 | 119 | .Op Fl c | Fl s |
619f0976 GW |
120 | .Ar pool |
121 | .Op Ar device Ns ... | |
122 | .Nm | |
cda0317e GM |
123 | .Cm iostat |
124 | .Op Oo Oo Fl c Ar SCRIPT Oc Oo Fl lq Oc Oc Ns | Ns Fl rw | |
125 | .Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d | |
8fccfa8e | 126 | .Op Fl ghHLnpPvy |
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127 | .Oo Oo Ar pool Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar pool vdev Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar vdev Ns ... Oc Oc |
128 | .Op Ar interval Op Ar count | |
129 | .Nm | |
130 | .Cm labelclear | |
131 | .Op Fl f | |
132 | .Ar device | |
133 | .Nm | |
134 | .Cm list | |
135 | .Op Fl HgLpPv | |
136 | .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... | |
137 | .Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d | |
138 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
139 | .Op Ar interval Op Ar count | |
140 | .Nm | |
141 | .Cm offline | |
142 | .Op Fl f | |
143 | .Op Fl t | |
144 | .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... | |
145 | .Nm | |
146 | .Cm online | |
147 | .Op Fl e | |
148 | .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... | |
149 | .Nm | |
150 | .Cm reguid | |
151 | .Ar pool | |
152 | .Nm | |
153 | .Cm reopen | |
d3f2cd7e | 154 | .Op Fl n |
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155 | .Ar pool |
156 | .Nm | |
157 | .Cm remove | |
a1d477c2 | 158 | .Op Fl np |
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159 | .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... |
160 | .Nm | |
a1d477c2 MA |
161 | .Cm remove |
162 | .Fl s | |
163 | .Ar pool | |
164 | .Nm | |
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165 | .Cm replace |
166 | .Op Fl f | |
167 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc | |
168 | .Ar pool Ar device Op Ar new_device | |
169 | .Nm | |
80a91e74 TC |
170 | .Cm resilver |
171 | .Ar pool Ns ... | |
172 | .Nm | |
cda0317e | 173 | .Cm scrub |
0ea05c64 | 174 | .Op Fl s | Fl p |
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175 | .Ar pool Ns ... |
176 | .Nm | |
177 | .Cm set | |
178 | .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
179 | .Ar pool | |
180 | .Nm | |
181 | .Cm split | |
b5256303 | 182 | .Op Fl gLlnP |
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183 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... |
184 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
185 | .Ar pool newpool | |
186 | .Oo Ar device Oc Ns ... | |
187 | .Nm | |
188 | .Cm status | |
189 | .Oo Fl c Ar SCRIPT Oc | |
a769fb53 | 190 | .Op Fl DigLpPsvx |
cda0317e GM |
191 | .Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d |
192 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
193 | .Op Ar interval Op Ar count | |
194 | .Nm | |
195 | .Cm sync | |
196 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
197 | .Nm | |
198 | .Cm upgrade | |
199 | .Nm | |
200 | .Cm upgrade | |
201 | .Fl v | |
202 | .Nm | |
203 | .Cm upgrade | |
204 | .Op Fl V Ar version | |
205 | .Fl a Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns ... | |
206 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
207 | The | |
208 | .Nm | |
209 | command configures ZFS storage pools. | |
210 | A storage pool is a collection of devices that provides physical storage and | |
211 | data replication for ZFS datasets. | |
212 | All datasets within a storage pool share the same space. | |
213 | See | |
214 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
215 | for information on managing datasets. | |
216 | .Ss Virtual Devices (vdevs) | |
217 | A "virtual device" describes a single device or a collection of devices | |
218 | organized according to certain performance and fault characteristics. | |
219 | The following virtual devices are supported: | |
220 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
221 | .It Sy disk | |
222 | A block device, typically located under | |
223 | .Pa /dev . | |
224 | ZFS can use individual slices or partitions, though the recommended mode of | |
225 | operation is to use whole disks. | |
226 | A disk can be specified by a full path, or it can be a shorthand name | |
227 | .Po the relative portion of the path under | |
228 | .Pa /dev | |
229 | .Pc . | |
230 | A whole disk can be specified by omitting the slice or partition designation. | |
231 | For example, | |
232 | .Pa sda | |
233 | is equivalent to | |
234 | .Pa /dev/sda . | |
235 | When given a whole disk, ZFS automatically labels the disk, if necessary. | |
236 | .It Sy file | |
237 | A regular file. | |
238 | The use of files as a backing store is strongly discouraged. | |
239 | It is designed primarily for experimental purposes, as the fault tolerance of a | |
240 | file is only as good as the file system of which it is a part. | |
241 | A file must be specified by a full path. | |
242 | .It Sy mirror | |
243 | A mirror of two or more devices. | |
244 | Data is replicated in an identical fashion across all components of a mirror. | |
245 | A mirror with N disks of size X can hold X bytes and can withstand (N-1) devices | |
246 | failing before data integrity is compromised. | |
247 | .It Sy raidz , raidz1 , raidz2 , raidz3 | |
248 | A variation on RAID-5 that allows for better distribution of parity and | |
249 | eliminates the RAID-5 | |
250 | .Qq write hole | |
251 | .Pq in which data and parity become inconsistent after a power loss . | |
252 | Data and parity is striped across all disks within a raidz group. | |
253 | .Pp | |
254 | A raidz group can have single-, double-, or triple-parity, meaning that the | |
255 | raidz group can sustain one, two, or three failures, respectively, without | |
256 | losing any data. | |
257 | The | |
258 | .Sy raidz1 | |
259 | vdev type specifies a single-parity raidz group; the | |
260 | .Sy raidz2 | |
261 | vdev type specifies a double-parity raidz group; and the | |
262 | .Sy raidz3 | |
263 | vdev type specifies a triple-parity raidz group. | |
264 | The | |
265 | .Sy raidz | |
266 | vdev type is an alias for | |
267 | .Sy raidz1 . | |
268 | .Pp | |
269 | A raidz group with N disks of size X with P parity disks can hold approximately | |
270 | (N-P)*X bytes and can withstand P device(s) failing before data integrity is | |
271 | compromised. | |
272 | The minimum number of devices in a raidz group is one more than the number of | |
273 | parity disks. | |
274 | The recommended number is between 3 and 9 to help increase performance. | |
275 | .It Sy spare | |
276 | A special pseudo-vdev which keeps track of available hot spares for a pool. | |
277 | For more information, see the | |
278 | .Sx Hot Spares | |
279 | section. | |
280 | .It Sy log | |
281 | A separate intent log device. | |
282 | If more than one log device is specified, then writes are load-balanced between | |
283 | devices. | |
284 | Log devices can be mirrored. | |
285 | However, raidz vdev types are not supported for the intent log. | |
286 | For more information, see the | |
287 | .Sx Intent Log | |
288 | section. | |
cc99f275 DB |
289 | .It Sy dedup |
290 | A device dedicated solely for allocating dedup data. | |
291 | The redundancy of this device should match the redundancy of the other normal | |
292 | devices in the pool. If more than one dedup device is specified, then | |
293 | allocations are load-balanced between devices. | |
294 | .It Sy special | |
295 | A device dedicated solely for allocating various kinds of internal metadata, | |
296 | and optionally small file data. | |
297 | The redundancy of this device should match the redundancy of the other normal | |
298 | devices in the pool. If more than one special device is specified, then | |
299 | allocations are load-balanced between devices. | |
300 | .Pp | |
301 | For more information on special allocations, see the | |
302 | .Sx Special Allocation Class | |
303 | section. | |
cda0317e GM |
304 | .It Sy cache |
305 | A device used to cache storage pool data. | |
306 | A cache device cannot be configured as a mirror or raidz group. | |
307 | For more information, see the | |
308 | .Sx Cache Devices | |
309 | section. | |
310 | .El | |
311 | .Pp | |
312 | Virtual devices cannot be nested, so a mirror or raidz virtual device can only | |
313 | contain files or disks. | |
314 | Mirrors of mirrors | |
315 | .Pq or other combinations | |
316 | are not allowed. | |
317 | .Pp | |
318 | A pool can have any number of virtual devices at the top of the configuration | |
319 | .Po known as | |
320 | .Qq root vdevs | |
321 | .Pc . | |
322 | Data is dynamically distributed across all top-level devices to balance data | |
323 | among devices. | |
324 | As new virtual devices are added, ZFS automatically places data on the newly | |
325 | available devices. | |
326 | .Pp | |
327 | Virtual devices are specified one at a time on the command line, separated by | |
328 | whitespace. | |
329 | The keywords | |
330 | .Sy mirror | |
331 | and | |
332 | .Sy raidz | |
333 | are used to distinguish where a group ends and another begins. | |
334 | For example, the following creates two root vdevs, each a mirror of two disks: | |
335 | .Bd -literal | |
336 | # zpool create mypool mirror sda sdb mirror sdc sdd | |
337 | .Ed | |
338 | .Ss Device Failure and Recovery | |
339 | ZFS supports a rich set of mechanisms for handling device failure and data | |
340 | corruption. | |
341 | All metadata and data is checksummed, and ZFS automatically repairs bad data | |
342 | from a good copy when corruption is detected. | |
343 | .Pp | |
344 | In order to take advantage of these features, a pool must make use of some form | |
345 | of redundancy, using either mirrored or raidz groups. | |
346 | While ZFS supports running in a non-redundant configuration, where each root | |
347 | vdev is simply a disk or file, this is strongly discouraged. | |
348 | A single case of bit corruption can render some or all of your data unavailable. | |
349 | .Pp | |
350 | A pool's health status is described by one of three states: online, degraded, | |
351 | or faulted. | |
352 | An online pool has all devices operating normally. | |
353 | A degraded pool is one in which one or more devices have failed, but the data is | |
354 | still available due to a redundant configuration. | |
355 | A faulted pool has corrupted metadata, or one or more faulted devices, and | |
356 | insufficient replicas to continue functioning. | |
357 | .Pp | |
358 | The health of the top-level vdev, such as mirror or raidz device, is | |
359 | potentially impacted by the state of its associated vdevs, or component | |
360 | devices. | |
361 | A top-level vdev or component device is in one of the following states: | |
362 | .Bl -tag -width "DEGRADED" | |
363 | .It Sy DEGRADED | |
364 | One or more top-level vdevs is in the degraded state because one or more | |
365 | component devices are offline. | |
366 | Sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. | |
367 | .Pp | |
368 | One or more component devices is in the degraded or faulted state, but | |
369 | sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. | |
370 | The underlying conditions are as follows: | |
371 | .Bl -bullet | |
372 | .It | |
373 | The number of checksum errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is | |
374 | degraded as an indication that something may be wrong. | |
375 | ZFS continues to use the device as necessary. | |
376 | .It | |
377 | The number of I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels. | |
378 | The device could not be marked as faulted because there are insufficient | |
379 | replicas to continue functioning. | |
380 | .El | |
381 | .It Sy FAULTED | |
382 | One or more top-level vdevs is in the faulted state because one or more | |
383 | component devices are offline. | |
384 | Insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. | |
385 | .Pp | |
386 | One or more component devices is in the faulted state, and insufficient | |
387 | replicas exist to continue functioning. | |
388 | The underlying conditions are as follows: | |
389 | .Bl -bullet | |
390 | .It | |
6b4e21c6 | 391 | The device could be opened, but the contents did not match expected values. |
cda0317e GM |
392 | .It |
393 | The number of I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is faulted to | |
394 | prevent further use of the device. | |
395 | .El | |
396 | .It Sy OFFLINE | |
397 | The device was explicitly taken offline by the | |
398 | .Nm zpool Cm offline | |
399 | command. | |
400 | .It Sy ONLINE | |
058ac9ba | 401 | The device is online and functioning. |
cda0317e GM |
402 | .It Sy REMOVED |
403 | The device was physically removed while the system was running. | |
404 | Device removal detection is hardware-dependent and may not be supported on all | |
405 | platforms. | |
406 | .It Sy UNAVAIL | |
407 | The device could not be opened. | |
408 | If a pool is imported when a device was unavailable, then the device will be | |
409 | identified by a unique identifier instead of its path since the path was never | |
410 | correct in the first place. | |
411 | .El | |
412 | .Pp | |
413 | If a device is removed and later re-attached to the system, ZFS attempts | |
414 | to put the device online automatically. | |
415 | Device attach detection is hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all | |
416 | platforms. | |
417 | .Ss Hot Spares | |
418 | ZFS allows devices to be associated with pools as | |
419 | .Qq hot spares . | |
420 | These devices are not actively used in the pool, but when an active device | |
421 | fails, it is automatically replaced by a hot spare. | |
422 | To create a pool with hot spares, specify a | |
423 | .Sy spare | |
424 | vdev with any number of devices. | |
425 | For example, | |
426 | .Bd -literal | |
54e5f226 | 427 | # zpool create pool mirror sda sdb spare sdc sdd |
cda0317e GM |
428 | .Ed |
429 | .Pp | |
430 | Spares can be shared across multiple pools, and can be added with the | |
431 | .Nm zpool Cm add | |
432 | command and removed with the | |
433 | .Nm zpool Cm remove | |
434 | command. | |
435 | Once a spare replacement is initiated, a new | |
436 | .Sy spare | |
437 | vdev is created within the configuration that will remain there until the | |
438 | original device is replaced. | |
439 | At this point, the hot spare becomes available again if another device fails. | |
440 | .Pp | |
441 | If a pool has a shared spare that is currently being used, the pool can not be | |
442 | exported since other pools may use this shared spare, which may lead to | |
443 | potential data corruption. | |
444 | .Pp | |
4f3218ae OF |
445 | Shared spares add some risk. If the pools are imported on different hosts, and |
446 | both pools suffer a device failure at the same time, both could attempt to use | |
447 | the spare at the same time. This may not be detected, resulting in data | |
448 | corruption. | |
449 | .Pp | |
7c9abcf8 | 450 | An in-progress spare replacement can be cancelled by detaching the hot spare. |
cda0317e GM |
451 | If the original faulted device is detached, then the hot spare assumes its |
452 | place in the configuration, and is removed from the spare list of all active | |
453 | pools. | |
454 | .Pp | |
058ac9ba | 455 | Spares cannot replace log devices. |
cda0317e GM |
456 | .Ss Intent Log |
457 | The ZFS Intent Log (ZIL) satisfies POSIX requirements for synchronous | |
458 | transactions. | |
459 | For instance, databases often require their transactions to be on stable storage | |
460 | devices when returning from a system call. | |
461 | NFS and other applications can also use | |
462 | .Xr fsync 2 | |
463 | to ensure data stability. | |
464 | By default, the intent log is allocated from blocks within the main pool. | |
465 | However, it might be possible to get better performance using separate intent | |
466 | log devices such as NVRAM or a dedicated disk. | |
467 | For example: | |
468 | .Bd -literal | |
469 | # zpool create pool sda sdb log sdc | |
470 | .Ed | |
471 | .Pp | |
472 | Multiple log devices can also be specified, and they can be mirrored. | |
473 | See the | |
474 | .Sx EXAMPLES | |
475 | section for an example of mirroring multiple log devices. | |
476 | .Pp | |
910f3ce7 PA |
477 | Log devices can be added, replaced, attached, detached and removed. In |
478 | addition, log devices are imported and exported as part of the pool | |
479 | that contains them. | |
a1d477c2 | 480 | Mirrored devices can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror vdev. |
cda0317e GM |
481 | .Ss Cache Devices |
482 | Devices can be added to a storage pool as | |
483 | .Qq cache devices . | |
484 | These devices provide an additional layer of caching between main memory and | |
485 | disk. | |
486 | For read-heavy workloads, where the working set size is much larger than what | |
487 | can be cached in main memory, using cache devices allow much more of this | |
488 | working set to be served from low latency media. | |
489 | Using cache devices provides the greatest performance improvement for random | |
490 | read-workloads of mostly static content. | |
491 | .Pp | |
492 | To create a pool with cache devices, specify a | |
493 | .Sy cache | |
494 | vdev with any number of devices. | |
495 | For example: | |
496 | .Bd -literal | |
497 | # zpool create pool sda sdb cache sdc sdd | |
498 | .Ed | |
499 | .Pp | |
500 | Cache devices cannot be mirrored or part of a raidz configuration. | |
501 | If a read error is encountered on a cache device, that read I/O is reissued to | |
502 | the original storage pool device, which might be part of a mirrored or raidz | |
503 | configuration. | |
504 | .Pp | |
505 | The content of the cache devices is considered volatile, as is the case with | |
506 | other system caches. | |
d2734cce SD |
507 | .Ss Pool checkpoint |
508 | Before starting critical procedures that include destructive actions (e.g | |
509 | .Nm zfs Cm destroy | |
510 | ), an administrator can checkpoint the pool's state and in the case of a | |
511 | mistake or failure, rewind the entire pool back to the checkpoint. | |
512 | Otherwise, the checkpoint can be discarded when the procedure has completed | |
513 | successfully. | |
514 | .Pp | |
515 | A pool checkpoint can be thought of as a pool-wide snapshot and should be used | |
516 | with care as it contains every part of the pool's state, from properties to vdev | |
517 | configuration. | |
518 | Thus, while a pool has a checkpoint certain operations are not allowed. | |
519 | Specifically, vdev removal/attach/detach, mirror splitting, and | |
520 | changing the pool's guid. | |
521 | Adding a new vdev is supported but in the case of a rewind it will have to be | |
522 | added again. | |
523 | Finally, users of this feature should keep in mind that scrubs in a pool that | |
524 | has a checkpoint do not repair checkpointed data. | |
525 | .Pp | |
526 | To create a checkpoint for a pool: | |
527 | .Bd -literal | |
528 | # zpool checkpoint pool | |
529 | .Ed | |
530 | .Pp | |
531 | To later rewind to its checkpointed state, you need to first export it and | |
532 | then rewind it during import: | |
533 | .Bd -literal | |
534 | # zpool export pool | |
535 | # zpool import --rewind-to-checkpoint pool | |
536 | .Ed | |
537 | .Pp | |
538 | To discard the checkpoint from a pool: | |
539 | .Bd -literal | |
540 | # zpool checkpoint -d pool | |
541 | .Ed | |
542 | .Pp | |
543 | Dataset reservations (controlled by the | |
544 | .Nm reservation | |
545 | or | |
546 | .Nm refreservation | |
547 | zfs properties) may be unenforceable while a checkpoint exists, because the | |
548 | checkpoint is allowed to consume the dataset's reservation. | |
549 | Finally, data that is part of the checkpoint but has been freed in the | |
550 | current state of the pool won't be scanned during a scrub. | |
cc99f275 DB |
551 | .Ss Special Allocation Class |
552 | The allocations in the special class are dedicated to specific block types. | |
553 | By default this includes all metadata, the indirect blocks of user data, and | |
554 | any dedup data. The class can also be provisioned to accept a limited | |
555 | percentage of small file data blocks. | |
556 | .Pp | |
557 | A pool must always have at least one general (non-specified) vdev before | |
558 | other devices can be assigned to the special class. If the special class | |
559 | becomes full, then allocations intended for it will spill back into the | |
560 | normal class. | |
561 | .Pp | |
562 | Dedup data can be excluded from the special class by setting the | |
563 | .Sy zfs_ddt_data_is_special | |
564 | zfs module parameter to false (0). | |
565 | .Pp | |
566 | Inclusion of small file blocks in the special class is opt-in. Each dataset | |
567 | can control the size of small file blocks allowed in the special class by | |
568 | setting the | |
569 | .Sy special_small_blocks | |
570 | dataset property. It defaults to zero so you must opt-in by setting it to a | |
571 | non-zero value. See | |
572 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
573 | for more info on setting this property. | |
cda0317e GM |
574 | .Ss Properties |
575 | Each pool has several properties associated with it. | |
576 | Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and | |
577 | change the behavior of the pool. | |
578 | .Pp | |
579 | The following are read-only properties: | |
580 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
6df9f8eb YP |
581 | .It Cm allocated |
582 | Amount of storage used within the pool. | |
cda0317e GM |
583 | .It Sy capacity |
584 | Percentage of pool space used. | |
585 | This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, | |
586 | .Sy cap . | |
587 | .It Sy expandsize | |
9ae529ec | 588 | Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or device that can be used to |
cda0317e GM |
589 | increase the total capacity of the pool. |
590 | Uninitialized space consists of any space on an EFI labeled vdev which has not | |
591 | been brought online | |
592 | .Po e.g, using | |
593 | .Nm zpool Cm online Fl e | |
594 | .Pc . | |
595 | This space occurs when a LUN is dynamically expanded. | |
596 | .It Sy fragmentation | |
f3a7f661 | 597 | The amount of fragmentation in the pool. |
cda0317e | 598 | .It Sy free |
9ae529ec | 599 | The amount of free space available in the pool. |
cda0317e | 600 | .It Sy freeing |
9ae529ec | 601 | After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is |
cda0317e GM |
602 | returned to the pool asynchronously. |
603 | .Sy freeing | |
604 | is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed. | |
605 | Over time | |
606 | .Sy freeing | |
607 | will decrease while | |
608 | .Sy free | |
609 | increases. | |
610 | .It Sy health | |
611 | The current health of the pool. | |
612 | Health can be one of | |
613 | .Sy ONLINE , DEGRADED , FAULTED , OFFLINE, REMOVED , UNAVAIL . | |
614 | .It Sy guid | |
058ac9ba | 615 | A unique identifier for the pool. |
a448a255 SD |
616 | .It Sy load_guid |
617 | A unique identifier for the pool. | |
618 | Unlike the | |
619 | .Sy guid | |
620 | property, this identifier is generated every time we load the pool (e.g. does | |
621 | not persist across imports/exports) and never changes while the pool is loaded | |
622 | (even if a | |
623 | .Sy reguid | |
624 | operation takes place). | |
cda0317e | 625 | .It Sy size |
058ac9ba | 626 | Total size of the storage pool. |
cda0317e GM |
627 | .It Sy unsupported@ Ns Em feature_guid |
628 | Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool. | |
629 | See | |
630 | .Xr zpool-features 5 | |
631 | for details. | |
cda0317e GM |
632 | .El |
633 | .Pp | |
634 | The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the | |
635 | storage pool. | |
636 | The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any | |
637 | contained datasets can actually use. | |
638 | The amount of space used in a raidz configuration depends on the characteristics | |
639 | of the data being written. | |
640 | In addition, ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the | |
641 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
642 | command takes into account, but the | |
643 | .Nm | |
644 | command does not. | |
645 | For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible. | |
646 | For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these | |
647 | discrepancies may become more noticeable. | |
648 | .Pp | |
058ac9ba | 649 | The following property can be set at creation time and import time: |
cda0317e GM |
650 | .Bl -tag -width Ds |
651 | .It Sy altroot | |
652 | Alternate root directory. | |
653 | If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool. | |
654 | This can be used when examining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be | |
655 | trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not | |
656 | valid. | |
657 | .Sy altroot | |
658 | is not a persistent property. | |
659 | It is valid only while the system is up. | |
660 | Setting | |
661 | .Sy altroot | |
662 | defaults to using | |
663 | .Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Sy none , | |
664 | though this may be overridden using an explicit setting. | |
665 | .El | |
666 | .Pp | |
667 | The following property can be set only at import time: | |
668 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
669 | .It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off | |
670 | If set to | |
671 | .Sy on , | |
672 | the pool will be imported in read-only mode. | |
673 | This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, | |
674 | .Sy rdonly . | |
675 | .El | |
676 | .Pp | |
677 | The following properties can be set at creation time and import time, and later | |
678 | changed with the | |
679 | .Nm zpool Cm set | |
680 | command: | |
681 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
682 | .It Sy ashift Ns = Ns Sy ashift | |
683 | Pool sector size exponent, to the power of | |
684 | .Sy 2 | |
685 | (internally referred to as | |
686 | .Sy ashift | |
687 | ). Values from 9 to 16, inclusive, are valid; also, the special | |
688 | value 0 (the default) means to auto-detect using the kernel's block | |
689 | layer and a ZFS internal exception list. I/O operations will be aligned | |
690 | to the specified size boundaries. Additionally, the minimum (disk) | |
691 | write size will be set to the specified size, so this represents a | |
692 | space vs. performance trade-off. For optimal performance, the pool | |
693 | sector size should be greater than or equal to the sector size of the | |
694 | underlying disks. The typical case for setting this property is when | |
695 | performance is important and the underlying disks use 4KiB sectors but | |
696 | report 512B sectors to the OS (for compatibility reasons); in that | |
697 | case, set | |
698 | .Sy ashift=12 | |
699 | (which is 1<<12 = 4096). When set, this property is | |
700 | used as the default hint value in subsequent vdev operations (add, | |
701 | attach and replace). Changing this value will not modify any existing | |
702 | vdev, not even on disk replacement; however it can be used, for | |
703 | instance, to replace a dying 512B sectors disk with a newer 4KiB | |
704 | sectors device: this will probably result in bad performance but at the | |
705 | same time could prevent loss of data. | |
706 | .It Sy autoexpand Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off | |
707 | Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown. | |
708 | If set to | |
709 | .Sy on , | |
710 | the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device. | |
711 | If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices within that | |
712 | mirror/raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to | |
713 | the pool. | |
714 | The default behavior is | |
715 | .Sy off . | |
716 | This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, | |
717 | .Sy expand . | |
718 | .It Sy autoreplace Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off | |
719 | Controls automatic device replacement. | |
720 | If set to | |
721 | .Sy off , | |
722 | device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the | |
723 | .Nm zpool Cm replace | |
724 | command. | |
725 | If set to | |
726 | .Sy on , | |
727 | any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously | |
728 | belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced. | |
729 | The default behavior is | |
730 | .Sy off . | |
731 | This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, | |
732 | .Sy replace . | |
733 | Autoreplace can also be used with virtual disks (like device | |
734 | mapper) provided that you use the /dev/disk/by-vdev paths setup by | |
735 | vdev_id.conf. See the | |
736 | .Xr vdev_id 8 | |
737 | man page for more details. | |
738 | Autoreplace and autoonline require the ZFS Event Daemon be configured and | |
739 | running. See the | |
740 | .Xr zed 8 | |
741 | man page for more details. | |
742 | .It Sy bootfs Ns = Ns Sy (unset) Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns / Ns Ar dataset | |
743 | Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is | |
744 | expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs. | |
745 | Not all Linux distribution boot processes use the bootfs property. | |
746 | .It Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Ar path Ns | Ns Sy none | |
747 | Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached. | |
748 | Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the | |
749 | configuration data that is stored on the root file system. | |
750 | All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots. | |
751 | Some environments, such as install and clustering, need to cache this | |
752 | information in a different location so that pools are not automatically | |
753 | imported. | |
754 | Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a different location that | |
755 | can later be imported with | |
756 | .Nm zpool Cm import Fl c . | |
757 | Setting it to the special value | |
758 | .Sy none | |
759 | creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the special value | |
760 | ||
761 | .Pq empty string | |
762 | uses the default location. | |
763 | .Pp | |
764 | Multiple pools can share the same cache file. | |
765 | Because the kernel destroys and recreates this file when pools are added and | |
766 | removed, care should be taken when attempting to access this file. | |
767 | When the last pool using a | |
768 | .Sy cachefile | |
bbf1ad67 | 769 | is exported or destroyed, the file will be empty. |
cda0317e GM |
770 | .It Sy comment Ns = Ns Ar text |
771 | A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored | |
772 | such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. | |
773 | An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this | |
774 | property. | |
775 | .It Sy dedupditto Ns = Ns Ar number | |
776 | Threshold for the number of block ditto copies. | |
777 | If the reference count for a deduplicated block increases above this number, a | |
778 | new ditto copy of this block is automatically stored. | |
779 | The default setting is | |
780 | .Sy 0 | |
781 | which causes no ditto copies to be created for deduplicated blocks. | |
782 | The minimum legal nonzero setting is | |
783 | .Sy 100 . | |
784 | .It Sy delegation Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off | |
785 | Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset | |
786 | permissions defined on the dataset. | |
787 | See | |
788 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
789 | for more information on ZFS delegated administration. | |
790 | .It Sy failmode Ns = Ns Sy wait Ns | Ns Sy continue Ns | Ns Sy panic | |
791 | Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure. | |
792 | This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying | |
793 | storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool. | |
794 | The behavior of such an event is determined as follows: | |
795 | .Bl -tag -width "continue" | |
796 | .It Sy wait | |
797 | Blocks all I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors | |
798 | are cleared. | |
799 | This is the default behavior. | |
800 | .It Sy continue | |
801 | Returns | |
802 | .Er EIO | |
803 | to any new write I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy | |
804 | devices. | |
805 | Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked. | |
806 | .It Sy panic | |
058ac9ba | 807 | Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump. |
cda0317e GM |
808 | .El |
809 | .It Sy feature@ Ns Ar feature_name Ns = Ns Sy enabled | |
810 | The value of this property is the current state of | |
811 | .Ar feature_name . | |
812 | The only valid value when setting this property is | |
813 | .Sy enabled | |
814 | which moves | |
815 | .Ar feature_name | |
816 | to the enabled state. | |
817 | See | |
818 | .Xr zpool-features 5 | |
819 | for details on feature states. | |
820 | .It Sy listsnapshots Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off | |
821 | Controls whether information about snapshots associated with this pool is | |
822 | output when | |
823 | .Nm zfs Cm list | |
824 | is run without the | |
825 | .Fl t | |
826 | option. | |
827 | The default value is | |
828 | .Sy off . | |
829 | This property can also be referred to by its shortened name, | |
830 | .Sy listsnaps . | |
379ca9cf OF |
831 | .It Sy multihost Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off |
832 | Controls whether a pool activity check should be performed during | |
833 | .Nm zpool Cm import . | |
834 | When a pool is determined to be active it cannot be imported, even with the | |
835 | .Fl f | |
836 | option. This property is intended to be used in failover configurations | |
4f3218ae OF |
837 | where multiple hosts have access to a pool on shared storage. |
838 | ||
839 | Multihost provides protection on import only. It does not protect against an | |
840 | individual device being used in multiple pools, regardless of the type of vdev. | |
841 | See the discussion under | |
842 | .Sy zpool create. | |
843 | ||
844 | When this property is on, periodic writes to storage occur to show the pool is | |
845 | in use. See | |
379ca9cf OF |
846 | .Sy zfs_multihost_interval |
847 | in the | |
848 | .Xr zfs-module-parameters 5 | |
849 | man page. In order to enable this property each host must set a unique hostid. | |
850 | See | |
851 | .Xr genhostid 1 | |
b9373170 | 852 | .Xr zgenhostid 8 |
d699aaef | 853 | .Xr spl-module-parameters 5 |
379ca9cf OF |
854 | for additional details. The default value is |
855 | .Sy off . | |
cda0317e GM |
856 | .It Sy version Ns = Ns Ar version |
857 | The current on-disk version of the pool. | |
858 | This can be increased, but never decreased. | |
859 | The preferred method of updating pools is with the | |
860 | .Nm zpool Cm upgrade | |
861 | command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for | |
862 | backwards compatibility. | |
863 | Once feature flags are enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a | |
864 | value. | |
865 | .El | |
866 | .Ss Subcommands | |
867 | All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their | |
868 | original form. | |
869 | .Pp | |
870 | The | |
871 | .Nm | |
872 | command provides subcommands to create and destroy storage pools, add capacity | |
873 | to storage pools, and provide information about the storage pools. | |
874 | The following subcommands are supported: | |
875 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
876 | .It Xo | |
877 | .Nm | |
878 | .Fl ? | |
879 | .Xc | |
058ac9ba | 880 | Displays a help message. |
cda0317e GM |
881 | .It Xo |
882 | .Nm | |
883 | .Cm add | |
884 | .Op Fl fgLnP | |
885 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc | |
886 | .Ar pool vdev Ns ... | |
887 | .Xc | |
888 | Adds the specified virtual devices to the given pool. | |
889 | The | |
890 | .Ar vdev | |
891 | specification is described in the | |
892 | .Sx Virtual Devices | |
893 | section. | |
894 | The behavior of the | |
895 | .Fl f | |
896 | option, and the device checks performed are described in the | |
897 | .Nm zpool Cm create | |
898 | subcommand. | |
899 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
900 | .It Fl f | |
901 | Forces use of | |
902 | .Ar vdev Ns s , | |
903 | even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. | |
904 | Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. | |
905 | .It Fl g | |
906 | Display | |
907 | .Ar vdev , | |
908 | GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs can be used in place of | |
909 | device names for the zpool detach/offline/remove/replace commands. | |
910 | .It Fl L | |
911 | Display real paths for | |
912 | .Ar vdev Ns s | |
913 | resolving all symbolic links. This can be used to look up the current block | |
914 | device name regardless of the /dev/disk/ path used to open it. | |
915 | .It Fl n | |
916 | Displays the configuration that would be used without actually adding the | |
917 | .Ar vdev Ns s . | |
918 | The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or | |
919 | device sharing. | |
920 | .It Fl P | |
921 | Display real paths for | |
922 | .Ar vdev Ns s | |
923 | instead of only the last component of the path. This can be used in | |
85912983 | 924 | conjunction with the |
925 | .Fl L | |
926 | flag. | |
cda0317e GM |
927 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value |
928 | Sets the given pool properties. See the | |
929 | .Sx Properties | |
930 | section for a list of valid properties that can be set. The only property | |
931 | supported at the moment is ashift. | |
932 | .El | |
933 | .It Xo | |
934 | .Nm | |
935 | .Cm attach | |
936 | .Op Fl f | |
937 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc | |
938 | .Ar pool device new_device | |
939 | .Xc | |
940 | Attaches | |
941 | .Ar new_device | |
942 | to the existing | |
943 | .Ar device . | |
944 | The existing device cannot be part of a raidz configuration. | |
945 | If | |
946 | .Ar device | |
947 | is not currently part of a mirrored configuration, | |
948 | .Ar device | |
949 | automatically transforms into a two-way mirror of | |
950 | .Ar device | |
951 | and | |
952 | .Ar new_device . | |
953 | If | |
954 | .Ar device | |
955 | is part of a two-way mirror, attaching | |
956 | .Ar new_device | |
957 | creates a three-way mirror, and so on. | |
958 | In either case, | |
959 | .Ar new_device | |
960 | begins to resilver immediately. | |
961 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
962 | .It Fl f | |
963 | Forces use of | |
964 | .Ar new_device , | |
965 | even if its appears to be in use. | |
966 | Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. | |
967 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
968 | Sets the given pool properties. See the | |
969 | .Sx Properties | |
970 | section for a list of valid properties that can be set. The only property | |
971 | supported at the moment is ashift. | |
972 | .El | |
973 | .It Xo | |
974 | .Nm | |
d2734cce SD |
975 | .Cm checkpoint |
976 | .Op Fl d, -discard | |
977 | .Ar pool | |
978 | .Xc | |
979 | Checkpoints the current state of | |
980 | .Ar pool | |
981 | , which can be later restored by | |
982 | .Nm zpool Cm import --rewind-to-checkpoint . | |
983 | The existence of a checkpoint in a pool prohibits the following | |
984 | .Nm zpool | |
985 | commands: | |
986 | .Cm remove , | |
987 | .Cm attach , | |
988 | .Cm detach , | |
989 | .Cm split , | |
990 | and | |
991 | .Cm reguid . | |
992 | In addition, it may break reservation boundaries if the pool lacks free | |
993 | space. | |
994 | The | |
995 | .Nm zpool Cm status | |
996 | command indicates the existence of a checkpoint or the progress of discarding a | |
997 | checkpoint from a pool. | |
998 | The | |
999 | .Nm zpool Cm list | |
1000 | command reports how much space the checkpoint takes from the pool. | |
1001 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1002 | .It Fl d, -discard | |
1003 | Discards an existing checkpoint from | |
1004 | .Ar pool . | |
1005 | .El | |
1006 | .It Xo | |
1007 | .Nm | |
cda0317e GM |
1008 | .Cm clear |
1009 | .Ar pool | |
1010 | .Op Ar device | |
1011 | .Xc | |
1012 | Clears device errors in a pool. | |
1013 | If no arguments are specified, all device errors within the pool are cleared. | |
1014 | If one or more devices is specified, only those errors associated with the | |
1015 | specified device or devices are cleared. | |
8133679f OF |
1016 | If multihost is enabled, and the pool has been suspended, this will not |
1017 | resume I/O. While the pool was suspended, it may have been imported on | |
1018 | another host, and resuming I/O could result in pool damage. | |
cda0317e GM |
1019 | .It Xo |
1020 | .Nm | |
1021 | .Cm create | |
1022 | .Op Fl dfn | |
1023 | .Op Fl m Ar mountpoint | |
1024 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
1025 | .Oo Fl o Ar feature@feature Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
1026 | .Oo Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
1027 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
1028 | .Op Fl t Ar tname | |
1029 | .Ar pool vdev Ns ... | |
1030 | .Xc | |
1031 | Creates a new storage pool containing the virtual devices specified on the | |
1032 | command line. | |
1033 | The pool name must begin with a letter, and can only contain | |
1034 | alphanumeric characters as well as underscore | |
1035 | .Pq Qq Sy _ , | |
1036 | dash | |
90cdf283 | 1037 | .Pq Qq Sy \&- , |
cda0317e GM |
1038 | colon |
1039 | .Pq Qq Sy \&: , | |
1040 | space | |
90cdf283 | 1041 | .Pq Qq Sy \&\ , |
cda0317e GM |
1042 | and period |
1043 | .Pq Qq Sy \&. . | |
1044 | The pool names | |
1045 | .Sy mirror , | |
1046 | .Sy raidz , | |
1047 | .Sy spare | |
1048 | and | |
1049 | .Sy log | |
5ee220ba TK |
1050 | are reserved, as are names beginning with |
1051 | .Sy mirror , | |
1052 | .Sy raidz , | |
1053 | .Sy spare , | |
1054 | and the pattern | |
cda0317e GM |
1055 | .Sy c[0-9] . |
1056 | The | |
1057 | .Ar vdev | |
1058 | specification is described in the | |
1059 | .Sx Virtual Devices | |
1060 | section. | |
1061 | .Pp | |
4f3218ae OF |
1062 | The command attempts to verify that each device specified is accessible and not |
1063 | currently in use by another subsystem. However this check is not robust enough | |
1064 | to detect simultaneous attempts to use a new device in different pools, even if | |
1065 | .Sy multihost | |
1066 | is | |
1067 | .Sy enabled. | |
1068 | The | |
1069 | administrator must ensure that simultaneous invocations of any combination of | |
1070 | .Sy zpool replace , | |
1071 | .Sy zpool create , | |
1072 | .Sy zpool add , | |
1073 | or | |
1074 | .Sy zpool labelclear , | |
1075 | do not refer to the same device. Using the same device in two pools will | |
1076 | result in pool corruption. | |
1077 | ||
cda0317e GM |
1078 | There are some uses, such as being currently mounted, or specified as the |
1079 | dedicated dump device, that prevents a device from ever being used by ZFS. | |
1080 | Other uses, such as having a preexisting UFS file system, can be overridden with | |
1081 | the | |
1082 | .Fl f | |
1083 | option. | |
1084 | .Pp | |
1085 | The command also checks that the replication strategy for the pool is | |
1086 | consistent. | |
1087 | An attempt to combine redundant and non-redundant storage in a single pool, or | |
1088 | to mix disks and files, results in an error unless | |
1089 | .Fl f | |
1090 | is specified. | |
1091 | The use of differently sized devices within a single raidz or mirror group is | |
1092 | also flagged as an error unless | |
1093 | .Fl f | |
1094 | is specified. | |
1095 | .Pp | |
1096 | Unless the | |
1097 | .Fl R | |
1098 | option is specified, the default mount point is | |
1099 | .Pa / Ns Ar pool . | |
1100 | The mount point must not exist or must be empty, or else the root dataset | |
1101 | cannot be mounted. | |
1102 | This can be overridden with the | |
1103 | .Fl m | |
1104 | option. | |
1105 | .Pp | |
1106 | By default all supported features are enabled on the new pool unless the | |
1107 | .Fl d | |
1108 | option is specified. | |
1109 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1110 | .It Fl d | |
1111 | Do not enable any features on the new pool. | |
1112 | Individual features can be enabled by setting their corresponding properties to | |
1113 | .Sy enabled | |
1114 | with the | |
1115 | .Fl o | |
1116 | option. | |
1117 | See | |
1118 | .Xr zpool-features 5 | |
1119 | for details about feature properties. | |
1120 | .It Fl f | |
1121 | Forces use of | |
1122 | .Ar vdev Ns s , | |
1123 | even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. | |
1124 | Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. | |
1125 | .It Fl m Ar mountpoint | |
1126 | Sets the mount point for the root dataset. | |
1127 | The default mount point is | |
1128 | .Pa /pool | |
1129 | or | |
1130 | .Pa altroot/pool | |
1131 | if | |
1132 | .Ar altroot | |
1133 | is specified. | |
1134 | The mount point must be an absolute path, | |
1135 | .Sy legacy , | |
1136 | or | |
1137 | .Sy none . | |
1138 | For more information on dataset mount points, see | |
1139 | .Xr zfs 8 . | |
1140 | .It Fl n | |
1141 | Displays the configuration that would be used without actually creating the | |
1142 | pool. | |
1143 | The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or | |
1144 | device sharing. | |
1145 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
1146 | Sets the given pool properties. | |
1147 | See the | |
1148 | .Sx Properties | |
1149 | section for a list of valid properties that can be set. | |
1150 | .It Fl o Ar feature@feature Ns = Ns Ar value | |
1151 | Sets the given pool feature. See the | |
1152 | .Xr zpool-features 5 | |
1153 | section for a list of valid features that can be set. | |
1154 | Value can be either disabled or enabled. | |
1155 | .It Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
1156 | Sets the given file system properties in the root file system of the pool. | |
1157 | See the | |
1158 | .Sx Properties | |
1159 | section of | |
1160 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
1161 | for a list of valid properties that can be set. | |
1162 | .It Fl R Ar root | |
1163 | Equivalent to | |
1164 | .Fl o Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Sy none Fl o Sy altroot Ns = Ns Ar root | |
1165 | .It Fl t Ar tname | |
1166 | Sets the in-core pool name to | |
1167 | .Sy tname | |
1168 | while the on-disk name will be the name specified as the pool name | |
1169 | .Sy pool . | |
1170 | This will set the default cachefile property to none. This is intended | |
1171 | to handle name space collisions when creating pools for other systems, | |
1172 | such as virtual machines or physical machines whose pools live on network | |
1173 | block devices. | |
1174 | .El | |
1175 | .It Xo | |
1176 | .Nm | |
1177 | .Cm destroy | |
1178 | .Op Fl f | |
1179 | .Ar pool | |
1180 | .Xc | |
1181 | Destroys the given pool, freeing up any devices for other use. | |
1182 | This command tries to unmount any active datasets before destroying the pool. | |
1183 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1184 | .It Fl f | |
058ac9ba | 1185 | Forces any active datasets contained within the pool to be unmounted. |
cda0317e GM |
1186 | .El |
1187 | .It Xo | |
1188 | .Nm | |
1189 | .Cm detach | |
1190 | .Ar pool device | |
1191 | .Xc | |
1192 | Detaches | |
1193 | .Ar device | |
1194 | from a mirror. | |
1195 | The operation is refused if there are no other valid replicas of the data. | |
1196 | If device may be re-added to the pool later on then consider the | |
1197 | .Sy zpool offline | |
1198 | command instead. | |
1199 | .It Xo | |
1200 | .Nm | |
1201 | .Cm events | |
88f9c939 | 1202 | .Op Fl vHf Oo Ar pool Oc | Fl c |
cda0317e GM |
1203 | .Xc |
1204 | Lists all recent events generated by the ZFS kernel modules. These events | |
1205 | are consumed by the | |
1206 | .Xr zed 8 | |
1207 | and used to automate administrative tasks such as replacing a failed device | |
1208 | with a hot spare. For more information about the subclasses and event payloads | |
1209 | that can be generated see the | |
1210 | .Xr zfs-events 5 | |
1211 | man page. | |
1212 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1213 | .It Fl c | |
d050c627 | 1214 | Clear all previous events. |
cda0317e GM |
1215 | .It Fl f |
1216 | Follow mode. | |
1217 | .It Fl H | |
1218 | Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a | |
1219 | single tab instead of arbitrary space. | |
1220 | .It Fl v | |
1221 | Print the entire payload for each event. | |
1222 | .El | |
1223 | .It Xo | |
1224 | .Nm | |
1225 | .Cm export | |
1226 | .Op Fl a | |
1227 | .Op Fl f | |
1228 | .Ar pool Ns ... | |
1229 | .Xc | |
1230 | Exports the given pools from the system. | |
1231 | All devices are marked as exported, but are still considered in use by other | |
1232 | subsystems. | |
1233 | The devices can be moved between systems | |
1234 | .Pq even those of different endianness | |
1235 | and imported as long as a sufficient number of devices are present. | |
1236 | .Pp | |
1237 | Before exporting the pool, all datasets within the pool are unmounted. | |
1238 | A pool can not be exported if it has a shared spare that is currently being | |
1239 | used. | |
1240 | .Pp | |
1241 | For pools to be portable, you must give the | |
1242 | .Nm | |
1243 | command whole disks, not just partitions, so that ZFS can label the disks with | |
1244 | portable EFI labels. | |
1245 | Otherwise, disk drivers on platforms of different endianness will not recognize | |
1246 | the disks. | |
1247 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1248 | .It Fl a | |
859735c0 | 1249 | Exports all pools imported on the system. |
cda0317e GM |
1250 | .It Fl f |
1251 | Forcefully unmount all datasets, using the | |
1252 | .Nm unmount Fl f | |
1253 | command. | |
1254 | .Pp | |
1255 | This command will forcefully export the pool even if it has a shared spare that | |
1256 | is currently being used. | |
1257 | This may lead to potential data corruption. | |
1258 | .El | |
1259 | .It Xo | |
1260 | .Nm | |
1261 | .Cm get | |
1262 | .Op Fl Hp | |
1263 | .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... | |
1264 | .Sy all Ns | Ns Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... | |
48b0b649 | 1265 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... |
cda0317e GM |
1266 | .Xc |
1267 | Retrieves the given list of properties | |
1268 | .Po | |
1269 | or all properties if | |
1270 | .Sy all | |
1271 | is used | |
1272 | .Pc | |
1273 | for the specified storage pool(s). | |
1274 | These properties are displayed with the following fields: | |
1275 | .Bd -literal | |
2a8b84b7 | 1276 | name Name of storage pool |
058ac9ba BB |
1277 | property Property name |
1278 | value Property value | |
1279 | source Property source, either 'default' or 'local'. | |
cda0317e GM |
1280 | .Ed |
1281 | .Pp | |
1282 | See the | |
1283 | .Sx Properties | |
1284 | section for more information on the available pool properties. | |
1285 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1286 | .It Fl H | |
1287 | Scripted mode. | |
1288 | Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary | |
1289 | space. | |
1290 | .It Fl o Ar field | |
1291 | A comma-separated list of columns to display. | |
d7323e79 | 1292 | .Sy name Ns \&, Ns Sy property Ns \&, Ns Sy value Ns \&, Ns Sy source |
2a8b84b7 | 1293 | is the default value. |
cda0317e GM |
1294 | .It Fl p |
1295 | Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. | |
1296 | .El | |
1297 | .It Xo | |
1298 | .Nm | |
1299 | .Cm history | |
1300 | .Op Fl il | |
1301 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
1302 | .Xc | |
1303 | Displays the command history of the specified pool(s) or all pools if no pool is | |
1304 | specified. | |
1305 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1306 | .It Fl i | |
1307 | Displays internally logged ZFS events in addition to user initiated events. | |
1308 | .It Fl l | |
1309 | Displays log records in long format, which in addition to standard format | |
1310 | includes, the user name, the hostname, and the zone in which the operation was | |
1311 | performed. | |
1312 | .El | |
1313 | .It Xo | |
1314 | .Nm | |
1315 | .Cm import | |
1316 | .Op Fl D | |
522db292 | 1317 | .Op Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device |
cda0317e GM |
1318 | .Xc |
1319 | Lists pools available to import. | |
1320 | If the | |
1321 | .Fl d | |
1322 | option is not specified, this command searches for devices in | |
1323 | .Pa /dev . | |
1324 | The | |
1325 | .Fl d | |
1326 | option can be specified multiple times, and all directories are searched. | |
1327 | If the device appears to be part of an exported pool, this command displays a | |
1328 | summary of the pool with the name of the pool, a numeric identifier, as well as | |
1329 | the vdev layout and current health of the device for each device or file. | |
1330 | Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the | |
1331 | .Nm zpool Cm destroy | |
1332 | command, are not listed unless the | |
1333 | .Fl D | |
1334 | option is specified. | |
1335 | .Pp | |
1336 | The numeric identifier is unique, and can be used instead of the pool name when | |
1337 | multiple exported pools of the same name are available. | |
1338 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1339 | .It Fl c Ar cachefile | |
1340 | Reads configuration from the given | |
1341 | .Ar cachefile | |
1342 | that was created with the | |
1343 | .Sy cachefile | |
1344 | pool property. | |
1345 | This | |
1346 | .Ar cachefile | |
1347 | is used instead of searching for devices. | |
522db292 CC |
1348 | .It Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns Ar device |
1349 | Uses | |
1350 | .Ar device | |
1351 | or searches for devices or files in | |
cda0317e GM |
1352 | .Ar dir . |
1353 | The | |
1354 | .Fl d | |
1355 | option can be specified multiple times. | |
1356 | .It Fl D | |
058ac9ba | 1357 | Lists destroyed pools only. |
cda0317e GM |
1358 | .El |
1359 | .It Xo | |
1360 | .Nm | |
1361 | .Cm import | |
1362 | .Fl a | |
b5256303 | 1363 | .Op Fl DflmN |
cda0317e | 1364 | .Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc |
522db292 | 1365 | .Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device |
cda0317e GM |
1366 | .Op Fl o Ar mntopts |
1367 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
1368 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
1369 | .Op Fl s | |
1370 | .Xc | |
1371 | Imports all pools found in the search directories. | |
1372 | Identical to the previous command, except that all pools with a sufficient | |
1373 | number of devices available are imported. | |
1374 | Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the | |
1375 | .Nm zpool Cm destroy | |
1376 | command, will not be imported unless the | |
1377 | .Fl D | |
1378 | option is specified. | |
1379 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1380 | .It Fl a | |
6b4e21c6 | 1381 | Searches for and imports all pools found. |
cda0317e GM |
1382 | .It Fl c Ar cachefile |
1383 | Reads configuration from the given | |
1384 | .Ar cachefile | |
1385 | that was created with the | |
1386 | .Sy cachefile | |
1387 | pool property. | |
1388 | This | |
1389 | .Ar cachefile | |
1390 | is used instead of searching for devices. | |
522db292 CC |
1391 | .It Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns Ar device |
1392 | Uses | |
1393 | .Ar device | |
1394 | or searches for devices or files in | |
cda0317e GM |
1395 | .Ar dir . |
1396 | The | |
1397 | .Fl d | |
1398 | option can be specified multiple times. | |
1399 | This option is incompatible with the | |
1400 | .Fl c | |
1401 | option. | |
1402 | .It Fl D | |
1403 | Imports destroyed pools only. | |
1404 | The | |
1405 | .Fl f | |
1406 | option is also required. | |
1407 | .It Fl f | |
1408 | Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. | |
1409 | .It Fl F | |
1410 | Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. | |
1411 | Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few | |
1412 | transactions. | |
1413 | Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. | |
1414 | If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. | |
1415 | This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. | |
b5256303 TC |
1416 | .It Fl l |
1417 | Indicates that this command will request encryption keys for all encrypted | |
1418 | datasets it attempts to mount as it is bringing the pool online. Note that if | |
1419 | any datasets have a | |
1420 | .Sy keylocation | |
1421 | of | |
1422 | .Sy prompt | |
1423 | this command will block waiting for the keys to be entered. Without this flag | |
1424 | encrypted datasets will be left unavailable until the keys are loaded. | |
cda0317e | 1425 | .It Fl m |
7f9d9946 | 1426 | Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. |
cda0317e GM |
1427 | Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. |
1428 | .It Fl n | |
1429 | Used with the | |
1430 | .Fl F | |
1431 | recovery option. | |
1432 | Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does | |
1433 | not actually perform the pool recovery. | |
1434 | For more details about pool recovery mode, see the | |
1435 | .Fl F | |
1436 | option, above. | |
1437 | .It Fl N | |
7f9d9946 | 1438 | Import the pool without mounting any file systems. |
cda0317e GM |
1439 | .It Fl o Ar mntopts |
1440 | Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the | |
1441 | pool. | |
1442 | See | |
1443 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
1444 | for a description of dataset properties and mount options. | |
1445 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
1446 | Sets the specified property on the imported pool. | |
1447 | See the | |
1448 | .Sx Properties | |
1449 | section for more information on the available pool properties. | |
1450 | .It Fl R Ar root | |
1451 | Sets the | |
1452 | .Sy cachefile | |
1453 | property to | |
1454 | .Sy none | |
1455 | and the | |
1456 | .Sy altroot | |
1457 | property to | |
1458 | .Ar root . | |
d2734cce SD |
1459 | .It Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint |
1460 | Rewinds pool to the checkpointed state. | |
1461 | Once the pool is imported with this flag there is no way to undo the rewind. | |
1462 | All changes and data that were written after the checkpoint are lost! | |
1463 | The only exception is when the | |
1464 | .Sy readonly | |
1465 | mounting option is enabled. | |
1466 | In this case, the checkpointed state of the pool is opened and an | |
1467 | administrator can see how the pool would look like if they were | |
1468 | to fully rewind. | |
cda0317e GM |
1469 | .It Fl s |
1470 | Scan using the default search path, the libblkid cache will not be | |
1471 | consulted. A custom search path may be specified by setting the | |
1472 | ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH environment variable. | |
1473 | .It Fl X | |
1474 | Used with the | |
1475 | .Fl F | |
1476 | recovery option. Determines whether extreme | |
1477 | measures to find a valid txg should take place. This allows the pool to | |
1478 | be rolled back to a txg which is no longer guaranteed to be consistent. | |
1479 | Pools imported at an inconsistent txg may contain uncorrectable | |
1480 | checksum errors. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the | |
1481 | .Fl F | |
1482 | option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the | |
1483 | health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort. | |
1484 | .It Fl T | |
1485 | Specify the txg to use for rollback. Implies | |
1486 | .Fl FX . | |
1487 | For more details | |
1488 | about pool recovery mode, see the | |
1489 | .Fl X | |
1490 | option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the | |
1491 | health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort. | |
1492 | .El | |
1493 | .It Xo | |
1494 | .Nm | |
1495 | .Cm import | |
b5256303 | 1496 | .Op Fl Dflm |
cda0317e | 1497 | .Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl t Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc |
522db292 | 1498 | .Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device |
cda0317e GM |
1499 | .Op Fl o Ar mntopts |
1500 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... | |
1501 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
1502 | .Op Fl s | |
1503 | .Ar pool Ns | Ns Ar id | |
1504 | .Op Ar newpool | |
1505 | .Xc | |
1506 | Imports a specific pool. | |
1507 | A pool can be identified by its name or the numeric identifier. | |
1508 | If | |
1509 | .Ar newpool | |
1510 | is specified, the pool is imported using the name | |
1511 | .Ar newpool . | |
1512 | Otherwise, it is imported with the same name as its exported name. | |
1513 | .Pp | |
1514 | If a device is removed from a system without running | |
1515 | .Nm zpool Cm export | |
1516 | first, the device appears as potentially active. | |
1517 | It cannot be determined if this was a failed export, or whether the device is | |
1518 | really in use from another host. | |
1519 | To import a pool in this state, the | |
1520 | .Fl f | |
1521 | option is required. | |
1522 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1523 | .It Fl c Ar cachefile | |
1524 | Reads configuration from the given | |
1525 | .Ar cachefile | |
1526 | that was created with the | |
1527 | .Sy cachefile | |
1528 | pool property. | |
1529 | This | |
1530 | .Ar cachefile | |
1531 | is used instead of searching for devices. | |
522db292 CC |
1532 | .It Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns Ar device |
1533 | Uses | |
1534 | .Ar device | |
1535 | or searches for devices or files in | |
cda0317e GM |
1536 | .Ar dir . |
1537 | The | |
1538 | .Fl d | |
1539 | option can be specified multiple times. | |
1540 | This option is incompatible with the | |
1541 | .Fl c | |
1542 | option. | |
1543 | .It Fl D | |
1544 | Imports destroyed pool. | |
1545 | The | |
1546 | .Fl f | |
1547 | option is also required. | |
1548 | .It Fl f | |
058ac9ba | 1549 | Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. |
cda0317e GM |
1550 | .It Fl F |
1551 | Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. | |
1552 | Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few | |
1553 | transactions. | |
1554 | Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. | |
1555 | If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. | |
1556 | This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. | |
b5256303 TC |
1557 | .It Fl l |
1558 | Indicates that this command will request encryption keys for all encrypted | |
1559 | datasets it attempts to mount as it is bringing the pool online. Note that if | |
1560 | any datasets have a | |
1561 | .Sy keylocation | |
1562 | of | |
1563 | .Sy prompt | |
1564 | this command will block waiting for the keys to be entered. Without this flag | |
1565 | encrypted datasets will be left unavailable until the keys are loaded. | |
cda0317e | 1566 | .It Fl m |
7f9d9946 | 1567 | Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. |
cda0317e GM |
1568 | Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. |
1569 | .It Fl n | |
1570 | Used with the | |
1571 | .Fl F | |
1572 | recovery option. | |
1573 | Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does | |
1574 | not actually perform the pool recovery. | |
1575 | For more details about pool recovery mode, see the | |
1576 | .Fl F | |
1577 | option, above. | |
1578 | .It Fl o Ar mntopts | |
1579 | Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the | |
1580 | pool. | |
1581 | See | |
1582 | .Xr zfs 8 | |
1583 | for a description of dataset properties and mount options. | |
1584 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
1585 | Sets the specified property on the imported pool. | |
1586 | See the | |
1587 | .Sx Properties | |
1588 | section for more information on the available pool properties. | |
1589 | .It Fl R Ar root | |
1590 | Sets the | |
1591 | .Sy cachefile | |
1592 | property to | |
1593 | .Sy none | |
1594 | and the | |
1595 | .Sy altroot | |
1596 | property to | |
1597 | .Ar root . | |
1598 | .It Fl s | |
1599 | Scan using the default search path, the libblkid cache will not be | |
1600 | consulted. A custom search path may be specified by setting the | |
1601 | ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH environment variable. | |
1602 | .It Fl X | |
1603 | Used with the | |
1604 | .Fl F | |
1605 | recovery option. Determines whether extreme | |
1606 | measures to find a valid txg should take place. This allows the pool to | |
1607 | be rolled back to a txg which is no longer guaranteed to be consistent. | |
1608 | Pools imported at an inconsistent txg may contain uncorrectable | |
1609 | checksum errors. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the | |
1610 | .Fl F | |
1611 | option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the | |
1612 | health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort. | |
1613 | .It Fl T | |
1614 | Specify the txg to use for rollback. Implies | |
1615 | .Fl FX . | |
1616 | For more details | |
1617 | about pool recovery mode, see the | |
1618 | .Fl X | |
1619 | option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the | |
1620 | health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort. | |
1c68856b | 1621 | .It Fl t |
cda0317e GM |
1622 | Used with |
1623 | .Sy newpool . | |
1624 | Specifies that | |
1625 | .Sy newpool | |
1626 | is temporary. Temporary pool names last until export. Ensures that | |
1627 | the original pool name will be used in all label updates and therefore | |
1628 | is retained upon export. | |
1629 | Will also set -o cachefile=none when not explicitly specified. | |
1630 | .El | |
1631 | .It Xo | |
1632 | .Nm | |
619f0976 | 1633 | .Cm initialize |
a769fb53 | 1634 | .Op Fl c | Fl s |
619f0976 GW |
1635 | .Ar pool |
1636 | .Op Ar device Ns ... | |
1637 | .Xc | |
1638 | Begins initializing by writing to all unallocated regions on the specified | |
1639 | devices, or all eligible devices in the pool if no individual devices are | |
1640 | specified. | |
1641 | Only leaf data or log devices may be initialized. | |
1642 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1643 | .It Fl c, -cancel | |
1644 | Cancel initializing on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none | |
1645 | are specified. | |
1646 | If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being | |
1647 | initialized, the command will fail and no cancellation will occur on any device. | |
1648 | .It Fl s -suspend | |
1649 | Suspend initializing on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none | |
1650 | are specified. | |
1651 | If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being | |
1652 | initialized, the command will fail and no suspension will occur on any device. | |
1653 | Initializing can then be resumed by running | |
1654 | .Nm zpool Cm initialize | |
1655 | with no flags on the relevant target devices. | |
1656 | .El | |
1657 | .It Xo | |
1658 | .Nm | |
cda0317e GM |
1659 | .Cm iostat |
1660 | .Op Oo Oo Fl c Ar SCRIPT Oc Oo Fl lq Oc Oc Ns | Ns Fl rw | |
1661 | .Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d | |
8fccfa8e | 1662 | .Op Fl ghHLnpPvy |
cda0317e GM |
1663 | .Oo Oo Ar pool Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar pool vdev Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar vdev Ns ... Oc Oc |
1664 | .Op Ar interval Op Ar count | |
1665 | .Xc | |
f8bb2a7e KP |
1666 | Displays logical I/O statistics for the given pools/vdevs. Physical I/Os may |
1667 | be observed via | |
1668 | .Xr iostat 1 . | |
1669 | If writes are located nearby, they may be merged into a single | |
1670 | larger operation. Additional I/O may be generated depending on the level of | |
1671 | vdev redundancy. | |
1672 | To filter output, you may pass in a list of pools, a pool and list of vdevs | |
1673 | in that pool, or a list of any vdevs from any pool. If no items are specified, | |
1674 | statistics for every pool in the system are shown. | |
cda0317e GM |
1675 | When given an |
1676 | .Ar interval , | |
1677 | the statistics are printed every | |
1678 | .Ar interval | |
8fccfa8e DW |
1679 | seconds until ^C is pressed. If |
1680 | .Fl n | |
1681 | flag is specified the headers are displayed only once, otherwise they are | |
1682 | displayed periodically. If count is specified, the command exits | |
cda0317e GM |
1683 | after count reports are printed. The first report printed is always |
1684 | the statistics since boot regardless of whether | |
1685 | .Ar interval | |
1686 | and | |
1687 | .Ar count | |
1688 | are passed. However, this behavior can be suppressed with the | |
1689 | .Fl y | |
1690 | flag. Also note that the units of | |
1691 | .Sy K , | |
1692 | .Sy M , | |
1693 | .Sy G ... | |
1694 | that are printed in the report are in base 1024. To get the raw | |
1695 | values, use the | |
1696 | .Fl p | |
1697 | flag. | |
1698 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
7a8ed6b8 | 1699 | .It Fl c Op Ar SCRIPT1 Ns Oo , Ns Ar SCRIPT2 Oc Ns ... |
cda0317e GM |
1700 | Run a script (or scripts) on each vdev and include the output as a new column |
1701 | in the | |
1702 | .Nm zpool Cm iostat | |
1703 | output. Users can run any script found in their | |
1704 | .Pa ~/.zpool.d | |
1705 | directory or from the system | |
1706 | .Pa /etc/zfs/zpool.d | |
d6bcf7ff GDN |
1707 | directory. Script names containing the slash (/) character are not allowed. |
1708 | The default search path can be overridden by setting the | |
cda0317e GM |
1709 | ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_PATH environment variable. A privileged user can run |
1710 | .Fl c | |
1711 | if they have the ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_AS_ROOT | |
1712 | environment variable set. If a script requires the use of a privileged | |
1713 | command, like | |
7a8ed6b8 NB |
1714 | .Xr smartctl 8 , |
1715 | then it's recommended you allow the user access to it in | |
cda0317e GM |
1716 | .Pa /etc/sudoers |
1717 | or add the user to the | |
1718 | .Pa /etc/sudoers.d/zfs | |
1719 | file. | |
1720 | .Pp | |
1721 | If | |
1722 | .Fl c | |
1723 | is passed without a script name, it prints a list of all scripts. | |
1724 | .Fl c | |
7a8ed6b8 | 1725 | also sets verbose mode |
90cdf283 | 1726 | .No \&( Ns Fl v Ns No \&). |
cda0317e GM |
1727 | .Pp |
1728 | Script output should be in the form of "name=value". The column name is | |
1729 | set to "name" and the value is set to "value". Multiple lines can be | |
1730 | used to output multiple columns. The first line of output not in the | |
1731 | "name=value" format is displayed without a column title, and no more | |
1732 | output after that is displayed. This can be useful for printing error | |
1733 | messages. Blank or NULL values are printed as a '-' to make output | |
1734 | awk-able. | |
1735 | .Pp | |
d6418de0 | 1736 | The following environment variables are set before running each script: |
cda0317e GM |
1737 | .Bl -tag -width "VDEV_PATH" |
1738 | .It Sy VDEV_PATH | |
1739 | Full path to the vdev | |
1740 | .El | |
1741 | .Bl -tag -width "VDEV_UPATH" | |
1742 | .It Sy VDEV_UPATH | |
1743 | Underlying path to the vdev (/dev/sd*). For use with device mapper, | |
1744 | multipath, or partitioned vdevs. | |
1745 | .El | |
1746 | .Bl -tag -width "VDEV_ENC_SYSFS_PATH" | |
1747 | .It Sy VDEV_ENC_SYSFS_PATH | |
1748 | The sysfs path to the enclosure for the vdev (if any). | |
1749 | .El | |
1750 | .It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d | |
058ac9ba | 1751 | Display a time stamp. |
cda0317e GM |
1752 | Specify |
1753 | .Sy u | |
1754 | for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. | |
1755 | See | |
1756 | .Xr time 2 . | |
1757 | Specify | |
1758 | .Sy d | |
1759 | for standard date format. | |
1760 | See | |
1761 | .Xr date 1 . | |
1762 | .It Fl g | |
1763 | Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs | |
1764 | can be used in place of device names for the zpool | |
1765 | detach/offline/remove/replace commands. | |
1766 | .It Fl H | |
1767 | Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a | |
1768 | single tab instead of arbitrary space. | |
1769 | .It Fl L | |
1770 | Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can | |
1771 | be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the | |
1772 | .Pa /dev/disk/ | |
1773 | path used to open it. | |
8fccfa8e DW |
1774 | .It Fl n |
1775 | Print headers only once when passed | |
cda0317e GM |
1776 | .It Fl p |
1777 | Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. Time values are in | |
1778 | nanoseconds. | |
1779 | .It Fl P | |
1780 | Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of | |
1781 | the path. This can be used in conjunction with the | |
1782 | .Fl L | |
1783 | flag. | |
1784 | .It Fl r | |
1785 | Print request size histograms for the leaf ZIOs. This includes | |
1786 | histograms of individual ZIOs ( | |
1787 | .Ar ind ) | |
1788 | and aggregate ZIOs ( | |
1789 | .Ar agg ). | |
1790 | These stats can be useful for seeing how well the ZFS IO aggregator is | |
1791 | working. Do not confuse these request size stats with the block layer | |
1792 | requests; it's possible ZIOs can be broken up before being sent to the | |
1793 | block device. | |
1794 | .It Fl v | |
1795 | Verbose statistics Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the | |
1796 | pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics. | |
1797 | .It Fl y | |
eb201f50 GM |
1798 | Omit statistics since boot. |
1799 | Normally the first line of output reports the statistics since boot. | |
1800 | This option suppresses that first line of output. | |
8fccfa8e | 1801 | .Ar interval |
cda0317e | 1802 | .It Fl w |
eb201f50 GM |
1803 | Display latency histograms: |
1804 | .Pp | |
1805 | .Ar total_wait : | |
1806 | Total IO time (queuing + disk IO time). | |
1807 | .Ar disk_wait : | |
1808 | Disk IO time (time reading/writing the disk). | |
1809 | .Ar syncq_wait : | |
1810 | Amount of time IO spent in synchronous priority queues. Does not include | |
1811 | disk time. | |
1812 | .Ar asyncq_wait : | |
1813 | Amount of time IO spent in asynchronous priority queues. Does not include | |
1814 | disk time. | |
1815 | .Ar scrub : | |
1816 | Amount of time IO spent in scrub queue. Does not include disk time. | |
cda0317e | 1817 | .It Fl l |
193a37cb | 1818 | Include average latency statistics: |
cda0317e GM |
1819 | .Pp |
1820 | .Ar total_wait : | |
193a37cb | 1821 | Average total IO time (queuing + disk IO time). |
cda0317e | 1822 | .Ar disk_wait : |
193a37cb | 1823 | Average disk IO time (time reading/writing the disk). |
cda0317e GM |
1824 | .Ar syncq_wait : |
1825 | Average amount of time IO spent in synchronous priority queues. Does | |
1826 | not include disk time. | |
1827 | .Ar asyncq_wait : | |
1828 | Average amount of time IO spent in asynchronous priority queues. | |
1829 | Does not include disk time. | |
1830 | .Ar scrub : | |
1831 | Average queuing time in scrub queue. Does not include disk time. | |
1832 | .It Fl q | |
1833 | Include active queue statistics. Each priority queue has both | |
1834 | pending ( | |
1835 | .Ar pend ) | |
1836 | and active ( | |
1837 | .Ar activ ) | |
1838 | IOs. Pending IOs are waiting to | |
1839 | be issued to the disk, and active IOs have been issued to disk and are | |
1840 | waiting for completion. These stats are broken out by priority queue: | |
1841 | .Pp | |
1842 | .Ar syncq_read/write : | |
1843 | Current number of entries in synchronous priority | |
1844 | queues. | |
1845 | .Ar asyncq_read/write : | |
193a37cb | 1846 | Current number of entries in asynchronous priority queues. |
cda0317e | 1847 | .Ar scrubq_read : |
193a37cb | 1848 | Current number of entries in scrub queue. |
cda0317e GM |
1849 | .Pp |
1850 | All queue statistics are instantaneous measurements of the number of | |
1851 | entries in the queues. If you specify an interval, the measurements | |
1852 | will be sampled from the end of the interval. | |
1853 | .El | |
1854 | .It Xo | |
1855 | .Nm | |
1856 | .Cm labelclear | |
1857 | .Op Fl f | |
1858 | .Ar device | |
1859 | .Xc | |
1860 | Removes ZFS label information from the specified | |
1861 | .Ar device . | |
1862 | The | |
1863 | .Ar device | |
1864 | must not be part of an active pool configuration. | |
1865 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1866 | .It Fl f | |
131cc95c | 1867 | Treat exported or foreign devices as inactive. |
cda0317e GM |
1868 | .El |
1869 | .It Xo | |
1870 | .Nm | |
1871 | .Cm list | |
1872 | .Op Fl HgLpPv | |
1873 | .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... | |
1874 | .Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d | |
1875 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
1876 | .Op Ar interval Op Ar count | |
1877 | .Xc | |
1878 | Lists the given pools along with a health status and space usage. | |
1879 | If no | |
1880 | .Ar pool Ns s | |
1881 | are specified, all pools in the system are listed. | |
1882 | When given an | |
1883 | .Ar interval , | |
1884 | the information is printed every | |
1885 | .Ar interval | |
1886 | seconds until ^C is pressed. | |
1887 | If | |
1888 | .Ar count | |
1889 | is specified, the command exits after | |
1890 | .Ar count | |
1891 | reports are printed. | |
1892 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1893 | .It Fl g | |
1894 | Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs | |
1895 | can be used in place of device names for the zpool | |
1896 | detach/offline/remove/replace commands. | |
1897 | .It Fl H | |
1898 | Scripted mode. | |
1899 | Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary | |
1900 | space. | |
1901 | .It Fl o Ar property | |
1902 | Comma-separated list of properties to display. | |
1903 | See the | |
1904 | .Sx Properties | |
1905 | section for a list of valid properties. | |
1906 | The default list is | |
fb8a10d5 EA |
1907 | .Cm name , size , allocated , free , checkpoint, expandsize , fragmentation , |
1908 | .Cm capacity , dedupratio , health , altroot . | |
cda0317e GM |
1909 | .It Fl L |
1910 | Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can | |
1911 | be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the | |
1912 | /dev/disk/ path used to open it. | |
1913 | .It Fl p | |
1914 | Display numbers in parsable | |
1915 | .Pq exact | |
1916 | values. | |
1917 | .It Fl P | |
1918 | Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of | |
1919 | the path. This can be used in conjunction with the | |
85912983 | 1920 | .Fl L |
1921 | flag. | |
cda0317e | 1922 | .It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d |
6e1b9d03 | 1923 | Display a time stamp. |
cda0317e | 1924 | Specify |
f23b0242 | 1925 | .Sy u |
cda0317e GM |
1926 | for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. |
1927 | See | |
1928 | .Xr time 2 . | |
1929 | Specify | |
f23b0242 | 1930 | .Sy d |
cda0317e GM |
1931 | for standard date format. |
1932 | See | |
1933 | .Xr date 1 . | |
1934 | .It Fl v | |
1935 | Verbose statistics. | |
1936 | Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the pool, in addition to | |
1937 | the pool-wise statistics. | |
1938 | .El | |
1939 | .It Xo | |
1940 | .Nm | |
1941 | .Cm offline | |
1942 | .Op Fl f | |
1943 | .Op Fl t | |
1944 | .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... | |
1945 | .Xc | |
1946 | Takes the specified physical device offline. | |
1947 | While the | |
1948 | .Ar device | |
1949 | is offline, no attempt is made to read or write to the device. | |
1950 | This command is not applicable to spares. | |
1951 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
1952 | .It Fl f | |
1953 | Force fault. Instead of offlining the disk, put it into a faulted | |
1954 | state. The fault will persist across imports unless the | |
1955 | .Fl t | |
1956 | flag was specified. | |
1957 | .It Fl t | |
1958 | Temporary. | |
1959 | Upon reboot, the specified physical device reverts to its previous state. | |
1960 | .El | |
1961 | .It Xo | |
1962 | .Nm | |
1963 | .Cm online | |
1964 | .Op Fl e | |
1965 | .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... | |
1966 | .Xc | |
058ac9ba | 1967 | Brings the specified physical device online. |
7c9abcf8 | 1968 | This command is not applicable to spares. |
cda0317e GM |
1969 | .Bl -tag -width Ds |
1970 | .It Fl e | |
1971 | Expand the device to use all available space. | |
1972 | If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices must be expanded | |
1973 | before the new space will become available to the pool. | |
1974 | .El | |
1975 | .It Xo | |
1976 | .Nm | |
1977 | .Cm reguid | |
1978 | .Ar pool | |
1979 | .Xc | |
1980 | Generates a new unique identifier for the pool. | |
1981 | You must ensure that all devices in this pool are online and healthy before | |
1982 | performing this action. | |
1983 | .It Xo | |
1984 | .Nm | |
1985 | .Cm reopen | |
d3f2cd7e | 1986 | .Op Fl n |
cda0317e GM |
1987 | .Ar pool |
1988 | .Xc | |
5853fe79 | 1989 | Reopen all the vdevs associated with the pool. |
d3f2cd7e AB |
1990 | .Bl -tag -width Ds |
1991 | .It Fl n | |
1992 | Do not restart an in-progress scrub operation. This is not recommended and can | |
1993 | result in partially resilvered devices unless a second scrub is performed. | |
a94d38c0 | 1994 | .El |
cda0317e GM |
1995 | .It Xo |
1996 | .Nm | |
1997 | .Cm remove | |
a1d477c2 | 1998 | .Op Fl np |
cda0317e GM |
1999 | .Ar pool Ar device Ns ... |
2000 | .Xc | |
2001 | Removes the specified device from the pool. | |
2ced3cf0 BB |
2002 | This command supports removing hot spare, cache, log, and both mirrored and |
2003 | non-redundant primary top-level vdevs, including dedup and special vdevs. | |
2004 | When the primary pool storage includes a top-level raidz vdev only hot spare, | |
2005 | cache, and log devices can be removed. | |
a1d477c2 MA |
2006 | .sp |
2007 | Removing a top-level vdev reduces the total amount of space in the storage pool. | |
2008 | The specified device will be evacuated by copying all allocated space from it to | |
2009 | the other devices in the pool. | |
2010 | In this case, the | |
2011 | .Nm zpool Cm remove | |
2012 | command initiates the removal and returns, while the evacuation continues in | |
2013 | the background. | |
2014 | The removal progress can be monitored with | |
7c9a4292 BB |
2015 | .Nm zpool Cm status . |
2016 | If an IO error is encountered during the removal process it will be | |
2017 | cancelled. The | |
2ced3cf0 BB |
2018 | .Sy device_removal |
2019 | feature flag must be enabled to remove a top-level vdev, see | |
2020 | .Xr zpool-features 5 . | |
a1d477c2 MA |
2021 | .Pp |
2022 | A mirrored top-level device (log or data) can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the | |
2023 | same. | |
2024 | Non-log devices or data devices that are part of a mirrored configuration can be removed using | |
cda0317e GM |
2025 | the |
2026 | .Nm zpool Cm detach | |
2027 | command. | |
a1d477c2 MA |
2028 | .Bl -tag -width Ds |
2029 | .It Fl n | |
2030 | Do not actually perform the removal ("no-op"). | |
2031 | Instead, print the estimated amount of memory that will be used by the | |
2032 | mapping table after the removal completes. | |
2033 | This is nonzero only for top-level vdevs. | |
2034 | .El | |
2035 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2036 | .It Fl p | |
2037 | Used in conjunction with the | |
2038 | .Fl n | |
2039 | flag, displays numbers as parsable (exact) values. | |
2040 | .El | |
2041 | .It Xo | |
2042 | .Nm | |
2043 | .Cm remove | |
2044 | .Fl s | |
2045 | .Ar pool | |
2046 | .Xc | |
2047 | Stops and cancels an in-progress removal of a top-level vdev. | |
cda0317e GM |
2048 | .It Xo |
2049 | .Nm | |
2050 | .Cm replace | |
2051 | .Op Fl f | |
2052 | .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
2053 | .Ar pool Ar device Op Ar new_device | |
2054 | .Xc | |
2055 | Replaces | |
2056 | .Ar old_device | |
2057 | with | |
2058 | .Ar new_device . | |
2059 | This is equivalent to attaching | |
2060 | .Ar new_device , | |
2061 | waiting for it to resilver, and then detaching | |
2062 | .Ar old_device . | |
2063 | .Pp | |
2064 | The size of | |
2065 | .Ar new_device | |
2066 | must be greater than or equal to the minimum size of all the devices in a mirror | |
2067 | or raidz configuration. | |
2068 | .Pp | |
2069 | .Ar new_device | |
2070 | is required if the pool is not redundant. | |
2071 | If | |
2072 | .Ar new_device | |
2073 | is not specified, it defaults to | |
2074 | .Ar old_device . | |
2075 | This form of replacement is useful after an existing disk has failed and has | |
2076 | been physically replaced. | |
2077 | In this case, the new disk may have the same | |
2078 | .Pa /dev | |
2079 | path as the old device, even though it is actually a different disk. | |
2080 | ZFS recognizes this. | |
2081 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2082 | .It Fl f | |
2083 | Forces use of | |
2084 | .Ar new_device , | |
2085 | even if its appears to be in use. | |
2086 | Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. | |
2087 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
2088 | Sets the given pool properties. See the | |
2089 | .Sx Properties | |
2090 | section for a list of valid properties that can be set. | |
2091 | The only property supported at the moment is | |
2092 | .Sy ashift . | |
2093 | .El | |
2094 | .It Xo | |
2095 | .Nm | |
2096 | .Cm scrub | |
0ea05c64 | 2097 | .Op Fl s | Fl p |
cda0317e GM |
2098 | .Ar pool Ns ... |
2099 | .Xc | |
0ea05c64 | 2100 | Begins a scrub or resumes a paused scrub. |
cda0317e GM |
2101 | The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify that it checksums |
2102 | correctly. | |
2103 | For replicated | |
2104 | .Pq mirror or raidz | |
2105 | devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub. | |
2106 | The | |
2107 | .Nm zpool Cm status | |
2108 | command reports the progress of the scrub and summarizes the results of the | |
2109 | scrub upon completion. | |
2110 | .Pp | |
2111 | Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations. | |
2112 | The difference is that resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out | |
2113 | of date | |
2114 | .Po | |
2115 | for example, when attaching a new device to a mirror or replacing an existing | |
2116 | device | |
2117 | .Pc , | |
2118 | whereas scrubbing examines all data to discover silent errors due to hardware | |
2119 | faults or disk failure. | |
2120 | .Pp | |
2121 | Because scrubbing and resilvering are I/O-intensive operations, ZFS only allows | |
2122 | one at a time. | |
0ea05c64 | 2123 | If a scrub is paused, the |
cda0317e | 2124 | .Nm zpool Cm scrub |
0ea05c64 | 2125 | resumes it. |
cda0317e GM |
2126 | If a resilver is in progress, ZFS does not allow a scrub to be started until the |
2127 | resilver completes. | |
2128 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2129 | .It Fl s | |
058ac9ba | 2130 | Stop scrubbing. |
cda0317e | 2131 | .El |
0ea05c64 AP |
2132 | .Bl -tag -width Ds |
2133 | .It Fl p | |
2134 | Pause scrubbing. | |
e4b6b2db AP |
2135 | Scrub pause state and progress are periodically synced to disk. |
2136 | If the system is restarted or pool is exported during a paused scrub, | |
2137 | even after import, scrub will remain paused until it is resumed. | |
2138 | Once resumed the scrub will pick up from the place where it was last | |
2139 | checkpointed to disk. | |
0ea05c64 AP |
2140 | To resume a paused scrub issue |
2141 | .Nm zpool Cm scrub | |
2142 | again. | |
2143 | .El | |
cda0317e GM |
2144 | .It Xo |
2145 | .Nm | |
80a91e74 TC |
2146 | .Cm resilver |
2147 | .Ar pool Ns ... | |
2148 | .Xc | |
2149 | Starts a resilver. If an existing resilver is already running it will be | |
2150 | restarted from the beginning. Any drives that were scheduled for a deferred | |
2151 | resilver will be added to the new one. | |
2152 | .It Xo | |
2153 | .Nm | |
cda0317e GM |
2154 | .Cm set |
2155 | .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value | |
2156 | .Ar pool | |
2157 | .Xc | |
2158 | Sets the given property on the specified pool. | |
2159 | See the | |
2160 | .Sx Properties | |
2161 | section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable | |
2162 | values. | |
2163 | .It Xo | |
2164 | .Nm | |
2165 | .Cm split | |
b5256303 | 2166 | .Op Fl gLlnP |
cda0317e GM |
2167 | .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... |
2168 | .Op Fl R Ar root | |
2169 | .Ar pool newpool | |
2170 | .Op Ar device ... | |
2171 | .Xc | |
2172 | Splits devices off | |
2173 | .Ar pool | |
2174 | creating | |
2175 | .Ar newpool . | |
2176 | All vdevs in | |
2177 | .Ar pool | |
2178 | must be mirrors and the pool must not be in the process of resilvering. | |
2179 | At the time of the split, | |
2180 | .Ar newpool | |
2181 | will be a replica of | |
2182 | .Ar pool . | |
2183 | By default, the | |
2184 | last device in each mirror is split from | |
2185 | .Ar pool | |
2186 | to create | |
2187 | .Ar newpool . | |
2188 | .Pp | |
2189 | The optional device specification causes the specified device(s) to be | |
2190 | included in the new | |
2191 | .Ar pool | |
2192 | and, should any devices remain unspecified, | |
2193 | the last device in each mirror is used as would be by default. | |
2194 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2195 | .It Fl g | |
2196 | Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs | |
2197 | can be used in place of device names for the zpool | |
2198 | detach/offline/remove/replace commands. | |
2199 | .It Fl L | |
2200 | Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can | |
2201 | be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the | |
2202 | .Pa /dev/disk/ | |
2203 | path used to open it. | |
b5256303 TC |
2204 | .It Fl l |
2205 | Indicates that this command will request encryption keys for all encrypted | |
2206 | datasets it attempts to mount as it is bringing the new pool online. Note that | |
2207 | if any datasets have a | |
2208 | .Sy keylocation | |
2209 | of | |
2210 | .Sy prompt | |
2211 | this command will block waiting for the keys to be entered. Without this flag | |
2212 | encrypted datasets will be left unavailable until the keys are loaded. | |
cda0317e GM |
2213 | .It Fl n |
2214 | Do dry run, do not actually perform the split. | |
2215 | Print out the expected configuration of | |
2216 | .Ar newpool . | |
2217 | .It Fl P | |
2218 | Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of | |
2219 | the path. This can be used in conjunction with the | |
85912983 | 2220 | .Fl L |
2221 | flag. | |
cda0317e GM |
2222 | .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value |
2223 | Sets the specified property for | |
2224 | .Ar newpool . | |
2225 | See the | |
2226 | .Sx Properties | |
2227 | section for more information on the available pool properties. | |
2228 | .It Fl R Ar root | |
2229 | Set | |
2230 | .Sy altroot | |
2231 | for | |
2232 | .Ar newpool | |
2233 | to | |
2234 | .Ar root | |
2235 | and automatically import it. | |
2236 | .El | |
2237 | .It Xo | |
2238 | .Nm | |
2239 | .Cm status | |
7a8ed6b8 | 2240 | .Op Fl c Op Ar SCRIPT1 Ns Oo , Ns Ar SCRIPT2 Oc Ns ... |
a769fb53 | 2241 | .Op Fl DigLpPsvx |
cda0317e GM |
2242 | .Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d |
2243 | .Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ... | |
2244 | .Op Ar interval Op Ar count | |
2245 | .Xc | |
2246 | Displays the detailed health status for the given pools. | |
2247 | If no | |
2248 | .Ar pool | |
2249 | is specified, then the status of each pool in the system is displayed. | |
2250 | For more information on pool and device health, see the | |
2251 | .Sx Device Failure and Recovery | |
2252 | section. | |
2253 | .Pp | |
2254 | If a scrub or resilver is in progress, this command reports the percentage done | |
2255 | and the estimated time to completion. | |
2256 | Both of these are only approximate, because the amount of data in the pool and | |
2257 | the other workloads on the system can change. | |
2258 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
7a8ed6b8 | 2259 | .It Fl c Op Ar SCRIPT1 Ns Oo , Ns Ar SCRIPT2 Oc Ns ... |
cda0317e GM |
2260 | Run a script (or scripts) on each vdev and include the output as a new column |
2261 | in the | |
2262 | .Nm zpool Cm status | |
2263 | output. See the | |
2264 | .Fl c | |
2265 | option of | |
2266 | .Nm zpool Cm iostat | |
2267 | for complete details. | |
a769fb53 BB |
2268 | .It Fl i |
2269 | Display vdev initialization status. | |
cda0317e GM |
2270 | .It Fl g |
2271 | Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs | |
2272 | can be used in place of device names for the zpool | |
2273 | detach/offline/remove/replace commands. | |
2274 | .It Fl L | |
2275 | Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can | |
2276 | be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the | |
2277 | .Pa /dev/disk/ | |
2278 | path used to open it. | |
ad796b8a TH |
2279 | .It Fl p |
2280 | Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. | |
f4ae39a1 BB |
2281 | .It Fl P |
2282 | Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of | |
2283 | the path. This can be used in conjunction with the | |
85912983 | 2284 | .Fl L |
2285 | flag. | |
cda0317e GM |
2286 | .It Fl D |
2287 | Display a histogram of deduplication statistics, showing the allocated | |
2288 | .Pq physically present on disk | |
2289 | and referenced | |
2290 | .Pq logically referenced in the pool | |
2291 | block counts and sizes by reference count. | |
ad796b8a TH |
2292 | .It Fl s |
2293 | Display the number of leaf VDEV slow IOs. This is the number of IOs that | |
2294 | didn't complete in \fBzio_slow_io_ms\fR milliseconds (default 30 seconds). | |
2295 | This does not necessarily mean the IOs failed to complete, just took an | |
2296 | unreasonably long amount of time. This may indicate a problem with the | |
2297 | underlying storage. | |
cda0317e | 2298 | .It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d |
2e2ddc30 | 2299 | Display a time stamp. |
cda0317e | 2300 | Specify |
f23b0242 | 2301 | .Sy u |
cda0317e GM |
2302 | for a printed representation of the internal representation of time. |
2303 | See | |
2304 | .Xr time 2 . | |
2305 | Specify | |
f23b0242 | 2306 | .Sy d |
cda0317e GM |
2307 | for standard date format. |
2308 | See | |
2309 | .Xr date 1 . | |
2310 | .It Fl v | |
2311 | Displays verbose data error information, printing out a complete list of all | |
2312 | data errors since the last complete pool scrub. | |
2313 | .It Fl x | |
2314 | Only display status for pools that are exhibiting errors or are otherwise | |
2315 | unavailable. | |
2316 | Warnings about pools not using the latest on-disk format will not be included. | |
2317 | .El | |
2318 | .It Xo | |
2319 | .Nm | |
2320 | .Cm sync | |
2321 | .Op Ar pool ... | |
2322 | .Xc | |
2323 | This command forces all in-core dirty data to be written to the primary | |
2324 | pool storage and not the ZIL. It will also update administrative | |
2325 | information including quota reporting. Without arguments, | |
2326 | .Sy zpool sync | |
2327 | will sync all pools on the system. Otherwise, it will sync only the | |
2328 | specified pool(s). | |
2329 | .It Xo | |
2330 | .Nm | |
2331 | .Cm upgrade | |
2332 | .Xc | |
2333 | Displays pools which do not have all supported features enabled and pools | |
2334 | formatted using a legacy ZFS version number. | |
2335 | These pools can continue to be used, but some features may not be available. | |
2336 | Use | |
2337 | .Nm zpool Cm upgrade Fl a | |
2338 | to enable all features on all pools. | |
2339 | .It Xo | |
2340 | .Nm | |
2341 | .Cm upgrade | |
2342 | .Fl v | |
2343 | .Xc | |
2344 | Displays legacy ZFS versions supported by the current software. | |
2345 | See | |
2346 | .Xr zpool-features 5 | |
2347 | for a description of feature flags features supported by the current software. | |
2348 | .It Xo | |
2349 | .Nm | |
2350 | .Cm upgrade | |
2351 | .Op Fl V Ar version | |
2352 | .Fl a Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns ... | |
2353 | .Xc | |
2354 | Enables all supported features on the given pool. | |
2355 | Once this is done, the pool will no longer be accessible on systems that do not | |
2356 | support feature flags. | |
2357 | See | |
9d489ab3 | 2358 | .Xr zpool-features 5 |
cda0317e GM |
2359 | for details on compatibility with systems that support feature flags, but do not |
2360 | support all features enabled on the pool. | |
2361 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2362 | .It Fl a | |
b9b24bb4 | 2363 | Enables all supported features on all pools. |
cda0317e GM |
2364 | .It Fl V Ar version |
2365 | Upgrade to the specified legacy version. | |
2366 | If the | |
2367 | .Fl V | |
2368 | flag is specified, no features will be enabled on the pool. | |
2369 | This option can only be used to increase the version number up to the last | |
2370 | supported legacy version number. | |
2371 | .El | |
2372 | .El | |
2373 | .Sh EXIT STATUS | |
2374 | The following exit values are returned: | |
2375 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2376 | .It Sy 0 | |
2377 | Successful completion. | |
2378 | .It Sy 1 | |
2379 | An error occurred. | |
2380 | .It Sy 2 | |
2381 | Invalid command line options were specified. | |
2382 | .El | |
2383 | .Sh EXAMPLES | |
2384 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | |
2385 | .It Sy Example 1 No Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool | |
2386 | The following command creates a pool with a single raidz root vdev that | |
2387 | consists of six disks. | |
2388 | .Bd -literal | |
2389 | # zpool create tank raidz sda sdb sdc sdd sde sdf | |
2390 | .Ed | |
2391 | .It Sy Example 2 No Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool | |
2392 | The following command creates a pool with two mirrors, where each mirror | |
2393 | contains two disks. | |
2394 | .Bd -literal | |
2395 | # zpool create tank mirror sda sdb mirror sdc sdd | |
2396 | .Ed | |
2397 | .It Sy Example 3 No Creating a ZFS Storage Pool by Using Partitions | |
54e5f226 | 2398 | The following command creates an unmirrored pool using two disk partitions. |
cda0317e GM |
2399 | .Bd -literal |
2400 | # zpool create tank sda1 sdb2 | |
2401 | .Ed | |
2402 | .It Sy Example 4 No Creating a ZFS Storage Pool by Using Files | |
2403 | The following command creates an unmirrored pool using files. | |
2404 | While not recommended, a pool based on files can be useful for experimental | |
2405 | purposes. | |
2406 | .Bd -literal | |
2407 | # zpool create tank /path/to/file/a /path/to/file/b | |
2408 | .Ed | |
2409 | .It Sy Example 5 No Adding a Mirror to a ZFS Storage Pool | |
2410 | The following command adds two mirrored disks to the pool | |
2411 | .Em tank , | |
2412 | assuming the pool is already made up of two-way mirrors. | |
2413 | The additional space is immediately available to any datasets within the pool. | |
2414 | .Bd -literal | |
2415 | # zpool add tank mirror sda sdb | |
2416 | .Ed | |
2417 | .It Sy Example 6 No Listing Available ZFS Storage Pools | |
2418 | The following command lists all available pools on the system. | |
2419 | In this case, the pool | |
2420 | .Em zion | |
2421 | is faulted due to a missing device. | |
058ac9ba | 2422 | The results from this command are similar to the following: |
cda0317e GM |
2423 | .Bd -literal |
2424 | # zpool list | |
d72cd017 TK |
2425 | NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT |
2426 | rpool 19.9G 8.43G 11.4G - 33% 42% 1.00x ONLINE - | |
2427 | tank 61.5G 20.0G 41.5G - 48% 32% 1.00x ONLINE - | |
2428 | zion - - - - - - - FAULTED - | |
cda0317e GM |
2429 | .Ed |
2430 | .It Sy Example 7 No Destroying a ZFS Storage Pool | |
2431 | The following command destroys the pool | |
2432 | .Em tank | |
2433 | and any datasets contained within. | |
2434 | .Bd -literal | |
2435 | # zpool destroy -f tank | |
2436 | .Ed | |
2437 | .It Sy Example 8 No Exporting a ZFS Storage Pool | |
2438 | The following command exports the devices in pool | |
2439 | .Em tank | |
2440 | so that they can be relocated or later imported. | |
2441 | .Bd -literal | |
2442 | # zpool export tank | |
2443 | .Ed | |
2444 | .It Sy Example 9 No Importing a ZFS Storage Pool | |
2445 | The following command displays available pools, and then imports the pool | |
2446 | .Em tank | |
2447 | for use on the system. | |
058ac9ba | 2448 | The results from this command are similar to the following: |
cda0317e GM |
2449 | .Bd -literal |
2450 | # zpool import | |
058ac9ba BB |
2451 | pool: tank |
2452 | id: 15451357997522795478 | |
2453 | state: ONLINE | |
2454 | action: The pool can be imported using its name or numeric identifier. | |
2455 | config: | |
2456 | ||
2457 | tank ONLINE | |
2458 | mirror ONLINE | |
54e5f226 RL |
2459 | sda ONLINE |
2460 | sdb ONLINE | |
058ac9ba | 2461 | |
cda0317e GM |
2462 | # zpool import tank |
2463 | .Ed | |
2464 | .It Sy Example 10 No Upgrading All ZFS Storage Pools to the Current Version | |
2465 | The following command upgrades all ZFS Storage pools to the current version of | |
2466 | the software. | |
2467 | .Bd -literal | |
2468 | # zpool upgrade -a | |
2469 | This system is currently running ZFS version 2. | |
2470 | .Ed | |
2471 | .It Sy Example 11 No Managing Hot Spares | |
058ac9ba | 2472 | The following command creates a new pool with an available hot spare: |
cda0317e GM |
2473 | .Bd -literal |
2474 | # zpool create tank mirror sda sdb spare sdc | |
2475 | .Ed | |
2476 | .Pp | |
2477 | If one of the disks were to fail, the pool would be reduced to the degraded | |
2478 | state. | |
2479 | The failed device can be replaced using the following command: | |
2480 | .Bd -literal | |
2481 | # zpool replace tank sda sdd | |
2482 | .Ed | |
2483 | .Pp | |
2484 | Once the data has been resilvered, the spare is automatically removed and is | |
7c9abcf8 | 2485 | made available for use should another device fail. |
cda0317e GM |
2486 | The hot spare can be permanently removed from the pool using the following |
2487 | command: | |
2488 | .Bd -literal | |
2489 | # zpool remove tank sdc | |
2490 | .Ed | |
2491 | .It Sy Example 12 No Creating a ZFS Pool with Mirrored Separate Intent Logs | |
2492 | The following command creates a ZFS storage pool consisting of two, two-way | |
2493 | mirrors and mirrored log devices: | |
2494 | .Bd -literal | |
2495 | # zpool create pool mirror sda sdb mirror sdc sdd log mirror \\ | |
2496 | sde sdf | |
2497 | .Ed | |
2498 | .It Sy Example 13 No Adding Cache Devices to a ZFS Pool | |
2499 | The following command adds two disks for use as cache devices to a ZFS storage | |
2500 | pool: | |
2501 | .Bd -literal | |
2502 | # zpool add pool cache sdc sdd | |
2503 | .Ed | |
2504 | .Pp | |
2505 | Once added, the cache devices gradually fill with content from main memory. | |
2506 | Depending on the size of your cache devices, it could take over an hour for | |
2507 | them to fill. | |
2508 | Capacity and reads can be monitored using the | |
2509 | .Cm iostat | |
2510 | option as follows: | |
2511 | .Bd -literal | |
2512 | # zpool iostat -v pool 5 | |
2513 | .Ed | |
a1d477c2 MA |
2514 | .It Sy Example 14 No Removing a Mirrored top-level (Log or Data) Device |
2515 | The following commands remove the mirrored log device | |
2516 | .Sy mirror-2 | |
2517 | and mirrored top-level data device | |
2518 | .Sy mirror-1 . | |
2519 | .Pp | |
058ac9ba | 2520 | Given this configuration: |
cda0317e GM |
2521 | .Bd -literal |
2522 | pool: tank | |
2523 | state: ONLINE | |
2524 | scrub: none requested | |
058ac9ba BB |
2525 | config: |
2526 | ||
2527 | NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM | |
2528 | tank ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
2529 | mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
54e5f226 RL |
2530 | sda ONLINE 0 0 0 |
2531 | sdb ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
058ac9ba | 2532 | mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 |
54e5f226 RL |
2533 | sdc ONLINE 0 0 0 |
2534 | sdd ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
058ac9ba BB |
2535 | logs |
2536 | mirror-2 ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
54e5f226 RL |
2537 | sde ONLINE 0 0 0 |
2538 | sdf ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
cda0317e GM |
2539 | .Ed |
2540 | .Pp | |
2541 | The command to remove the mirrored log | |
2542 | .Sy mirror-2 | |
2543 | is: | |
2544 | .Bd -literal | |
2545 | # zpool remove tank mirror-2 | |
2546 | .Ed | |
a1d477c2 MA |
2547 | .Pp |
2548 | The command to remove the mirrored data | |
2549 | .Sy mirror-1 | |
2550 | is: | |
2551 | .Bd -literal | |
2552 | # zpool remove tank mirror-1 | |
2553 | .Ed | |
cda0317e GM |
2554 | .It Sy Example 15 No Displaying expanded space on a device |
2555 | The following command displays the detailed information for the pool | |
2556 | .Em data . | |
2557 | This pool is comprised of a single raidz vdev where one of its devices | |
2558 | increased its capacity by 10GB. | |
2559 | In this example, the pool will not be able to utilize this extra capacity until | |
2560 | all the devices under the raidz vdev have been expanded. | |
2561 | .Bd -literal | |
2562 | # zpool list -v data | |
d72cd017 TK |
2563 | NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT |
2564 | data 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G - 48% 61% 1.00x ONLINE - | |
2565 | raidz1 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G - 48% | |
2566 | sda - - - - - | |
2567 | sdb - - - 10G - | |
2568 | sdc - - - - - | |
cda0317e GM |
2569 | .Ed |
2570 | .It Sy Example 16 No Adding output columns | |
2571 | Additional columns can be added to the | |
2572 | .Nm zpool Cm status | |
2573 | and | |
2574 | .Nm zpool Cm iostat | |
2575 | output with | |
2576 | .Fl c | |
2577 | option. | |
2578 | .Bd -literal | |
2579 | # zpool status -c vendor,model,size | |
2580 | NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM vendor model size | |
2581 | tank ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
2582 | mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 | |
2583 | U1 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T | |
2584 | U10 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T | |
2585 | U11 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T | |
2586 | U12 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T | |
2587 | U13 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T | |
2588 | U14 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T | |
2589 | ||
2590 | # zpool iostat -vc slaves | |
2591 | capacity operations bandwidth | |
2592 | pool alloc free read write read write slaves | |
2593 | ---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --------- | |
2594 | tank 20.4G 7.23T 26 152 20.7M 21.6M | |
2595 | mirror 20.4G 7.23T 26 152 20.7M 21.6M | |
2596 | U1 - - 0 31 1.46K 20.6M sdb sdff | |
2597 | U10 - - 0 1 3.77K 13.3K sdas sdgw | |
2598 | U11 - - 0 1 288K 13.3K sdat sdgx | |
2599 | U12 - - 0 1 78.4K 13.3K sdau sdgy | |
2600 | U13 - - 0 1 128K 13.3K sdav sdgz | |
2601 | U14 - - 0 1 63.2K 13.3K sdfk sdg | |
2602 | .Ed | |
2603 | .El | |
2604 | .Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | |
2605 | .Bl -tag -width "ZFS_ABORT" | |
2606 | .It Ev ZFS_ABORT | |
2607 | Cause | |
2608 | .Nm zpool | |
2609 | to dump core on exit for the purposes of running | |
90cdf283 | 2610 | .Sy ::findleaks . |
cda0317e GM |
2611 | .El |
2612 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH" | |
2613 | .It Ev ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH | |
2614 | The search path for devices or files to use with the pool. This is a colon-separated list of directories in which | |
2615 | .Nm zpool | |
2616 | looks for device nodes and files. | |
2617 | Similar to the | |
2618 | .Fl d | |
2619 | option in | |
2620 | .Nm zpool import . | |
2621 | .El | |
2622 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_GUID" | |
2623 | .It Ev ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_GUID | |
2624 | Cause | |
2625 | .Nm zpool subcommands to output vdev guids by default. This behavior | |
2626 | is identical to the | |
2627 | .Nm zpool status -g | |
2628 | command line option. | |
2629 | .El | |
2630 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_FOLLOW_LINKS" | |
2631 | .It Ev ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_FOLLOW_LINKS | |
2632 | Cause | |
2633 | .Nm zpool | |
2634 | subcommands to follow links for vdev names by default. This behavior is identical to the | |
2635 | .Nm zpool status -L | |
2636 | command line option. | |
2637 | .El | |
2638 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH" | |
2639 | .It Ev ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH | |
2640 | Cause | |
2641 | .Nm zpool | |
2642 | subcommands to output full vdev path names by default. This | |
2643 | behavior is identical to the | |
2644 | .Nm zpool status -p | |
2645 | command line option. | |
2646 | .El | |
2647 | .Bl -tag -width "ZFS_VDEV_DEVID_OPT_OUT" | |
2648 | .It Ev ZFS_VDEV_DEVID_OPT_OUT | |
39fc0cb5 | 2649 | Older ZFS on Linux implementations had issues when attempting to display pool |
cda0317e GM |
2650 | config VDEV names if a |
2651 | .Sy devid | |
2652 | NVP value is present in the pool's config. | |
2653 | .Pp | |
39fc0cb5 | 2654 | For example, a pool that originated on illumos platform would have a devid |
cda0317e GM |
2655 | value in the config and |
2656 | .Nm zpool status | |
2657 | would fail when listing the config. | |
39fc0cb5 | 2658 | This would also be true for future Linux based pools. |
cda0317e GM |
2659 | .Pp |
2660 | A pool can be stripped of any | |
2661 | .Sy devid | |
2662 | values on import or prevented from adding | |
2663 | them on | |
2664 | .Nm zpool create | |
2665 | or | |
2666 | .Nm zpool add | |
2667 | by setting | |
2668 | .Sy ZFS_VDEV_DEVID_OPT_OUT . | |
2669 | .El | |
2670 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_AS_ROOT" | |
2671 | .It Ev ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_AS_ROOT | |
7a8ed6b8 | 2672 | Allow a privileged user to run the |
cda0317e GM |
2673 | .Nm zpool status/iostat |
2674 | with the | |
2675 | .Fl c | |
7a8ed6b8 | 2676 | option. Normally, only unprivileged users are allowed to run |
cda0317e GM |
2677 | .Fl c . |
2678 | .El | |
2679 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_PATH" | |
2680 | .It Ev ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_PATH | |
2681 | The search path for scripts when running | |
2682 | .Nm zpool status/iostat | |
2683 | with the | |
2684 | .Fl c | |
099700d9 | 2685 | option. This is a colon-separated list of directories and overrides the default |
cda0317e GM |
2686 | .Pa ~/.zpool.d |
2687 | and | |
2688 | .Pa /etc/zfs/zpool.d | |
2689 | search paths. | |
2690 | .El | |
2691 | .Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_ENABLED" | |
2692 | .It Ev ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_ENABLED | |
2693 | Allow a user to run | |
2694 | .Nm zpool status/iostat | |
2695 | with the | |
2696 | .Fl c | |
2697 | option. If | |
2698 | .Sy ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_ENABLED | |
2699 | is not set, it is assumed that the user is allowed to run | |
2700 | .Nm zpool status/iostat -c . | |
90cdf283 | 2701 | .El |
cda0317e GM |
2702 | .Sh INTERFACE STABILITY |
2703 | .Sy Evolving | |
2704 | .Sh SEE ALSO | |
cda0317e GM |
2705 | .Xr zfs-events 5 , |
2706 | .Xr zfs-module-parameters 5 , | |
90cdf283 | 2707 | .Xr zpool-features 5 , |
2708 | .Xr zed 8 , | |
2709 | .Xr zfs 8 |