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e71b5d0d | 1 | Installing Proxmox VE |
6b5fc47b | 2 | ===================== |
194d2f29 | 3 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 4 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 DM |
5 | endif::manvolnum[] |
6 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
cb84ed18 | 7 | :title: Installation |
5f09af76 DM |
8 | endif::wiki[] |
9 | ||
2d99ce9b DM |
10 | {pve} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM |
11 | which includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as | |
12 | well as all necessary {pve} packages. | |
13 | ||
14 | The installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local | |
115aef16 | 15 | disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system |
d91f8c1e | 16 | including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system |
2d99ce9b DM |
17 | within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended |
18 | installation method. | |
d91f8c1e | 19 | |
2d99ce9b DM |
20 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian |
21 | system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since | |
22 | detail knowledge about {pve} is necessary. | |
d91f8c1e | 23 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
24 | ifndef::wiki[] |
25 | ||
26 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
27 | ||
28 | endif::wiki[] | |
29 | ||
5eba0743 | 30 | |
d91f8c1e | 31 | Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM |
6b5fc47b | 32 | ----------------------------------- |
d91f8c1e | 33 | |
459d5f13 OB |
34 | You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads. |
35 | It includes the following: | |
115aef16 | 36 | |
e69c1847 DM |
37 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) |
38 | ||
2d99ce9b DM |
39 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the hard drive(s) with ext4, |
40 | ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
e69c1847 | 41 | |
2d99ce9b | 42 | * {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support |
e69c1847 DM |
43 | |
44 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and | |
45 | all necessary resources | |
46 | ||
a1856f27 | 47 | * Web based management interface for using the toolset |
115aef16 | 48 | |
459d5f13 OB |
49 | NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server |
50 | is used by default and all existing data is removed. | |
078924cd | 51 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 52 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 53 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
54 | Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that |
55 | drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu | |
56 | options: | |
57 | ||
58 | Install Proxmox VE:: | |
59 | ||
60 | Start normal installation. | |
61 | ||
1a5554fc TL |
62 | TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the |
63 | installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT` | |
64 | key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button. | |
00c6976d | 65 | For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. |
1a5554fc | 66 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
67 | Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: |
68 | ||
69 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
70 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
71 | wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
72 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
73 | general use. | |
74 | ||
75 | Rescue Boot:: | |
76 | ||
77 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
f77a3c10 | 78 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, |
d91f8c1e DM |
79 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This |
80 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
81 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
82 | ||
83 | Test Memory:: | |
84 | ||
d7495642 | 85 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is |
d91f8c1e DM |
86 | functional and error free. |
87 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 88 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 89 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
90 | You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. |
91 | After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The | |
8e4bb261 | 92 | `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which |
8c1189b6 FG |
93 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, |
94 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
d91f8c1e DM |
95 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) |
96 | ||
71280de0 SI |
97 | You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID |
98 | levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID | |
99 | controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and | |
100 | you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see | |
101 | <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
d91f8c1e | 102 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 103 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b DM |
104 | |
105 | The next page just ask for basic configuration options like your | |
106 | location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to | |
107 | select a download server near you to speedup updates. The installer is | |
108 | usually able to auto detect those setting, so you only need to change | |
109 | them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to | |
110 | use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. | |
111 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 112 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] |
2d99ce9b DM |
113 | |
114 | You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) | |
115 | password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly | |
116 | recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: | |
117 | ||
118 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
119 | ||
120 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. | |
121 | ||
122 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, | |
123 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, | |
124 | romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g., | |
125 | ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates). | |
126 | ||
127 | It is sometimes necessary to send notification to the system | |
128 | administrator, for example: | |
129 | ||
130 | - Information about available package updates. | |
131 | ||
132 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
133 | ||
134 | All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email | |
135 | address. | |
136 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 137 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] |
d91f8c1e DM |
138 | |
139 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can | |
140 | use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a | |
141 | dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. | |
142 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 143 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 144 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
145 | If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and |
146 | copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, | |
147 | then reboot the server. | |
148 | ||
149 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just | |
150 | point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
69255fd2 | 151 | (https://youripaddress:8006). |
d91f8c1e | 152 | |
fe6c04d5 DM |
153 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is |
154 | defined during the installation process. | |
155 | ||
d91f8c1e DM |
156 | |
157 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
5eba0743 | 158 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options |
6b5fc47b | 159 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e DM |
160 | |
161 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional | |
162 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of | |
163 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
164 | ||
165 | `hdsize`:: | |
166 | ||
167 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
168 | space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
169 | and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
170 | ||
171 | `swapsize`:: | |
172 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
173 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the |
174 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
175 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
176 | + |
177 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
178 | |
179 | `maxroot`:: | |
180 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
181 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation |
182 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
183 | |
184 | `maxvz`:: | |
185 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
186 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` |
187 | volume is: | |
188 | + | |
189 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
190 | + | |
191 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
192 | + |
193 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` | |
194 | is bigger than 4GB. | |
195 | + | |
196 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
197 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
198 | |
199 | `minfree`:: | |
200 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
201 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. |
202 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` | |
203 | will be used. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
204 | + |
205 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
206 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
207 | ||
71280de0 SI |
208 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] |
209 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
210 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
211 | The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is | |
212 | created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create | |
213 | a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems | |
214 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). | |
215 | ||
216 | `ashift`:: | |
217 | ||
218 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs | |
219 | to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to | |
220 | the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk, | |
221 | which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk). | |
222 | ||
223 | `compress`:: | |
224 | ||
225 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
226 | ||
227 | `checksum`:: | |
228 | ||
229 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
230 | ||
231 | `copies`:: | |
232 | ||
233 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
234 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
235 | ||
236 | `hdsize`:: | |
237 | ||
238 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
239 | space on the HD for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition). | |
240 | ||
d91f8c1e DM |
241 | |
242 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
6b5fc47b | 243 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 244 | |
cdf58596 WL |
245 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you |
246 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
247 | RAW disk space. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
248 | |
249 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
250 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
251 | installation using the following command: | |
252 | ||
253 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
254 | ||
078924cd DM |
255 | |
256 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
257 | ||
acb3e8d7 DM |
258 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] |
259 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
078924cd | 260 | |
5c6cf7ac DM |
261 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] |
262 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
263 | ||
078924cd DM |
264 | endif::wiki[] |
265 | ||
266 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
267 | ||
268 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
6b5fc47b | 269 | ----------------------- |
078924cd | 270 | |
115aef16 | 271 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it |
0a37d38e | 272 | on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the |
078924cd DM |
273 | repositories, you need to run: |
274 | ||
275 | [source,bash] | |
276 | ---- | |
277 | apt-get update | |
278 | apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
279 | ---- | |
280 | ||
115aef16 FR |
281 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but |
282 | it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
283 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
284 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
285 | ||
286 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
287 | ZFS. | |
288 | ||
459d5f13 | 289 | You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the |
acb3e8d7 | 290 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. |
078924cd | 291 | |
5c6cf7ac | 292 | include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] |
078924cd | 293 | |
5c6cf7ac | 294 | endif::wiki[] |
078924cd | 295 | |
078924cd DM |
296 | ifdef::wiki[] |
297 | ||
298 | Video Tutorials | |
6b5fc47b | 299 | --------------- |
078924cd DM |
300 | |
301 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
302 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel] | |
303 | ||
304 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
305 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
306 | YouTube Play List] | |
307 | ||
308 | ||
309 | See Also | |
6b5fc47b | 310 | -------- |
078924cd | 311 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
312 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] |
313 | ||
078924cd DM |
314 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] |
315 | ||
316 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
317 | ||
318 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
319 | ||
e723066c DM |
320 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] |
321 | ||
078924cd | 322 | endif::wiki[] |