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e71b5d0d | 1 | Installing Proxmox VE |
6b5fc47b | 2 | ===================== |
194d2f29 | 3 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 4 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 DM |
5 | endif::manvolnum[] |
6 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
cb84ed18 | 7 | :title: Installation |
5f09af76 DM |
8 | endif::wiki[] |
9 | ||
2c6fed66 TM |
10 | {pve} is based on Debian, therefore the disk image (ISO file) provided |
11 | by us includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as | |
2d99ce9b DM |
12 | well as all necessary {pve} packages. |
13 | ||
2c6fed66 TM |
14 | Using the installer will guide you through the setup, allowing |
15 | you to partition the local disk(s), apply basic system configurations | |
16 | (e.g. timezone, language, network) and install all required packages. | |
17 | Using the provided ISO will get you started in just a few minutes, | |
18 | that's why we recommend this method for new and existing users. | |
d91f8c1e | 19 | |
2d99ce9b DM |
20 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian |
21 | system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since | |
2c6fed66 | 22 | detailed knowledge about {pve} is necessary. |
d91f8c1e | 23 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
24 | ifndef::wiki[] |
25 | ||
26 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
27 | ||
28 | endif::wiki[] | |
29 | ||
5eba0743 | 30 | |
2c6fed66 TM |
31 | Using the {pve} Installer |
32 | ------------------------- | |
d91f8c1e | 33 | |
459d5f13 OB |
34 | You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads. |
35 | It includes the following: | |
115aef16 | 36 | |
e69c1847 DM |
37 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) |
38 | ||
2c6fed66 | 39 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, |
2d99ce9b | 40 | ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. |
e69c1847 | 41 | |
2d99ce9b | 42 | * {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support |
e69c1847 DM |
43 | |
44 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and | |
45 | all necessary resources | |
46 | ||
a1856f27 | 47 | * Web based management interface for using the toolset |
115aef16 | 48 | |
459d5f13 OB |
49 | NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server |
50 | is used by default and all existing data is removed. | |
078924cd | 51 | |
3fecf41f | 52 | Please insert the installation media (e.g. USB stick, CD-ROM) and boot |
2c6fed66 TM |
53 | from it. |
54 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 55 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 56 | |
2c6fed66 TM |
57 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu |
58 | will be displayed, you can now select one of the following options: | |
d91f8c1e DM |
59 | |
60 | Install Proxmox VE:: | |
61 | ||
62 | Start normal installation. | |
63 | ||
1a5554fc TL |
64 | TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the |
65 | installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT` | |
66 | key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button. | |
00c6976d | 67 | For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. |
1a5554fc | 68 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
69 | Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: |
70 | ||
71 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
72 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
73 | wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
74 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
75 | general use. | |
76 | ||
77 | Rescue Boot:: | |
78 | ||
79 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
f77a3c10 | 80 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, |
d91f8c1e DM |
81 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This |
82 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
83 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
84 | ||
85 | Test Memory:: | |
86 | ||
d7495642 | 87 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is |
d91f8c1e DM |
88 | functional and error free. |
89 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 90 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 91 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
92 | You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. |
93 | After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The | |
8e4bb261 | 94 | `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which |
8c1189b6 FG |
95 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, |
96 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
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97 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) |
98 | ||
71280de0 SI |
99 | You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID |
100 | levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID | |
101 | controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and | |
102 | you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see | |
103 | <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
d91f8c1e | 104 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 105 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 106 | |
a22d7c24 | 107 | The next page just asks for basic configuration options like your |
2d99ce9b | 108 | location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to |
2c6fed66 TM |
109 | select a download server near you to speed up updates. The installer is |
110 | usually able to auto detect those settings, so you only need to change | |
2d99ce9b DM |
111 | them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to |
112 | use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. | |
113 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 114 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] |
2d99ce9b DM |
115 | |
116 | You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) | |
117 | password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly | |
118 | recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: | |
119 | ||
120 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
121 | ||
122 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. | |
123 | ||
124 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, | |
125 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, | |
126 | romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g., | |
127 | ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates). | |
128 | ||
2c6fed66 | 129 | It is sometimes necessary to send notifications to the system |
2d99ce9b DM |
130 | administrator, for example: |
131 | ||
132 | - Information about available package updates. | |
133 | ||
134 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
135 | ||
136 | All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email | |
137 | address. | |
138 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 139 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] |
d91f8c1e DM |
140 | |
141 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can | |
142 | use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a | |
143 | dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. | |
144 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 145 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 146 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
147 | If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and |
148 | copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, | |
2c6fed66 | 149 | then remove the installation media and restart your system. |
d91f8c1e DM |
150 | |
151 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just | |
152 | point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
69255fd2 | 153 | (https://youripaddress:8006). |
d91f8c1e | 154 | |
fe6c04d5 DM |
155 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is |
156 | defined during the installation process. | |
157 | ||
d91f8c1e DM |
158 | |
159 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
5eba0743 | 160 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options |
6b5fc47b | 161 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e DM |
162 | |
163 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional | |
164 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of | |
165 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
166 | ||
167 | `hdsize`:: | |
168 | ||
169 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
170 | space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
171 | and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
172 | ||
173 | `swapsize`:: | |
174 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
175 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the |
176 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
177 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
178 | + |
179 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
180 | |
181 | `maxroot`:: | |
182 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
183 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation |
184 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
185 | |
186 | `maxvz`:: | |
187 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
188 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` |
189 | volume is: | |
190 | + | |
191 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
192 | + | |
193 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
194 | + |
195 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` | |
196 | is bigger than 4GB. | |
197 | + | |
198 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
199 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
200 | |
201 | `minfree`:: | |
202 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
203 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. |
204 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` | |
205 | will be used. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
206 | + |
207 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
208 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
209 | ||
71280de0 SI |
210 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] |
211 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
212 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
213 | The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is | |
214 | created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create | |
215 | a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems | |
216 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). | |
217 | ||
218 | `ashift`:: | |
219 | ||
220 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs | |
221 | to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to | |
222 | the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk, | |
223 | which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk). | |
224 | ||
225 | `compress`:: | |
226 | ||
227 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
228 | ||
229 | `checksum`:: | |
230 | ||
231 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
232 | ||
233 | `copies`:: | |
234 | ||
235 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
236 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
237 | ||
238 | `hdsize`:: | |
239 | ||
240 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
a94a57d7 | 241 | space on the HD(s) for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition). |
947b5571 TL |
242 | `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, i.e., only the first disk or |
243 | mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
71280de0 | 244 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
245 | |
246 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
6b5fc47b | 247 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 248 | |
cdf58596 WL |
249 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you |
250 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
251 | RAW disk space. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
252 | |
253 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
254 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
255 | installation using the following command: | |
256 | ||
257 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
258 | ||
078924cd DM |
259 | |
260 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
261 | ||
5c6cf7ac DM |
262 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] |
263 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
264 | ||
2c6fed66 TM |
265 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] |
266 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
267 | ||
078924cd DM |
268 | endif::wiki[] |
269 | ||
270 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
271 | ||
2c6fed66 TM |
272 | include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] |
273 | ||
078924cd | 274 | Install {pve} on Debian |
6b5fc47b | 275 | ----------------------- |
078924cd | 276 | |
115aef16 | 277 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it |
b05a12f8 TL |
278 | on top of a standard Debian installation. |
279 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories], you | |
280 | need to run: | |
078924cd DM |
281 | |
282 | [source,bash] | |
283 | ---- | |
284 | apt-get update | |
285 | apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
286 | ---- | |
287 | ||
115aef16 FR |
288 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but |
289 | it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
290 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
291 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
292 | ||
293 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
294 | ZFS. | |
295 | ||
459d5f13 | 296 | You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the |
acb3e8d7 | 297 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. |
078924cd | 298 | |
078924cd | 299 | |
5c6cf7ac | 300 | endif::wiki[] |
078924cd | 301 | |
078924cd DM |
302 | ifdef::wiki[] |
303 | ||
304 | Video Tutorials | |
6b5fc47b | 305 | --------------- |
078924cd DM |
306 | |
307 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
308 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel] | |
309 | ||
310 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
311 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
312 | YouTube Play List] | |
313 | ||
314 | ||
315 | See Also | |
6b5fc47b | 316 | -------- |
078924cd | 317 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
318 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] |
319 | ||
078924cd DM |
320 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] |
321 | ||
322 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
323 | ||
324 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
325 | ||
e723066c DM |
326 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] |
327 | ||
078924cd | 328 | endif::wiki[] |