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9a6dc394 | 1 | [[chapter_installation]] |
32caab0e AL |
2 | Installing {pve} |
3 | ================ | |
194d2f29 | 4 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 5 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 DM |
6 | endif::manvolnum[] |
7 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
cb84ed18 | 8 | :title: Installation |
5f09af76 DM |
9 | endif::wiki[] |
10 | ||
32caab0e | 11 | {pve} is based on Debian. This is why the install disk images (ISO files) |
e5d3a235 | 12 | provided by Proxmox include a complete Debian system (Debian 10 Buster for |
32caab0e | 13 | {pve} version 6.x) as well as all necessary {pve} packages. |
2d99ce9b | 14 | |
32caab0e | 15 | The installer will guide through the setup, allowing you to partition the local |
9a6dc394 TL |
16 | disk(s), apply basic system configurations (for example, timezone, language, |
17 | network) and install all required packages. This process should not take more | |
18 | than a few minutes. Installing with the provided ISO is the recommended method | |
19 | for new and existing users. | |
d91f8c1e | 20 | |
32caab0e AL |
21 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. This |
22 | option is only recommended for advanced users because detailed knowledge about | |
23 | {pve} is required. | |
d91f8c1e | 24 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
25 | ifndef::wiki[] |
26 | ||
27 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
28 | ||
44ea3fd6 TL |
29 | include::pve-installation-media.adoc[] |
30 | ||
bc1c71d4 DM |
31 | endif::wiki[] |
32 | ||
5eba0743 | 33 | |
9a6dc394 | 34 | [[installation_installer]] |
2c6fed66 TM |
35 | Using the {pve} Installer |
36 | ------------------------- | |
d91f8c1e | 37 | |
44ea3fd6 | 38 | The installer ISO image includes the following: |
115aef16 | 39 | |
e69c1847 DM |
40 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) |
41 | ||
8f1c22b6 | 42 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, xfs |
d3e2455a | 43 | or ZFS and installs the operating system. |
e69c1847 | 44 | |
9a6dc394 | 45 | * {pve} Linux kernel with KVM and LXC support |
e69c1847 | 46 | |
9a6dc394 TL |
47 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers, the host |
48 | system, clusters and all necessary resources | |
e69c1847 | 49 | |
32caab0e | 50 | * Web-based management interface |
115aef16 | 51 | |
bc27b00c TL |
52 | NOTE: All existing data on the for installation selected drives will be removed |
53 | during the installation process. The installer does not add boot menu entries | |
54 | for other operating systems. | |
078924cd | 55 | |
44ea3fd6 TL |
56 | Please insert the xref:installation_prepare_media[prepared installation media] |
57 | (for example, USB flash drive or CD-ROM) and boot from it. | |
58 | ||
59 | TIP: Make sure that booting from the installation medium (for example, USB) is | |
60 | enabled in your servers firmware settings. | |
2c6fed66 | 61 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 62 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 63 | |
32caab0e AL |
64 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu will be |
65 | displayed and one of the following options can be selected: | |
d91f8c1e | 66 | |
32caab0e | 67 | Install {pve}:: |
d91f8c1e | 68 | |
32caab0e | 69 | Starts the normal installation. |
d91f8c1e | 70 | |
32caab0e AL |
71 | TIP: It's possible to use the installation wizard with a keyboard only. Buttons |
72 | can be clicked by pressing the `ALT` key combined with the underlined character | |
73 | from the respective button. For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
1a5554fc | 74 | |
32caab0e | 75 | Install {pve} (Debug mode):: |
d91f8c1e | 76 | |
32caab0e AL |
77 | Starts the installation in debug mode. A console will be opened at several |
78 | installation steps. This helps to debug the situation if something goes wrong. | |
8dc994f7 TL |
79 | To exit a debug console, press `CTRL-D`. This option can be used to boot a live |
80 | system with all basic tools available. You can use it, for example, to | |
81 | xref:chapter_zfs[repair a degraded ZFS 'rpool'] or fix the | |
82 | xref:sysboot[bootloader] for an existing {pve} setup. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
83 | |
84 | Rescue Boot:: | |
85 | ||
32caab0e AL |
86 | With this option you can boot an existing installation. It searches all attached |
87 | hard disks. If it finds an existing installation, it boots directly into that | |
88 | disk using the Linux kernel from the ISO. This can be useful if there are | |
89 | problems with the boot block (grub) or the BIOS is unable to read the boot block | |
90 | from the disk. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
91 | |
92 | Test Memory:: | |
93 | ||
32caab0e AL |
94 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if the memory is functional and free |
95 | of errors. | |
d91f8c1e | 96 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 97 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 98 | |
32caab0e AL |
99 | After selecting *Install {pve}* and accepting the EULA, the prompt to select the |
100 | target hard disk(s) will appear. The `Options` button opens the dialog to select | |
101 | the target file system. | |
d91f8c1e | 102 | |
32caab0e | 103 | The default file system is `ext4`. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is used when |
60ed554f DW |
104 | `ext4` or `xfs` is selected. Additional options to restrict LVM space |
105 | can also be set (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>). | |
32caab0e AL |
106 | |
107 | {pve} can be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels, this | |
108 | is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The target | |
109 | disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific settings can | |
110 | be changed under `Advanced Options` (see <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
111 | ||
112 | WARNING: ZFS on top of any hardware RAID is not supported and can result in data | |
113 | loss. | |
d91f8c1e | 114 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 115 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 116 | |
32caab0e AL |
117 | The next page asks for basic configuration options like the location, the time |
118 | zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a download server | |
119 | close by to speed up updates. The installer usually auto-detects these settings. | |
120 | They only need to be changed in the rare case that auto detection fails or a | |
121 | different keyboard layout should be used. | |
2d99ce9b | 122 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 123 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 124 | |
32caab0e AL |
125 | Next the password of the superuser (root) and an email address needs to be |
126 | specified. The password must consist of at least 5 characters. It's highly | |
127 | recommended to use a stronger password. Some guidelines are: | |
2d99ce9b DM |
128 | |
129 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
130 | ||
32caab0e | 131 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols. |
2d99ce9b | 132 | |
32caab0e AL |
133 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, common dictionary words, |
134 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links | |
135 | (current or past), and biographical information (for example ID numbers, | |
136 | ancestors' names or dates). | |
2d99ce9b | 137 | |
32caab0e AL |
138 | The email address is used to send notifications to the system administrator. |
139 | For example: | |
2d99ce9b DM |
140 | |
141 | - Information about available package updates. | |
142 | ||
143 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
144 | ||
7df6cb98 TL |
145 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] |
146 | ||
32caab0e AL |
147 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that during installation |
148 | you can either use an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not both. To configure a dual | |
149 | stack node, add additional IP addresses after the installation. | |
d91f8c1e | 150 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 151 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 152 | |
32caab0e AL |
153 | The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Re-check every |
154 | setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be changed. To | |
155 | accept, press `Install`. The installation starts to format disks and copies | |
156 | packages to the target. Please wait until this step has finished; then remove | |
157 | the installation medium and restart your system. | |
d91f8c1e | 158 | |
7df6cb98 TL |
159 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"] |
160 | ||
161 | If the installation failed check out specific errors on the second TTY | |
32caab0e | 162 | (`CTRL + ALT + F2'), ensure that the systems meets the |
7df6cb98 | 163 | xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation |
32caab0e | 164 | is still not working look at the xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter]. |
7df6cb98 | 165 | |
32caab0e AL |
166 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Point your browser |
167 | to the IP address given during installation (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
fe6c04d5 | 168 | |
32caab0e AL |
169 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is defined |
170 | during the installation process. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
171 | |
172 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
5eba0743 | 173 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options |
6b5fc47b | 174 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 175 | |
32caab0e AL |
176 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical |
177 | Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`. To control the size of these | |
178 | volumes use: | |
d91f8c1e DM |
179 | |
180 | `hdsize`:: | |
181 | ||
32caab0e AL |
182 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This way you can reserve free space |
183 | on the hard disk for further partitioning (for example for an additional PV and | |
184 | VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
d91f8c1e DM |
185 | |
186 | `swapsize`:: | |
187 | ||
d3e2455a AL |
188 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the installed |
189 | memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot be greater | |
190 | than `hdsize/8`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
191 | + |
192 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
193 | |
194 | `maxroot`:: | |
195 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
196 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation |
197 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
198 | |
199 | `maxvz`:: | |
200 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
201 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` |
202 | volume is: | |
203 | + | |
204 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
205 | + | |
206 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
e8fe2b1b | 207 | + |
32caab0e AL |
208 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` is |
209 | bigger than 4GB. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
210 | + |
211 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
212 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
213 | |
214 | `minfree`:: | |
215 | ||
32caab0e AL |
216 | Defines the amount of free space left in the LVM volume group `pve`. With more |
217 | than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` will be used. | |
d91f8c1e | 218 | + |
32caab0e AL |
219 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for |
220 | lvmthin snapshots). | |
d91f8c1e | 221 | |
71280de0 SI |
222 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] |
223 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
224 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
32caab0e AL |
225 | The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`. No swap space is created but you can |
226 | reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for swap. You can also | |
5f318cc0 | 227 | create a swap zvol after the installation, although this can lead to problems. |
71280de0 SI |
228 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). |
229 | ||
230 | `ashift`:: | |
231 | ||
32caab0e AL |
232 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs to be set at |
233 | least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to the power of `ashift` is | |
234 | the sector-size), or any disk which might be put in the pool (for example the | |
235 | replacement of a defective disk). | |
71280de0 SI |
236 | |
237 | `compress`:: | |
238 | ||
239 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
240 | ||
241 | `checksum`:: | |
242 | ||
243 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
244 | ||
245 | `copies`:: | |
246 | ||
247 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
248 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
249 | ||
250 | `hdsize`:: | |
251 | ||
32caab0e | 252 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This is useful to save free space |
5f318cc0 | 253 | on the hard disk(s) for further partitioning (for example to create a |
32caab0e AL |
254 | swap-partition). `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, that is only the |
255 | first disk or mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
71280de0 | 256 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
257 | |
258 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
6b5fc47b | 259 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 260 | |
32caab0e AL |
261 | ZFS works best with a lot of memory. If you intend to use ZFS make sure to have |
262 | enough RAM available for it. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
cdf58596 | 263 | RAW disk space. |
d91f8c1e | 264 | |
32caab0e AL |
265 | ZFS can use a dedicated drive as write cache, called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). |
266 | Use a fast drive (SSD) for it. It can be added after installation with the | |
267 | following command: | |
d91f8c1e | 268 | |
32caab0e AL |
269 | ---- |
270 | # zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
271 | ---- | |
078924cd | 272 | |
078924cd DM |
273 | ifndef::wiki[] |
274 | ||
275 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
6b5fc47b | 276 | ----------------------- |
078924cd | 277 | |
32caab0e AL |
278 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages and can be installed on to of a standard |
279 | Debian installation. | |
280 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories] you need | |
281 | to run the following commands: | |
078924cd | 282 | |
078924cd | 283 | ---- |
32caab0e AL |
284 | # apt-get update |
285 | # apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
078924cd DM |
286 | ---- |
287 | ||
32caab0e AL |
288 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but it presumes |
289 | that the base system has been installed correctly and that you know how you want | |
290 | to configure and use the local storage. You also need to configure the network | |
291 | manually. | |
115aef16 | 292 | |
32caab0e | 293 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when LVM or ZFS is used. |
115aef16 | 294 | |
32caab0e | 295 | A detailed step by step how-to can be found on the |
f1447c8d | 296 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[wiki]. |
078924cd | 297 | |
078924cd | 298 | |
5c6cf7ac | 299 | endif::wiki[] |
078924cd | 300 | |
078924cd DM |
301 | ifdef::wiki[] |
302 | ||
303 | Video Tutorials | |
6b5fc47b | 304 | --------------- |
078924cd DM |
305 | |
306 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
a55d30db | 307 | https://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[{pve} YouTube Channel] |
078924cd DM |
308 | |
309 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
a55d30db | 310 | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es |
078924cd DM |
311 | YouTube Play List] |
312 | ||
313 | ||
314 | See Also | |
6b5fc47b | 315 | -------- |
078924cd | 316 | |
3b5f76b8 DJ |
317 | * link:/wiki/Prepare_Installation_Media[Prepare Installation Media] |
318 | ||
319 | * link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Buster] | |
320 | ||
bc1c71d4 DM |
321 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] |
322 | ||
078924cd DM |
323 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] |
324 | ||
325 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
326 | ||
327 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
328 | ||
e723066c DM |
329 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] |
330 | ||
078924cd | 331 | endif::wiki[] |