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9a6dc394 | 1 | [[chapter_installation]] |
32caab0e AL |
2 | Installing {pve} |
3 | ================ | |
194d2f29 | 4 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 5 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 DM |
6 | endif::manvolnum[] |
7 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
cb84ed18 | 8 | :title: Installation |
5f09af76 DM |
9 | endif::wiki[] |
10 | ||
32caab0e | 11 | {pve} is based on Debian. This is why the install disk images (ISO files) |
bdf0aff2 TL |
12 | provided by Proxmox include a complete Debian system as well as all necessary |
13 | {pve} packages. | |
14 | ||
15 | TIP: See the xref:faq-support-table[support table in the FAQ] for the | |
7f7446cf | 16 | relationship between {pve} releases and Debian releases. |
2d99ce9b | 17 | |
19d1b3de SI |
18 | The installer will guide you through the setup, allowing you to partition the |
19 | local disk(s), apply basic system configurations (for example, timezone, | |
20 | language, network) and install all required packages. This process should not | |
21 | take more than a few minutes. Installing with the provided ISO is the | |
22 | recommended method for new and existing users. | |
d91f8c1e | 23 | |
32caab0e AL |
24 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. This |
25 | option is only recommended for advanced users because detailed knowledge about | |
26 | {pve} is required. | |
d91f8c1e | 27 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
28 | ifndef::wiki[] |
29 | ||
30 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
31 | ||
44ea3fd6 TL |
32 | include::pve-installation-media.adoc[] |
33 | ||
bc1c71d4 DM |
34 | endif::wiki[] |
35 | ||
5eba0743 | 36 | |
9a6dc394 | 37 | [[installation_installer]] |
2c6fed66 TM |
38 | Using the {pve} Installer |
39 | ------------------------- | |
d91f8c1e | 40 | |
44ea3fd6 | 41 | The installer ISO image includes the following: |
115aef16 | 42 | |
e69c1847 DM |
43 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) |
44 | ||
7f7446cf TL |
45 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, XFS, |
46 | BTRFS (technology preview), or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
e69c1847 | 47 | |
9a6dc394 | 48 | * {pve} Linux kernel with KVM and LXC support |
e69c1847 | 49 | |
9a6dc394 TL |
50 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers, the host |
51 | system, clusters and all necessary resources | |
e69c1847 | 52 | |
32caab0e | 53 | * Web-based management interface |
115aef16 | 54 | |
bc27b00c TL |
55 | NOTE: All existing data on the for installation selected drives will be removed |
56 | during the installation process. The installer does not add boot menu entries | |
57 | for other operating systems. | |
078924cd | 58 | |
44ea3fd6 TL |
59 | Please insert the xref:installation_prepare_media[prepared installation media] |
60 | (for example, USB flash drive or CD-ROM) and boot from it. | |
61 | ||
62 | TIP: Make sure that booting from the installation medium (for example, USB) is | |
52f1d4f5 | 63 | enabled in your servers firmware settings and secure boot is disabled. |
2c6fed66 | 64 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 65 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 66 | |
32caab0e AL |
67 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu will be |
68 | displayed and one of the following options can be selected: | |
d91f8c1e | 69 | |
32caab0e | 70 | Install {pve}:: |
d91f8c1e | 71 | |
32caab0e | 72 | Starts the normal installation. |
d91f8c1e | 73 | |
32caab0e AL |
74 | TIP: It's possible to use the installation wizard with a keyboard only. Buttons |
75 | can be clicked by pressing the `ALT` key combined with the underlined character | |
76 | from the respective button. For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
1a5554fc | 77 | |
7e5ca633 | 78 | Advanced Options: Install {pve} (Debug mode):: |
d91f8c1e | 79 | |
32caab0e AL |
80 | Starts the installation in debug mode. A console will be opened at several |
81 | installation steps. This helps to debug the situation if something goes wrong. | |
8dc994f7 TL |
82 | To exit a debug console, press `CTRL-D`. This option can be used to boot a live |
83 | system with all basic tools available. You can use it, for example, to | |
84 | xref:chapter_zfs[repair a degraded ZFS 'rpool'] or fix the | |
85 | xref:sysboot[bootloader] for an existing {pve} setup. | |
d91f8c1e | 86 | |
7e5ca633 | 87 | Advanced Options: Rescue Boot:: |
d91f8c1e | 88 | |
32caab0e AL |
89 | With this option you can boot an existing installation. It searches all attached |
90 | hard disks. If it finds an existing installation, it boots directly into that | |
91 | disk using the Linux kernel from the ISO. This can be useful if there are | |
92 | problems with the boot block (grub) or the BIOS is unable to read the boot block | |
93 | from the disk. | |
d91f8c1e | 94 | |
7e5ca633 | 95 | Advanced Options: Test Memory:: |
d91f8c1e | 96 | |
32caab0e AL |
97 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if the memory is functional and free |
98 | of errors. | |
d91f8c1e | 99 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 100 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 101 | |
32caab0e AL |
102 | After selecting *Install {pve}* and accepting the EULA, the prompt to select the |
103 | target hard disk(s) will appear. The `Options` button opens the dialog to select | |
104 | the target file system. | |
d91f8c1e | 105 | |
32caab0e | 106 | The default file system is `ext4`. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is used when |
60ed554f DW |
107 | `ext4` or `xfs` is selected. Additional options to restrict LVM space |
108 | can also be set (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>). | |
32caab0e AL |
109 | |
110 | {pve} can be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels, this | |
111 | is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The target | |
112 | disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific settings can | |
113 | be changed under `Advanced Options` (see <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
114 | ||
115 | WARNING: ZFS on top of any hardware RAID is not supported and can result in data | |
116 | loss. | |
d91f8c1e | 117 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 118 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 119 | |
32caab0e AL |
120 | The next page asks for basic configuration options like the location, the time |
121 | zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a download server | |
122 | close by to speed up updates. The installer usually auto-detects these settings. | |
123 | They only need to be changed in the rare case that auto detection fails or a | |
124 | different keyboard layout should be used. | |
2d99ce9b | 125 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 126 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 127 | |
32caab0e AL |
128 | Next the password of the superuser (root) and an email address needs to be |
129 | specified. The password must consist of at least 5 characters. It's highly | |
130 | recommended to use a stronger password. Some guidelines are: | |
2d99ce9b DM |
131 | |
132 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
133 | ||
32caab0e | 134 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols. |
2d99ce9b | 135 | |
32caab0e AL |
136 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, common dictionary words, |
137 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links | |
138 | (current or past), and biographical information (for example ID numbers, | |
139 | ancestors' names or dates). | |
2d99ce9b | 140 | |
32caab0e AL |
141 | The email address is used to send notifications to the system administrator. |
142 | For example: | |
2d99ce9b DM |
143 | |
144 | - Information about available package updates. | |
145 | ||
146 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
147 | ||
7df6cb98 TL |
148 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] |
149 | ||
32caab0e AL |
150 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that during installation |
151 | you can either use an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not both. To configure a dual | |
152 | stack node, add additional IP addresses after the installation. | |
d91f8c1e | 153 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 154 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 155 | |
32caab0e AL |
156 | The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Re-check every |
157 | setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be changed. To | |
158 | accept, press `Install`. The installation starts to format disks and copies | |
159 | packages to the target. Please wait until this step has finished; then remove | |
160 | the installation medium and restart your system. | |
d91f8c1e | 161 | |
7df6cb98 TL |
162 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"] |
163 | ||
b9a97ca1 MH |
164 | If the installation failed, check out specific errors on the second TTY |
165 | (`CTRL + ALT + F2') and ensure that the systems meets the | |
7df6cb98 | 166 | xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation |
b9a97ca1 | 167 | is still not working, look at the xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter]. |
7df6cb98 | 168 | |
32caab0e AL |
169 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Point your browser |
170 | to the IP address given during installation (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
fe6c04d5 | 171 | |
b9a97ca1 | 172 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password was defined |
32caab0e | 173 | during the installation process. |
d91f8c1e DM |
174 | |
175 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
5eba0743 | 176 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options |
6b5fc47b | 177 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 178 | |
32caab0e AL |
179 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical |
180 | Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`. To control the size of these | |
181 | volumes use: | |
d91f8c1e DM |
182 | |
183 | `hdsize`:: | |
184 | ||
32caab0e AL |
185 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This way you can reserve free space |
186 | on the hard disk for further partitioning (for example for an additional PV and | |
187 | VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
d91f8c1e DM |
188 | |
189 | `swapsize`:: | |
190 | ||
d3e2455a AL |
191 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the installed |
192 | memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot be greater | |
193 | than `hdsize/8`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
194 | + |
195 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
196 | |
197 | `maxroot`:: | |
198 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
199 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation |
200 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
201 | |
202 | `maxvz`:: | |
203 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
204 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` |
205 | volume is: | |
206 | + | |
207 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
208 | + | |
209 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
e8fe2b1b | 210 | + |
32caab0e AL |
211 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` is |
212 | bigger than 4GB. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
213 | + |
214 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
215 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
216 | |
217 | `minfree`:: | |
218 | ||
32caab0e AL |
219 | Defines the amount of free space left in the LVM volume group `pve`. With more |
220 | than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` will be used. | |
d91f8c1e | 221 | + |
32caab0e AL |
222 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for |
223 | lvmthin snapshots). | |
d91f8c1e | 224 | |
71280de0 SI |
225 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] |
226 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
227 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
32caab0e AL |
228 | The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`. No swap space is created but you can |
229 | reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for swap. You can also | |
5f318cc0 | 230 | create a swap zvol after the installation, although this can lead to problems. |
71280de0 SI |
231 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). |
232 | ||
233 | `ashift`:: | |
234 | ||
32caab0e AL |
235 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs to be set at |
236 | least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to the power of `ashift` is | |
237 | the sector-size), or any disk which might be put in the pool (for example the | |
238 | replacement of a defective disk). | |
71280de0 SI |
239 | |
240 | `compress`:: | |
241 | ||
242 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
243 | ||
244 | `checksum`:: | |
245 | ||
246 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
247 | ||
248 | `copies`:: | |
249 | ||
250 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
251 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
252 | ||
253 | `hdsize`:: | |
254 | ||
32caab0e | 255 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This is useful to save free space |
5f318cc0 | 256 | on the hard disk(s) for further partitioning (for example to create a |
32caab0e AL |
257 | swap-partition). `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, that is only the |
258 | first disk or mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
71280de0 | 259 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
260 | |
261 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
6b5fc47b | 262 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 263 | |
32caab0e AL |
264 | ZFS works best with a lot of memory. If you intend to use ZFS make sure to have |
265 | enough RAM available for it. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
cdf58596 | 266 | RAW disk space. |
d91f8c1e | 267 | |
32caab0e AL |
268 | ZFS can use a dedicated drive as write cache, called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). |
269 | Use a fast drive (SSD) for it. It can be added after installation with the | |
270 | following command: | |
d91f8c1e | 271 | |
32caab0e AL |
272 | ---- |
273 | # zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
274 | ---- | |
078924cd | 275 | |
078924cd DM |
276 | ifndef::wiki[] |
277 | ||
278 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
6b5fc47b | 279 | ----------------------- |
078924cd | 280 | |
b9a97ca1 | 281 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages and can be installed on top of a standard |
32caab0e AL |
282 | Debian installation. |
283 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories] you need | |
284 | to run the following commands: | |
078924cd | 285 | |
078924cd | 286 | ---- |
32caab0e AL |
287 | # apt-get update |
288 | # apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
078924cd DM |
289 | ---- |
290 | ||
32caab0e AL |
291 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but it presumes |
292 | that the base system has been installed correctly and that you know how you want | |
293 | to configure and use the local storage. You also need to configure the network | |
294 | manually. | |
115aef16 | 295 | |
32caab0e | 296 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when LVM or ZFS is used. |
115aef16 | 297 | |
32caab0e | 298 | A detailed step by step how-to can be found on the |
f1447c8d | 299 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[wiki]. |
078924cd | 300 | |
078924cd | 301 | |
5c6cf7ac | 302 | endif::wiki[] |
078924cd | 303 | |
078924cd DM |
304 | ifdef::wiki[] |
305 | ||
306 | Video Tutorials | |
6b5fc47b | 307 | --------------- |
078924cd DM |
308 | |
309 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
a55d30db | 310 | https://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[{pve} YouTube Channel] |
078924cd DM |
311 | |
312 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
a55d30db | 313 | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es |
078924cd DM |
314 | YouTube Play List] |
315 | ||
316 | ||
317 | See Also | |
6b5fc47b | 318 | -------- |
078924cd | 319 | |
3b5f76b8 DJ |
320 | * link:/wiki/Prepare_Installation_Media[Prepare Installation Media] |
321 | ||
322 | * link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Buster] | |
323 | ||
bc1c71d4 DM |
324 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] |
325 | ||
078924cd DM |
326 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] |
327 | ||
328 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
329 | ||
330 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
331 | ||
e723066c DM |
332 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] |
333 | ||
078924cd | 334 | endif::wiki[] |