]>
Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
1 | [[chapter_installation]] | |
2 | Installing {pve} | |
3 | ================ | |
4 | ifndef::manvolnum[] | |
5 | :pve-toplevel: | |
6 | endif::manvolnum[] | |
7 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
8 | :title: Installation | |
9 | endif::wiki[] | |
10 | ||
11 | {pve} is based on Debian. This is why the install disk images (ISO files) | |
12 | provided by Proxmox include a complete Debian system (Debian 10 Buster for | |
13 | {pve} version 6.x) as well as all necessary {pve} packages. | |
14 | ||
15 | The installer will guide through the setup, allowing you to partition the local | |
16 | disk(s), apply basic system configurations (for example, timezone, language, | |
17 | network) and install all required packages. This process should not take more | |
18 | than a few minutes. Installing with the provided ISO is the recommended method | |
19 | for new and existing users. | |
20 | ||
21 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. This | |
22 | option is only recommended for advanced users because detailed knowledge about | |
23 | {pve} is required. | |
24 | ||
25 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
26 | ||
27 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
28 | ||
29 | include::pve-installation-media.adoc[] | |
30 | ||
31 | endif::wiki[] | |
32 | ||
33 | ||
34 | [[installation_installer]] | |
35 | Using the {pve} Installer | |
36 | ------------------------- | |
37 | ||
38 | The installer ISO image includes the following: | |
39 | ||
40 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) | |
41 | ||
42 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, ext3, xfs | |
43 | or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
44 | ||
45 | * {pve} Linux kernel with KVM and LXC support | |
46 | ||
47 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers, the host | |
48 | system, clusters and all necessary resources | |
49 | ||
50 | * Web-based management interface | |
51 | ||
52 | NOTE: All existing data on the for installation selected drives will be removed | |
53 | during the installation process. The installer does not add boot menu entries | |
54 | for other operating systems. | |
55 | ||
56 | Please insert the xref:installation_prepare_media[prepared installation media] | |
57 | (for example, USB flash drive or CD-ROM) and boot from it. | |
58 | ||
59 | TIP: Make sure that booting from the installation medium (for example, USB) is | |
60 | enabled in your servers firmware settings. | |
61 | ||
62 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] | |
63 | ||
64 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu will be | |
65 | displayed and one of the following options can be selected: | |
66 | ||
67 | Install {pve}:: | |
68 | ||
69 | Starts the normal installation. | |
70 | ||
71 | TIP: It's possible to use the installation wizard with a keyboard only. Buttons | |
72 | can be clicked by pressing the `ALT` key combined with the underlined character | |
73 | from the respective button. For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
74 | ||
75 | Install {pve} (Debug mode):: | |
76 | ||
77 | Starts the installation in debug mode. A console will be opened at several | |
78 | installation steps. This helps to debug the situation if something goes wrong. | |
79 | To exit a debug console, press `CTRL-D`. This option can be used to boot a live | |
80 | system with all basic tools available. You can use it, for example, to | |
81 | xref:chapter_zfs[repair a degraded ZFS 'rpool'] or fix the | |
82 | xref:sysboot[bootloader] for an existing {pve} setup. | |
83 | ||
84 | Rescue Boot:: | |
85 | ||
86 | With this option you can boot an existing installation. It searches all attached | |
87 | hard disks. If it finds an existing installation, it boots directly into that | |
88 | disk using the Linux kernel from the ISO. This can be useful if there are | |
89 | problems with the boot block (grub) or the BIOS is unable to read the boot block | |
90 | from the disk. | |
91 | ||
92 | Test Memory:: | |
93 | ||
94 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if the memory is functional and free | |
95 | of errors. | |
96 | ||
97 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] | |
98 | ||
99 | After selecting *Install {pve}* and accepting the EULA, the prompt to select the | |
100 | target hard disk(s) will appear. The `Options` button opens the dialog to select | |
101 | the target file system. | |
102 | ||
103 | The default file system is `ext4`. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is used when | |
104 | `ext3`, `ext4` or `xfs` ist selected. Additional options to restrict LVM space | |
105 | can be set (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>). | |
106 | ||
107 | {pve} can be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels, this | |
108 | is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The target | |
109 | disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific settings can | |
110 | be changed under `Advanced Options` (see <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
111 | ||
112 | WARNING: ZFS on top of any hardware RAID is not supported and can result in data | |
113 | loss. | |
114 | ||
115 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] | |
116 | ||
117 | The next page asks for basic configuration options like the location, the time | |
118 | zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a download server | |
119 | close by to speed up updates. The installer usually auto-detects these settings. | |
120 | They only need to be changed in the rare case that auto detection fails or a | |
121 | different keyboard layout should be used. | |
122 | ||
123 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] | |
124 | ||
125 | Next the password of the superuser (root) and an email address needs to be | |
126 | specified. The password must consist of at least 5 characters. It's highly | |
127 | recommended to use a stronger password. Some guidelines are: | |
128 | ||
129 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
130 | ||
131 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols. | |
132 | ||
133 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, common dictionary words, | |
134 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links | |
135 | (current or past), and biographical information (for example ID numbers, | |
136 | ancestors' names or dates). | |
137 | ||
138 | The email address is used to send notifications to the system administrator. | |
139 | For example: | |
140 | ||
141 | - Information about available package updates. | |
142 | ||
143 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
144 | ||
145 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] | |
146 | ||
147 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that during installation | |
148 | you can either use an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not both. To configure a dual | |
149 | stack node, add additional IP addresses after the installation. | |
150 | ||
151 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] | |
152 | ||
153 | The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Re-check every | |
154 | setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be changed. To | |
155 | accept, press `Install`. The installation starts to format disks and copies | |
156 | packages to the target. Please wait until this step has finished; then remove | |
157 | the installation medium and restart your system. | |
158 | ||
159 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"] | |
160 | ||
161 | If the installation failed check out specific errors on the second TTY | |
162 | (`CTRL + ALT + F2'), ensure that the systems meets the | |
163 | xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation | |
164 | is still not working look at the xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter]. | |
165 | ||
166 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Point your browser | |
167 | to the IP address given during installation (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
168 | ||
169 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is defined | |
170 | during the installation process. | |
171 | ||
172 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
173 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options | |
174 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
175 | ||
176 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical | |
177 | Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`. To control the size of these | |
178 | volumes use: | |
179 | ||
180 | `hdsize`:: | |
181 | ||
182 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This way you can reserve free space | |
183 | on the hard disk for further partitioning (for example for an additional PV and | |
184 | VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
185 | ||
186 | `swapsize`:: | |
187 | ||
188 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the installed | |
189 | memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot be greater | |
190 | than `hdsize/8`. | |
191 | + | |
192 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
193 | ||
194 | `maxroot`:: | |
195 | ||
196 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation | |
197 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
198 | ||
199 | `maxvz`:: | |
200 | ||
201 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` | |
202 | volume is: | |
203 | + | |
204 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
205 | + | |
206 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
207 | + | |
208 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` is | |
209 | bigger than 4GB. | |
210 | + | |
211 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
212 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
213 | ||
214 | `minfree`:: | |
215 | ||
216 | Defines the amount of free space left in the LVM volume group `pve`. With more | |
217 | than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` will be used. | |
218 | + | |
219 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for | |
220 | lvmthin snapshots). | |
221 | ||
222 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] | |
223 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
224 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
225 | The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`. No swap space is created but you can | |
226 | reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for swap. You can also | |
227 | create a swap zvol after the installation, although this can lead to problems. | |
228 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). | |
229 | ||
230 | `ashift`:: | |
231 | ||
232 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs to be set at | |
233 | least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to the power of `ashift` is | |
234 | the sector-size), or any disk which might be put in the pool (for example the | |
235 | replacement of a defective disk). | |
236 | ||
237 | `compress`:: | |
238 | ||
239 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
240 | ||
241 | `checksum`:: | |
242 | ||
243 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
244 | ||
245 | `copies`:: | |
246 | ||
247 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
248 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
249 | ||
250 | `hdsize`:: | |
251 | ||
252 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This is useful to save free space | |
253 | on the hard disk(s) for further partitioning (for example to create a | |
254 | swap-partition). `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, that is only the | |
255 | first disk or mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
256 | ||
257 | ||
258 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
259 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
260 | ||
261 | ZFS works best with a lot of memory. If you intend to use ZFS make sure to have | |
262 | enough RAM available for it. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
263 | RAW disk space. | |
264 | ||
265 | ZFS can use a dedicated drive as write cache, called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). | |
266 | Use a fast drive (SSD) for it. It can be added after installation with the | |
267 | following command: | |
268 | ||
269 | ---- | |
270 | # zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
271 | ---- | |
272 | ||
273 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
274 | ||
275 | link:/wiki/Prepare_Installation_Media[Prepare Installation Media] | |
276 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
277 | ||
278 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Buster] | |
279 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
280 | ||
281 | endif::wiki[] | |
282 | ||
283 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
284 | ||
285 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
286 | ----------------------- | |
287 | ||
288 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages and can be installed on to of a standard | |
289 | Debian installation. | |
290 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories] you need | |
291 | to run the following commands: | |
292 | ||
293 | ---- | |
294 | # apt-get update | |
295 | # apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
296 | ---- | |
297 | ||
298 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but it presumes | |
299 | that the base system has been installed correctly and that you know how you want | |
300 | to configure and use the local storage. You also need to configure the network | |
301 | manually. | |
302 | ||
303 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when LVM or ZFS is used. | |
304 | ||
305 | A detailed step by step how-to can be found on the | |
306 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[wiki]. | |
307 | ||
308 | ||
309 | endif::wiki[] | |
310 | ||
311 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
312 | ||
313 | Video Tutorials | |
314 | --------------- | |
315 | ||
316 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
317 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[{pve} YouTube Channel] | |
318 | ||
319 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
320 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
321 | YouTube Play List] | |
322 | ||
323 | ||
324 | See Also | |
325 | -------- | |
326 | ||
327 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] | |
328 | ||
329 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] | |
330 | ||
331 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
332 | ||
333 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
334 | ||
335 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] | |
336 | ||
337 | endif::wiki[] |