]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_zfs.git/blobdiff - module/zfs/spa.c
Fix sync behavior for disk vdevs
[mirror_zfs.git] / module / zfs / spa.c
index 55bcf43f884c8b053ba736696ca6ad68a0180099..15c87866e69e17bbaab57370bab0bc60a967b9c6 100644 (file)
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2013 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, Nexenta Systems, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Spectra Logic Corporation, All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 Actifio, Inc. All rights reserved.
  */
 
 /*
 #include "zfs_prop.h"
 #include "zfs_comutil.h"
 
+/*
+ * The interval, in seconds, at which failed configuration cache file writes
+ * should be retried.
+ */
+static int zfs_ccw_retry_interval = 300;
+
 typedef enum zti_modes {
        ZTI_MODE_FIXED,                 /* value is # of threads (min 1) */
        ZTI_MODE_BATCH,                 /* cpu-intensive; value is ignored */
@@ -126,9 +134,9 @@ static const char *const zio_taskq_types[ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES] = {
 const zio_taskq_info_t zio_taskqs[ZIO_TYPES][ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES] = {
        /* ISSUE        ISSUE_HIGH      INTR            INTR_HIGH */
        { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* NULL */
-       { ZTI_N(8),     ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_BATCH,      ZTI_NULL }, /* READ */
-       { ZTI_BATCH,    ZTI_N(5),       ZTI_N(16),      ZTI_N(5) }, /* WRITE */
-       { ZTI_P(4, 8),  ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* FREE */
+       { ZTI_N(8),     ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_P(12, 8),   ZTI_NULL }, /* READ */
+       { ZTI_BATCH,    ZTI_N(5),       ZTI_P(12, 8),   ZTI_N(5) }, /* WRITE */
+       { ZTI_P(12, 8), ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* FREE */
        { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* CLAIM */
        { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* IOCTL */
 };
@@ -237,7 +245,8 @@ spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                 */
                if (pool->dp_free_dir != NULL) {
                        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_FREEING, NULL,
-                           pool->dp_free_dir->dd_phys->dd_used_bytes, src);
+                           dsl_dir_phys(pool->dp_free_dir)->dd_used_bytes,
+                           src);
                } else {
                        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_FREEING,
                            NULL, 0, src);
@@ -245,7 +254,8 @@ spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
 
                if (pool->dp_leak_dir != NULL) {
                        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_LEAKED, NULL,
-                           pool->dp_leak_dir->dd_phys->dd_used_bytes, src);
+                           dsl_dir_phys(pool->dp_leak_dir)->dd_used_bytes,
+                           src);
                } else {
                        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_LEAKED,
                            NULL, 0, src);
@@ -263,6 +273,22 @@ spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT, spa->spa_root,
                    0, ZPROP_SRC_LOCAL);
 
+       if (spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_LARGE_BLOCKS)) {
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_MAXBLOCKSIZE, NULL,
+                   MIN(zfs_max_recordsize, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE), ZPROP_SRC_NONE);
+       } else {
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_MAXBLOCKSIZE, NULL,
+                   SPA_OLD_MAXBLOCKSIZE, ZPROP_SRC_NONE);
+       }
+
+       if (spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_LARGE_DNODE)) {
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_MAXDNODESIZE, NULL,
+                   DNODE_MAX_SIZE, ZPROP_SRC_NONE);
+       } else {
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_MAXDNODESIZE, NULL,
+                   DNODE_MIN_SIZE, ZPROP_SRC_NONE);
+       }
+
        if ((dp = list_head(&spa->spa_config_list)) != NULL) {
                if (dp->scd_path == NULL) {
                        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_CACHEFILE,
@@ -335,8 +361,7 @@ spa_prop_get(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                                        break;
                                }
 
-                               strval = kmem_alloc(
-                                   MAXNAMELEN + strlen(MOS_DIR_NAME) + 1,
+                               strval = kmem_alloc(ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN,
                                    KM_SLEEP);
                                dsl_dataset_name(ds, strval);
                                dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
@@ -349,8 +374,7 @@ spa_prop_get(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, prop, strval, intval, src);
 
                        if (strval != NULL)
-                               kmem_free(strval,
-                                   MAXNAMELEN + strlen(MOS_DIR_NAME) + 1);
+                               kmem_free(strval, ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN);
 
                        break;
 
@@ -479,7 +503,7 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
 
                        if (!error) {
                                objset_t *os;
-                               uint64_t compress;
+                               uint64_t propval;
 
                                if (strval == NULL || strval[0] == '\0') {
                                        objnum = zpool_prop_default_numeric(
@@ -491,15 +515,32 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
                                if (error)
                                        break;
 
-                               /* Must be ZPL and not gzip compressed. */
+                               /*
+                                * Must be ZPL, and its property settings
+                                * must be supported by GRUB (compression
+                                * is not gzip, and large blocks or large
+                                * dnodes are not used).
+                                */
 
                                if (dmu_objset_type(os) != DMU_OST_ZFS) {
                                        error = SET_ERROR(ENOTSUP);
                                } else if ((error =
                                    dsl_prop_get_int_ds(dmu_objset_ds(os),
                                    zfs_prop_to_name(ZFS_PROP_COMPRESSION),
-                                   &compress)) == 0 &&
-                                   !BOOTFS_COMPRESS_VALID(compress)) {
+                                   &propval)) == 0 &&
+                                   !BOOTFS_COMPRESS_VALID(propval)) {
+                                       error = SET_ERROR(ENOTSUP);
+                               } else if ((error =
+                                   dsl_prop_get_int_ds(dmu_objset_ds(os),
+                                   zfs_prop_to_name(ZFS_PROP_RECORDSIZE),
+                                   &propval)) == 0 &&
+                                   propval > SPA_OLD_MAXBLOCKSIZE) {
+                                       error = SET_ERROR(ENOTSUP);
+                               } else if ((error =
+                                   dsl_prop_get_int_ds(dmu_objset_ds(os),
+                                   zfs_prop_to_name(ZFS_PROP_DNODESIZE),
+                                   &propval)) == 0 &&
+                                   propval != ZFS_DNSIZE_LEGACY) {
                                        error = SET_ERROR(ENOTSUP);
                                } else {
                                        objnum = dmu_objset_id(os);
@@ -561,7 +602,6 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
                                        error = SET_ERROR(EINVAL);
                                        break;
                                }
-                               check++;
                        }
                        if (strlen(strval) > ZPROP_MAX_COMMENT)
                                error = SET_ERROR(E2BIG);
@@ -663,7 +703,8 @@ spa_prop_set(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvp)
                         * feature descriptions object.
                         */
                        error = dsl_sync_task(spa->spa_name, NULL,
-                           spa_sync_version, &ver, 6);
+                           spa_sync_version, &ver,
+                           6, ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_RESERVED);
                        if (error)
                                return (error);
                        continue;
@@ -675,7 +716,7 @@ spa_prop_set(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvp)
 
        if (need_sync) {
                return (dsl_sync_task(spa->spa_name, NULL, spa_sync_props,
-                   nvp, 6));
+                   nvp, 6, ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_RESERVED));
        }
 
        return (0);
@@ -756,7 +797,7 @@ spa_change_guid(spa_t *spa)
        guid = spa_generate_guid(NULL);
 
        error = dsl_sync_task(spa->spa_name, spa_change_guid_check,
-           spa_change_guid_sync, &guid, 5);
+           spa_change_guid_sync, &guid, 5, ZFS_SPACE_CHECK_RESERVED);
 
        if (error == 0) {
                spa_config_sync(spa, B_FALSE, B_TRUE);
@@ -822,7 +863,7 @@ spa_taskqs_init(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q)
        uint_t count = ztip->zti_count;
        spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
        char name[32];
-       uint_t i, flags = 0;
+       uint_t i, flags = TASKQ_DYNAMIC;
        boolean_t batch = B_FALSE;
 
        if (mode == ZTI_MODE_NULL) {
@@ -845,7 +886,7 @@ spa_taskqs_init(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q)
        case ZTI_MODE_BATCH:
                batch = B_TRUE;
                flags |= TASKQ_THREADS_CPU_PCT;
-               value = zio_taskq_batch_pct;
+               value = MIN(zio_taskq_batch_pct, 100);
                break;
 
        default:
@@ -876,11 +917,13 @@ spa_taskqs_init(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q)
                        pri_t pri = maxclsyspri;
                        /*
                         * The write issue taskq can be extremely CPU
-                        * intensive.  Run it at slightly lower priority
-                        * than the other taskqs.
+                        * intensive.  Run it at slightly less important
+                        * priority than the other taskqs.  Under Linux this
+                        * means incrementing the priority value on platforms
+                        * like illumos it should be decremented.
                         */
                        if (t == ZIO_TYPE_WRITE && q == ZIO_TASKQ_ISSUE)
-                               pri--;
+                               pri++;
 
                        tq = taskq_create_proc(name, value, pri, 50,
                            INT_MAX, spa->spa_proc, flags);
@@ -1093,6 +1136,8 @@ spa_activate(spa_t *spa, int mode)
 
        list_create(&spa->spa_config_dirty_list, sizeof (vdev_t),
            offsetof(vdev_t, vdev_config_dirty_node));
+       list_create(&spa->spa_evicting_os_list, sizeof (objset_t),
+           offsetof(objset_t, os_evicting_node));
        list_create(&spa->spa_state_dirty_list, sizeof (vdev_t),
            offsetof(vdev_t, vdev_state_dirty_node));
 
@@ -1105,6 +1150,24 @@ spa_activate(spa_t *spa, int mode)
        avl_create(&spa->spa_errlist_last,
            spa_error_entry_compare, sizeof (spa_error_entry_t),
            offsetof(spa_error_entry_t, se_avl));
+
+       /*
+        * This taskq is used to perform zvol-minor-related tasks
+        * asynchronously. This has several advantages, including easy
+        * resolution of various deadlocks (zfsonlinux bug #3681).
+        *
+        * The taskq must be single threaded to ensure tasks are always
+        * processed in the order in which they were dispatched.
+        *
+        * A taskq per pool allows one to keep the pools independent.
+        * This way if one pool is suspended, it will not impact another.
+        *
+        * The preferred location to dispatch a zvol minor task is a sync
+        * task. In this context, there is easy access to the spa_t and minimal
+        * error handling is required because the sync task must succeed.
+        */
+       spa->spa_zvol_taskq = taskq_create("z_zvol", 1, defclsyspri,
+           1, INT_MAX, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1121,9 +1184,17 @@ spa_deactivate(spa_t *spa)
        ASSERT(spa->spa_async_zio_root == NULL);
        ASSERT(spa->spa_state != POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED);
 
+       spa_evicting_os_wait(spa);
+
+       if (spa->spa_zvol_taskq) {
+               taskq_destroy(spa->spa_zvol_taskq);
+               spa->spa_zvol_taskq = NULL;
+       }
+
        txg_list_destroy(&spa->spa_vdev_txg_list);
 
        list_destroy(&spa->spa_config_dirty_list);
+       list_destroy(&spa->spa_evicting_os_list);
        list_destroy(&spa->spa_state_dirty_list);
 
        taskq_cancel_id(system_taskq, spa->spa_deadman_tqid);
@@ -1586,12 +1657,12 @@ load_nvlist(spa_t *spa, uint64_t obj, nvlist_t **value)
        nvsize = *(uint64_t *)db->db_data;
        dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
 
-       packed = kmem_alloc(nvsize, KM_SLEEP);
+       packed = vmem_alloc(nvsize, KM_SLEEP);
        error = dmu_read(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, 0, nvsize, packed,
            DMU_READ_PREFETCH);
        if (error == 0)
                error = nvlist_unpack(packed, nvsize, value, 0);
-       kmem_free(packed, nvsize);
+       vmem_free(packed, nvsize);
 
        return (error);
 }
@@ -1616,6 +1687,21 @@ spa_check_removed(vdev_t *vd)
        }
 }
 
+static void
+spa_config_valid_zaps(vdev_t *vd, vdev_t *mvd)
+{
+       uint64_t i;
+
+       ASSERT3U(vd->vdev_children, ==, mvd->vdev_children);
+
+       vd->vdev_top_zap = mvd->vdev_top_zap;
+       vd->vdev_leaf_zap = mvd->vdev_leaf_zap;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < vd->vdev_children; i++) {
+               spa_config_valid_zaps(vd->vdev_child[i], mvd->vdev_child[i]);
+       }
+}
+
 /*
  * Validate the current config against the MOS config
  */
@@ -1720,16 +1806,25 @@ spa_config_valid(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
                        spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
 
                        vdev_reopen(rvd);
-               } else if (mtvd->vdev_islog) {
+               } else {
+                       if (mtvd->vdev_islog) {
+                               /*
+                                * Load the slog device's state from the MOS
+                                * config since it's possible that the label
+                                * does not contain the most up-to-date
+                                * information.
+                                */
+                               vdev_load_log_state(tvd, mtvd);
+                               vdev_reopen(tvd);
+                       }
+
                        /*
-                        * Load the slog device's state from the MOS config
-                        * since it's possible that the label does not
-                        * contain the most up-to-date information.
+                        * Per-vdev ZAP info is stored exclusively in the MOS.
                         */
-                       vdev_load_log_state(tvd, mtvd);
-                       vdev_reopen(tvd);
+                       spa_config_valid_zaps(tvd, mtvd);
                }
        }
+
        vdev_free(mrvd);
        spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
 
@@ -1746,6 +1841,7 @@ static boolean_t
 spa_check_logs(spa_t *spa)
 {
        boolean_t rv = B_FALSE;
+       dsl_pool_t *dp = spa_get_dsl(spa);
 
        switch (spa->spa_log_state) {
        default:
@@ -1753,8 +1849,8 @@ spa_check_logs(spa_t *spa)
        case SPA_LOG_MISSING:
                /* need to recheck in case slog has been restored */
        case SPA_LOG_UNKNOWN:
-               rv = (dmu_objset_find(spa->spa_name, zil_check_log_chain,
-                   NULL, DS_FIND_CHILDREN) != 0);
+               rv = (dmu_objset_find_dp(dp, dp->dp_root_dir_obj,
+                   zil_check_log_chain, NULL, DS_FIND_CHILDREN) != 0);
                if (rv)
                        spa_set_log_state(spa, SPA_LOG_MISSING);
                break;
@@ -1862,9 +1958,9 @@ spa_load_verify_done(zio_t *zio)
        if (error) {
                if ((BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) != 0 || DMU_OT_IS_METADATA(type)) &&
                    type != DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG)
-                       atomic_add_64(&sle->sle_meta_count, 1);
+                       atomic_inc_64(&sle->sle_meta_count);
                else
-                       atomic_add_64(&sle->sle_data_count, 1);
+                       atomic_inc_64(&sle->sle_data_count);
        }
        zio_data_buf_free(zio->io_data, zio->io_size);
 
@@ -1891,7 +1987,7 @@ spa_load_verify_cb(spa_t *spa, zilog_t *zilog, const blkptr_t *bp,
        size_t size;
        void *data;
 
-       if (BP_IS_HOLE(bp) || BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
+       if (bp == NULL || BP_IS_HOLE(bp) || BP_IS_EMBEDDED(bp))
                return (0);
        /*
         * Note: normally this routine will not be called if
@@ -1920,6 +2016,16 @@ spa_load_verify_cb(spa_t *spa, zilog_t *zilog, const blkptr_t *bp,
        return (0);
 }
 
+/* ARGSUSED */
+int
+verify_dataset_name_len(dsl_pool_t *dp, dsl_dataset_t *ds, void *arg)
+{
+       if (dsl_dataset_namelen(ds) >= ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN)
+               return (SET_ERROR(ENAMETOOLONG));
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
 static int
 spa_load_verify(spa_t *spa)
 {
@@ -1934,6 +2040,14 @@ spa_load_verify(spa_t *spa)
        if (policy.zrp_request & ZPOOL_NEVER_REWIND)
                return (0);
 
+       dsl_pool_config_enter(spa->spa_dsl_pool, FTAG);
+       error = dmu_objset_find_dp(spa->spa_dsl_pool,
+           spa->spa_dsl_pool->dp_root_dir_obj, verify_dataset_name_len, NULL,
+           DS_FIND_CHILDREN);
+       dsl_pool_config_exit(spa->spa_dsl_pool, FTAG);
+       if (error != 0)
+               return (error);
+
        rio = zio_root(spa, NULL, &sle,
            ZIO_FLAG_CANFAIL | ZIO_FLAG_SPECULATIVE);
 
@@ -2134,6 +2248,11 @@ spa_load(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type,
                    mosconfig, &ereport);
        }
 
+       /*
+        * Don't count references from objsets that are already closed
+        * and are making their way through the eviction process.
+        */
+       spa_evicting_os_wait(spa);
        spa->spa_minref = refcount_count(&spa->spa_refcount);
        if (error) {
                if (error != EEXIST) {
@@ -2150,6 +2269,38 @@ spa_load(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type,
        return (error);
 }
 
+#ifdef ZFS_DEBUG
+/*
+ * Count the number of per-vdev ZAPs associated with all of the vdevs in the
+ * vdev tree rooted in the given vd, and ensure that each ZAP is present in the
+ * spa's per-vdev ZAP list.
+ */
+static uint64_t
+vdev_count_verify_zaps(vdev_t *vd)
+{
+       spa_t *spa = vd->vdev_spa;
+       uint64_t total = 0;
+       uint64_t i;
+
+       if (vd->vdev_top_zap != 0) {
+               total++;
+               ASSERT0(zap_lookup_int(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps, vd->vdev_top_zap));
+       }
+       if (vd->vdev_leaf_zap != 0) {
+               total++;
+               ASSERT0(zap_lookup_int(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps, vd->vdev_leaf_zap));
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < vd->vdev_children; i++) {
+               total += vdev_count_verify_zaps(vd->vdev_child[i]);
+       }
+
+       return (total);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Load an existing storage pool, using the pool's builtin spa_config as a
  * source of configuration information.
@@ -2170,6 +2321,7 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
        int parse, i;
        uint64_t obj;
        boolean_t missing_feat_write = B_FALSE;
+       nvlist_t *mos_config;
 
        /*
         * If this is an untrusted config, access the pool in read-only mode.
@@ -2212,6 +2364,8 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
                return (error);
 
        ASSERT(spa->spa_root_vdev == rvd);
+       ASSERT3U(spa->spa_min_ashift, >=, SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
+       ASSERT3U(spa->spa_max_ashift, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSHIFT);
 
        if (type != SPA_IMPORT_ASSEMBLE) {
                ASSERT(spa_guid(spa) == pool_guid);
@@ -2566,6 +2720,38 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
        if (error != 0 && error != ENOENT)
                return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
 
+       /*
+        * Load the per-vdev ZAP map. If we have an older pool, this will not
+        * be present; in this case, defer its creation to a later time to
+        * avoid dirtying the MOS this early / out of sync context. See
+        * spa_sync_config_object.
+        */
+
+       /* The sentinel is only available in the MOS config. */
+       if (load_nvlist(spa, spa->spa_config_object, &mos_config) != 0)
+               return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
+
+       error = spa_dir_prop(spa, DMU_POOL_VDEV_ZAP_MAP,
+           &spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps);
+
+       if (error != ENOENT && error != 0) {
+               return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
+       } else if (error == 0 && !nvlist_exists(mos_config,
+           ZPOOL_CONFIG_HAS_PER_VDEV_ZAPS)) {
+               /*
+                * An older version of ZFS overwrote the sentinel value, so
+                * we have orphaned per-vdev ZAPs in the MOS. Defer their
+                * destruction to later; see spa_sync_config_object.
+                */
+               spa->spa_avz_action = AVZ_ACTION_DESTROY;
+               /*
+                * We're assuming that no vdevs have had their ZAPs created
+                * before this. Better be sure of it.
+                */
+               ASSERT0(vdev_count_verify_zaps(spa->spa_root_vdev));
+       }
+       nvlist_free(mos_config);
+
        /*
         * If we're assembling the pool from the split-off vdevs of
         * an existing pool, we don't want to attach the spares & cache
@@ -2700,7 +2886,7 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
                if (rvd->vdev_state <= VDEV_STATE_CANT_OPEN)
                        return (SET_ERROR(ENXIO));
 
-               if (spa_check_logs(spa)) {
+               if (spa_writeable(spa) && spa_check_logs(spa)) {
                        *ereport = FM_EREPORT_ZFS_LOG_REPLAY;
                        return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_BAD_LOG, ENXIO));
                }
@@ -2731,6 +2917,7 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
            spa->spa_load_max_txg == UINT64_MAX)) {
                dmu_tx_t *tx;
                int need_update = B_FALSE;
+               dsl_pool_t *dp = spa_get_dsl(spa);
                int c;
 
                ASSERT(state != SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT);
@@ -2744,9 +2931,8 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
                 */
                spa->spa_claiming = B_TRUE;
 
-               tx = dmu_tx_create_assigned(spa_get_dsl(spa),
-                   spa_first_txg(spa));
-               (void) dmu_objset_find(spa_name(spa),
+               tx = dmu_tx_create_assigned(dp, spa_first_txg(spa));
+               (void) dmu_objset_find_dp(dp, dp->dp_root_dir_obj,
                    zil_claim, tx, DS_FIND_CHILDREN);
                dmu_tx_commit(tx);
 
@@ -3046,10 +3232,8 @@ spa_open_common(const char *pool, spa_t **spapp, void *tag, nvlist_t *nvpolicy,
                mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
        }
 
-#ifdef _KERNEL
        if (firstopen)
-               zvol_create_minors(spa->spa_name);
-#endif
+               zvol_create_minors(spa, spa_name(spa), B_TRUE);
 
        *spapp = spa;
 
@@ -3197,20 +3381,18 @@ spa_add_l2cache(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
                            ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_STATS, (uint64_t **)&vs, &vsc)
                            == 0);
                        vdev_get_stats(vd, vs);
+                       vdev_config_generate_stats(vd, l2cache[i]);
+
                }
        }
 }
 
 static void
-spa_add_feature_stats(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
+spa_feature_stats_from_disk(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *features)
 {
-       nvlist_t *features;
        zap_cursor_t zc;
        zap_attribute_t za;
 
-       ASSERT(spa_config_held(spa, SCL_CONFIG, RW_READER));
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&features, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
-
        if (spa->spa_feat_for_read_obj != 0) {
                for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset,
                    spa->spa_feat_for_read_obj);
@@ -3218,7 +3400,7 @@ spa_add_feature_stats(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
                    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
                        ASSERT(za.za_integer_length == sizeof (uint64_t) &&
                            za.za_num_integers == 1);
-                       VERIFY3U(0, ==, nvlist_add_uint64(features, za.za_name,
+                       VERIFY0(nvlist_add_uint64(features, za.za_name,
                            za.za_first_integer));
                }
                zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
@@ -3231,15 +3413,62 @@ spa_add_feature_stats(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
                    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
                        ASSERT(za.za_integer_length == sizeof (uint64_t) &&
                            za.za_num_integers == 1);
-                       VERIFY3U(0, ==, nvlist_add_uint64(features, za.za_name,
+                       VERIFY0(nvlist_add_uint64(features, za.za_name,
                            za.za_first_integer));
                }
                zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
        }
+}
+
+static void
+spa_feature_stats_from_cache(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *features)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < SPA_FEATURES; i++) {
+               zfeature_info_t feature = spa_feature_table[i];
+               uint64_t refcount;
+
+               if (feature_get_refcount(spa, &feature, &refcount) != 0)
+                       continue;
+
+               VERIFY0(nvlist_add_uint64(features, feature.fi_guid, refcount));
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Store a list of pool features and their reference counts in the
+ * config.
+ *
+ * The first time this is called on a spa, allocate a new nvlist, fetch
+ * the pool features and reference counts from disk, then save the list
+ * in the spa. In subsequent calls on the same spa use the saved nvlist
+ * and refresh its values from the cached reference counts.  This
+ * ensures we don't block here on I/O on a suspended pool so 'zpool
+ * clear' can resume the pool.
+ */
+static void
+spa_add_feature_stats(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
+{
+       nvlist_t *features;
+
+       ASSERT(spa_config_held(spa, SCL_CONFIG, RW_READER));
+
+       mutex_enter(&spa->spa_feat_stats_lock);
+       features = spa->spa_feat_stats;
+
+       if (features != NULL) {
+               spa_feature_stats_from_cache(spa, features);
+       } else {
+               VERIFY0(nvlist_alloc(&features, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP));
+               spa->spa_feat_stats = features;
+               spa_feature_stats_from_disk(spa, features);
+       }
+
+       VERIFY0(nvlist_add_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_FEATURE_STATS,
+           features));
 
-       VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_FEATURE_STATS,
-           features) == 0);
-       nvlist_free(features);
+       mutex_exit(&spa->spa_feat_stats_lock);
 }
 
 int
@@ -3730,6 +3959,11 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
 
        spa_history_log_version(spa, "create");
 
+       /*
+        * Don't count references from objsets that are already closed
+        * and are making their way through the eviction process.
+        */
+       spa_evicting_os_wait(spa);
        spa->spa_minref = refcount_count(&spa->spa_refcount);
 
        mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
@@ -3737,7 +3971,7 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
        return (0);
 }
 
-#ifdef _KERNEL
+#if defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(__linux__)
 /*
  * Get the root pool information from the root disk, then import the root pool
  * during the system boot up time.
@@ -3940,7 +4174,7 @@ out:
        return (error);
 }
 
-#endif
+#endif /* defined(_KERNEL) && !defined(__linux__) */
 
 /*
  * Import a non-root pool into the system.
@@ -4121,10 +4355,7 @@ spa_import(char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props, uint64_t flags)
 
        mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
        spa_history_log_version(spa, "import");
-
-#ifdef _KERNEL
-       zvol_create_minors(pool);
-#endif
+       zvol_create_minors(spa, pool, B_TRUE);
 
        return (0);
 }
@@ -4259,33 +4490,39 @@ spa_export_common(char *pool, int new_state, nvlist_t **oldconfig,
        spa_open_ref(spa, FTAG);
        mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
        spa_async_suspend(spa);
+       if (spa->spa_zvol_taskq) {
+               zvol_remove_minors(spa, spa_name(spa), B_TRUE);
+               taskq_wait(spa->spa_zvol_taskq);
+       }
        mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
        spa_close(spa, FTAG);
 
+       if (spa->spa_state == POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED)
+               goto export_spa;
        /*
-        * The pool will be in core if it's openable,
-        * in which case we can modify its state.
+        * The pool will be in core if it's openable, in which case we can
+        * modify its state.  Objsets may be open only because they're dirty,
+        * so we have to force it to sync before checking spa_refcnt.
         */
-       if (spa->spa_state != POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED && spa->spa_sync_on) {
-               /*
-                * Objsets may be open only because they're dirty, so we
-                * have to force it to sync before checking spa_refcnt.
-                */
+       if (spa->spa_sync_on) {
                txg_wait_synced(spa->spa_dsl_pool, 0);
+               spa_evicting_os_wait(spa);
+       }
 
-               /*
-                * A pool cannot be exported or destroyed if there are active
-                * references.  If we are resetting a pool, allow references by
-                * fault injection handlers.
-                */
-               if (!spa_refcount_zero(spa) ||
-                   (spa->spa_inject_ref != 0 &&
-                   new_state != POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED)) {
-                       spa_async_resume(spa);
-                       mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
-                       return (SET_ERROR(EBUSY));
-               }
+       /*
+        * A pool cannot be exported or destroyed if there are active
+        * references.  If we are resetting a pool, allow references by
+        * fault injection handlers.
+        */
+       if (!spa_refcount_zero(spa) ||
+           (spa->spa_inject_ref != 0 &&
+           new_state != POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED)) {
+               spa_async_resume(spa);
+               mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
+               return (SET_ERROR(EBUSY));
+       }
 
+       if (spa->spa_sync_on) {
                /*
                 * A pool cannot be exported if it has an active shared spare.
                 * This is to prevent other pools stealing the active spare
@@ -4314,6 +4551,7 @@ spa_export_common(char *pool, int new_state, nvlist_t **oldconfig,
                }
        }
 
+export_spa:
        spa_event_notify(spa, NULL, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_POOL_DESTROY);
 
        if (spa->spa_state != POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
@@ -5054,6 +5292,16 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
                    vml[c]->vdev_top->vdev_asize) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(child[c], ZPOOL_CONFIG_ASHIFT,
                    vml[c]->vdev_top->vdev_ashift) == 0);
+
+               /* transfer per-vdev ZAPs */
+               ASSERT3U(vml[c]->vdev_leaf_zap, !=, 0);
+               VERIFY0(nvlist_add_uint64(child[c],
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_LEAF_ZAP, vml[c]->vdev_leaf_zap));
+
+               ASSERT3U(vml[c]->vdev_top->vdev_top_zap, !=, 0);
+               VERIFY0(nvlist_add_uint64(child[c],
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_TOP_ZAP,
+                   vml[c]->vdev_parent->vdev_top_zap));
        }
 
        if (error != 0) {
@@ -5095,11 +5343,13 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
            spa->spa_config_txg) == 0);
        VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_POOL_GUID,
            spa_generate_guid(NULL)) == 0);
+       VERIFY0(nvlist_add_boolean(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_HAS_PER_VDEV_ZAPS));
        (void) nvlist_lookup_string(props,
            zpool_prop_to_name(ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT), &altroot);
 
        /* add the new pool to the namespace */
        newspa = spa_add(newname, config, altroot);
+       newspa->spa_avz_action = AVZ_ACTION_REBUILD;
        newspa->spa_config_txg = spa->spa_config_txg;
        spa_set_log_state(newspa, SPA_LOG_CLEAR);
 
@@ -5157,9 +5407,11 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
                        if (error == 0)
                                spa_history_log_internal(spa, "detach", tx,
                                    "vdev=%s", vml[c]->vdev_path);
+
                        vdev_free(vml[c]);
                }
        }
+       spa->spa_avz_action = AVZ_ACTION_REBUILD;
        vdev_config_dirty(spa->spa_root_vdev);
        spa->spa_config_splitting = NULL;
        nvlist_free(nvl);
@@ -5824,13 +6076,34 @@ spa_async_resume(spa_t *spa)
        mutex_exit(&spa->spa_async_lock);
 }
 
+static boolean_t
+spa_async_tasks_pending(spa_t *spa)
+{
+       uint_t non_config_tasks;
+       uint_t config_task;
+       boolean_t config_task_suspended;
+
+       non_config_tasks = spa->spa_async_tasks & ~SPA_ASYNC_CONFIG_UPDATE;
+       config_task = spa->spa_async_tasks & SPA_ASYNC_CONFIG_UPDATE;
+       if (spa->spa_ccw_fail_time == 0) {
+               config_task_suspended = B_FALSE;
+       } else {
+               config_task_suspended =
+                   (gethrtime() - spa->spa_ccw_fail_time) <
+                   (zfs_ccw_retry_interval * NANOSEC);
+       }
+
+       return (non_config_tasks || (config_task && !config_task_suspended));
+}
+
 static void
 spa_async_dispatch(spa_t *spa)
 {
        mutex_enter(&spa->spa_async_lock);
-       if (spa->spa_async_tasks && !spa->spa_async_suspended &&
+       if (spa_async_tasks_pending(spa) &&
+           !spa->spa_async_suspended &&
            spa->spa_async_thread == NULL &&
-           rootdir != NULL && !vn_is_readonly(rootdir))
+           rootdir != NULL)
                spa->spa_async_thread = thread_create(NULL, 0,
                    spa_async_thread, spa, 0, &p0, TS_RUN, maxclsyspri);
        mutex_exit(&spa->spa_async_lock);
@@ -5972,16 +6245,120 @@ spa_sync_aux_dev(spa_t *spa, spa_aux_vdev_t *sav, dmu_tx_t *tx,
        sav->sav_sync = B_FALSE;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Rebuild spa's all-vdev ZAP from the vdev ZAPs indicated in each vdev_t.
+ * The all-vdev ZAP must be empty.
+ */
+static void
+spa_avz_build(vdev_t *vd, uint64_t avz, dmu_tx_t *tx)
+{
+       spa_t *spa = vd->vdev_spa;
+       uint64_t i;
+
+       if (vd->vdev_top_zap != 0) {
+               VERIFY0(zap_add_int(spa->spa_meta_objset, avz,
+                   vd->vdev_top_zap, tx));
+       }
+       if (vd->vdev_leaf_zap != 0) {
+               VERIFY0(zap_add_int(spa->spa_meta_objset, avz,
+                   vd->vdev_leaf_zap, tx));
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < vd->vdev_children; i++) {
+               spa_avz_build(vd->vdev_child[i], avz, tx);
+       }
+}
+
 static void
 spa_sync_config_object(spa_t *spa, dmu_tx_t *tx)
 {
        nvlist_t *config;
 
-       if (list_is_empty(&spa->spa_config_dirty_list))
+       /*
+        * If the pool is being imported from a pre-per-vdev-ZAP version of ZFS,
+        * its config may not be dirty but we still need to build per-vdev ZAPs.
+        * Similarly, if the pool is being assembled (e.g. after a split), we
+        * need to rebuild the AVZ although the config may not be dirty.
+        */
+       if (list_is_empty(&spa->spa_config_dirty_list) &&
+           spa->spa_avz_action == AVZ_ACTION_NONE)
                return;
 
        spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG, RW_READER);
 
+       ASSERT(spa->spa_avz_action == AVZ_ACTION_NONE ||
+           spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps != 0);
+
+       if (spa->spa_avz_action == AVZ_ACTION_REBUILD) {
+               zap_cursor_t zc;
+               zap_attribute_t za;
+
+               /* Make and build the new AVZ */
+               uint64_t new_avz = zap_create(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   DMU_OTN_ZAP_METADATA, DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx);
+               spa_avz_build(spa->spa_root_vdev, new_avz, tx);
+
+               /* Diff old AVZ with new one */
+               for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps);
+                   zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
+                   zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
+                       uint64_t vdzap = za.za_first_integer;
+                       if (zap_lookup_int(spa->spa_meta_objset, new_avz,
+                           vdzap) == ENOENT) {
+                               /*
+                                * ZAP is listed in old AVZ but not in new one;
+                                * destroy it
+                                */
+                               VERIFY0(zap_destroy(spa->spa_meta_objset, vdzap,
+                                   tx));
+                       }
+               }
+
+               zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
+
+               /* Destroy the old AVZ */
+               VERIFY0(zap_destroy(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps, tx));
+
+               /* Replace the old AVZ in the dir obj with the new one */
+               VERIFY0(zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_VDEV_ZAP_MAP,
+                   sizeof (new_avz), 1, &new_avz, tx));
+
+               spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps = new_avz;
+       } else if (spa->spa_avz_action == AVZ_ACTION_DESTROY) {
+               zap_cursor_t zc;
+               zap_attribute_t za;
+
+               /* Walk through the AVZ and destroy all listed ZAPs */
+               for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps);
+                   zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
+                   zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
+                       uint64_t zap = za.za_first_integer;
+                       VERIFY0(zap_destroy(spa->spa_meta_objset, zap, tx));
+               }
+
+               zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
+
+               /* Destroy and unlink the AVZ itself */
+               VERIFY0(zap_destroy(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps, tx));
+               VERIFY0(zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_VDEV_ZAP_MAP, tx));
+               spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps == 0) {
+               spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps = zap_create_link(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   DMU_OTN_ZAP_METADATA, DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT,
+                   DMU_POOL_VDEV_ZAP_MAP, tx);
+       }
+       spa->spa_avz_action = AVZ_ACTION_NONE;
+
+       /* Create ZAPs for vdevs that don't have them. */
+       vdev_construct_zaps(spa->spa_root_vdev, tx);
+
        config = spa_config_generate(spa, spa->spa_root_vdev,
            dmu_tx_get_txg(tx), B_FALSE);
 
@@ -5995,8 +6372,7 @@ spa_sync_config_object(spa_t *spa, dmu_tx_t *tx)
 
        spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG);
 
-       if (spa->spa_config_syncing)
-               nvlist_free(spa->spa_config_syncing);
+       nvlist_free(spa->spa_config_syncing);
        spa->spa_config_syncing = config;
 
        spa_sync_nvlist(spa, spa->spa_config_object, config, tx);
@@ -6307,21 +6683,6 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                }
        }
 
-       /*
-        * If anything has changed in this txg, or if someone is waiting
-        * for this txg to sync (eg, spa_vdev_remove()), push the
-        * deferred frees from the previous txg.  If not, leave them
-        * alone so that we don't generate work on an otherwise idle
-        * system.
-        */
-       if (!txg_list_empty(&dp->dp_dirty_datasets, txg) ||
-           !txg_list_empty(&dp->dp_dirty_dirs, txg) ||
-           !txg_list_empty(&dp->dp_sync_tasks, txg) ||
-           ((dsl_scan_active(dp->dp_scan) ||
-           txg_sync_waiting(dp)) && !spa_shutting_down(spa))) {
-               spa_sync_deferred_frees(spa, tx);
-       }
-
        /*
         * Iterate to convergence.
         */
@@ -6339,6 +6700,11 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                if (pass < zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free) {
                        spa_sync_frees(spa, free_bpl, tx);
                } else {
+                       /*
+                        * We can not defer frees in pass 1, because
+                        * we sync the deferred frees later in pass 1.
+                        */
+                       ASSERT3U(pass, >, 1);
                        bplist_iterate(free_bpl, bpobj_enqueue_cb,
                            &spa->spa_deferred_bpobj, tx);
                }
@@ -6349,11 +6715,57 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                while ((vd = txg_list_remove(&spa->spa_vdev_txg_list, txg)))
                        vdev_sync(vd, txg);
 
-               if (pass == 1)
+               if (pass == 1) {
                        spa_sync_upgrades(spa, tx);
+                       ASSERT3U(txg, >=,
+                           spa->spa_uberblock.ub_rootbp.blk_birth);
+                       /*
+                        * Note: We need to check if the MOS is dirty
+                        * because we could have marked the MOS dirty
+                        * without updating the uberblock (e.g. if we
+                        * have sync tasks but no dirty user data).  We
+                        * need to check the uberblock's rootbp because
+                        * it is updated if we have synced out dirty
+                        * data (though in this case the MOS will most
+                        * likely also be dirty due to second order
+                        * effects, we don't want to rely on that here).
+                        */
+                       if (spa->spa_uberblock.ub_rootbp.blk_birth < txg &&
+                           !dmu_objset_is_dirty(mos, txg)) {
+                               /*
+                                * Nothing changed on the first pass,
+                                * therefore this TXG is a no-op.  Avoid
+                                * syncing deferred frees, so that we
+                                * can keep this TXG as a no-op.
+                                */
+                               ASSERT(txg_list_empty(&dp->dp_dirty_datasets,
+                                   txg));
+                               ASSERT(txg_list_empty(&dp->dp_dirty_dirs, txg));
+                               ASSERT(txg_list_empty(&dp->dp_sync_tasks, txg));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       spa_sync_deferred_frees(spa, tx);
+               }
 
        } while (dmu_objset_is_dirty(mos, txg));
 
+#ifdef ZFS_DEBUG
+       if (!list_is_empty(&spa->spa_config_dirty_list)) {
+               /*
+                * Make sure that the number of ZAPs for all the vdevs matches
+                * the number of ZAPs in the per-vdev ZAP list. This only gets
+                * called if the config is dirty; otherwise there may be
+                * outstanding AVZ operations that weren't completed in
+                * spa_sync_config_object.
+                */
+               uint64_t all_vdev_zap_entry_count;
+               ASSERT0(zap_count(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_all_vdev_zaps, &all_vdev_zap_entry_count));
+               ASSERT3U(vdev_count_verify_zaps(spa->spa_root_vdev), ==,
+                   all_vdev_zap_entry_count);
+       }
+#endif
+
        /*
         * Rewrite the vdev configuration (which includes the uberblock)
         * to commit the transaction group.
@@ -6384,16 +6796,10 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                                if (svdcount == SPA_DVAS_PER_BP)
                                        break;
                        }
-                       error = vdev_config_sync(svd, svdcount, txg, B_FALSE);
-                       if (error != 0)
-                               error = vdev_config_sync(svd, svdcount, txg,
-                                   B_TRUE);
+                       error = vdev_config_sync(svd, svdcount, txg);
                } else {
                        error = vdev_config_sync(rvd->vdev_child,
-                           rvd->vdev_children, txg, B_FALSE);
-                       if (error != 0)
-                               error = vdev_config_sync(rvd->vdev_child,
-                                   rvd->vdev_children, txg, B_TRUE);
+                           rvd->vdev_children, txg);
                }
 
                if (error == 0)
@@ -6632,7 +7038,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_open);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_open_rewind);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_get_stats);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_create);
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_import_rootpool);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_import);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_tryimport);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_destroy);
@@ -6697,4 +7102,9 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(spa_load_verify_metadata,
 module_param(spa_load_verify_data, int, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(spa_load_verify_data,
        "Set to traverse data on pool import");
+
+module_param(zio_taskq_batch_pct, uint, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(zio_taskq_batch_pct,
+       "Percentage of CPUs to run an IO worker thread");
+
 #endif