ceph/src/rapidjson/thirdparty/gtest/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc

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  29 //
  30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
  31
  32 // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
  33 //
  34 // This file tests the universal value printer.
  35
  36 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
  37
  38 #include <ctype.h>
  39 #include <limits.h>
  40 #include <string.h>
  41 #include <algorithm>
  42 #include <deque>
  43 #include <list>
  44 #include <map>
  45 #include <set>
  46 #include <sstream>
  47 #include <string>
  48 #include <utility>
  49 #include <vector>
  50
  51 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
  52
  53 // hash_map and hash_set are available under Visual C++, or on Linux.
  54 #if GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
  55 # include <hash_map>            // NOLINT
  56 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
  57 #if GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
  58 # include <hash_set>            // NOLINT
  59 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
  60
  61 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  62 # include <forward_list> // NOLINT
  63 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  64
  65 // Some user-defined types for testing the universal value printer.
  66
  67 // An anonymous enum type.
  68 enum AnonymousEnum {
  69   kAE1 = -1,
  70   kAE2 = 1
  71 };
  72
  73 // An enum without a user-defined printer.
  74 enum EnumWithoutPrinter {
  75   kEWP1 = -2,
  76   kEWP2 = 42
  77 };
  78
  79 // An enum with a << operator.
  80 enum EnumWithStreaming {
  81   kEWS1 = 10
  82 };
  83
  84 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumWithStreaming e) {
  85   return os << (e == kEWS1 ? "kEWS1" : "invalid");
  86 }
  87
  88 // An enum with a PrintTo() function.
  89 enum EnumWithPrintTo {
  90   kEWPT1 = 1
  91 };
  92
  93 void PrintTo(EnumWithPrintTo e, std::ostream* os) {
  94   *os << (e == kEWPT1 ? "kEWPT1" : "invalid");
  95 }
  96
  97 // A class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
  98 class BiggestIntConvertible {
  99  public:
 100   operator ::testing::internal::BiggestInt() const { return 42; }
 101 };
 102
 103 // A user-defined unprintable class template in the global namespace.
 104 template <typename T>
 105 class UnprintableTemplateInGlobal {
 106  public:
 107   UnprintableTemplateInGlobal() : value_() {}
 108  private:
 109   T value_;
 110 };
 111
 112 // A user-defined streamable type in the global namespace.
 113 class StreamableInGlobal {
 114  public:
 115   virtual ~StreamableInGlobal() {}
 116 };
 117
 118 inline void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal& /* x */) {
 119   os << "StreamableInGlobal";
 120 }
 121
 122 void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal* /* x */) {
 123   os << "StreamableInGlobal*";
 124 }
 125
 126 namespace foo {
 127
 128 // A user-defined unprintable type in a user namespace.
 129 class UnprintableInFoo {
 130  public:
 131   UnprintableInFoo() : z_(0) { memcpy(xy_, "\xEF\x12\x0\x0\x34\xAB\x0\x0", 8); }
 132   double z() const { return z_; }
 133  private:
 134   char xy_[8];
 135   double z_;
 136 };
 137
 138 // A user-defined printable type in a user-chosen namespace.
 139 struct PrintableViaPrintTo {
 140   PrintableViaPrintTo() : value() {}
 141   int value;
 142 };
 143
 144 void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintTo& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
 145   *os << "PrintableViaPrintTo: " << x.value;
 146 }
 147
 148 // A type with a user-defined << for printing its pointer.
 149 struct PointerPrintable {
 150 };
 151
 152 ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
 153                            const PointerPrintable* /* x */) {
 154   return os << "PointerPrintable*";
 155 }
 156
 157 // A user-defined printable class template in a user-chosen namespace.
 158 template <typename T>
 159 class PrintableViaPrintToTemplate {
 160  public:
 161   explicit PrintableViaPrintToTemplate(const T& a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
 162
 163   const T& value() const { return value_; }
 164  private:
 165   T value_;
 166 };
 167
 168 template <typename T>
 169 void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<T>& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
 170   *os << "PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: " << x.value();
 171 }
 172
 173 // A user-defined streamable class template in a user namespace.
 174 template <typename T>
 175 class StreamableTemplateInFoo {
 176  public:
 177   StreamableTemplateInFoo() : value_() {}
 178
 179   const T& value() const { return value_; }
 180  private:
 181   T value_;
 182 };
 183
 184 template <typename T>
 185 inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
 186                                   const StreamableTemplateInFoo<T>& x) {
 187   return os << "StreamableTemplateInFoo: " << x.value();
 188 }
 189
 190 }  // namespace foo
 191
 192 namespace testing {
 193 namespace gtest_printers_test {
 194
 195 using ::std::deque;
 196 using ::std::list;
 197 using ::std::make_pair;
 198 using ::std::map;
 199 using ::std::multimap;
 200 using ::std::multiset;
 201 using ::std::pair;
 202 using ::std::set;
 203 using ::std::vector;
 204 using ::testing::PrintToString;
 205 using ::testing::internal::FormatForComparisonFailureMessage;
 206 using ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_;
 207 using ::testing::internal::NativeArray;
 208 using ::testing::internal::RE;
 209 using ::testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
 210 using ::testing::internal::Strings;
 211 using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint;
 212 using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter;
 213 using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint;
 214 using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings;
 215 using ::testing::internal::string;
 216
 217 // The hash_* classes are not part of the C++ standard.  STLport
 218 // defines them in namespace std.  MSVC defines them in ::stdext.  GCC
 219 // defines them in ::.
 220 #ifdef _STLP_HASH_MAP  // We got <hash_map> from STLport.
 221 using ::std::hash_map;
 222 using ::std::hash_set;
 223 using ::std::hash_multimap;
 224 using ::std::hash_multiset;
 225 #elif _MSC_VER
 226 using ::stdext::hash_map;
 227 using ::stdext::hash_set;
 228 using ::stdext::hash_multimap;
 229 using ::stdext::hash_multiset;
 230 #endif
 231
 232 // Prints a value to a string using the universal value printer.  This
 233 // is a helper for testing UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() for various types.
 234 template <typename T>
 235 string Print(const T& value) {
 236   ::std::stringstream ss;
 237   UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
 238   return ss.str();
 239 }
 240
 241 // Prints a value passed by reference to a string, using the universal
 242 // value printer.  This is a helper for testing
 243 // UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print() for various types.
 244 template <typename T>
 245 string PrintByRef(const T& value) {
 246   ::std::stringstream ss;
 247   UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print(value, &ss);
 248   return ss.str();
 249 }
 250
 251 // Tests printing various enum types.
 252
 253 TEST(PrintEnumTest, AnonymousEnum) {
 254   EXPECT_EQ("-1", Print(kAE1));
 255   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(kAE2));
 256 }
 257
 258 TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithoutPrinter) {
 259   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(kEWP1));
 260   EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(kEWP2));
 261 }
 262
 263 TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithStreaming) {
 264   EXPECT_EQ("kEWS1", Print(kEWS1));
 265   EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithStreaming>(0)));
 266 }
 267
 268 TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithPrintTo) {
 269   EXPECT_EQ("kEWPT1", Print(kEWPT1));
 270   EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithPrintTo>(0)));
 271 }
 272
 273 // Tests printing a class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
 274
 275 TEST(PrintClassTest, BiggestIntConvertible) {
 276   EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(BiggestIntConvertible()));
 277 }
 278
 279 // Tests printing various char types.
 280
 281 // char.
 282 TEST(PrintCharTest, PlainChar) {
 283   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print('\0'));
 284   EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print('\''));
 285   EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print('"'));
 286   EXPECT_EQ("'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print('?'));
 287   EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print('\\'));
 288   EXPECT_EQ("'\\a' (7)", Print('\a'));
 289   EXPECT_EQ("'\\b' (8)", Print('\b'));
 290   EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print('\f'));
 291   EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print('\n'));
 292   EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print('\r'));
 293   EXPECT_EQ("'\\t' (9)", Print('\t'));
 294   EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print('\v'));
 295   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x7F' (127)", Print('\x7F'));
 296   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print('\xFF'));
 297   EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(' '));
 298   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", Print('a'));
 299 }
 300
 301 // signed char.
 302 TEST(PrintCharTest, SignedChar) {
 303   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<signed char>('\0')));
 304   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xCE' (-50)",
 305             Print(static_cast<signed char>(-50)));
 306 }
 307
 308 // unsigned char.
 309 TEST(PrintCharTest, UnsignedChar) {
 310   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('\0')));
 311   EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98, 0x62)",
 312             Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('b')));
 313 }
 314
 315 // Tests printing other simple, built-in types.
 316
 317 // bool.
 318 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
 319   EXPECT_EQ("false", Print(false));
 320   EXPECT_EQ("true", Print(true));
 321 }
 322
 323 // wchar_t.
 324 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Wchar_t) {
 325   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\0'", Print(L'\0'));
 326   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print(L'\''));
 327   EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print(L'"'));
 328   EXPECT_EQ("L'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print(L'?'));
 329   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print(L'\\'));
 330   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\a' (7)", Print(L'\a'));
 331   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\b' (8)", Print(L'\b'));
 332   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print(L'\f'));
 333   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print(L'\n'));
 334   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print(L'\r'));
 335   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\t' (9)", Print(L'\t'));
 336   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print(L'\v'));
 337   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x7F' (127)", Print(L'\x7F'));
 338   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xFF' (255)", Print(L'\xFF'));
 339   EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(L' '));
 340   EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97, 0x61)", Print(L'a'));
 341   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x576' (1398)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
 342   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xC74D' (51021)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
 343 }
 344
 345 // Test that Int64 provides more storage than wchar_t.
 346 TEST(PrintTypeSizeTest, Wchar_t) {
 347   EXPECT_LT(sizeof(wchar_t), sizeof(testing::internal::Int64));
 348 }
 349
 350 // Various integer types.
 351 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Integer) {
 352   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>(255)));  // uint8
 353   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x80' (-128)", Print(static_cast<signed char>(-128)));  // int8
 354   EXPECT_EQ("65535", Print(USHRT_MAX));  // uint16
 355   EXPECT_EQ("-32768", Print(SHRT_MIN));  // int16
 356   EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", Print(UINT_MAX));  // uint32
 357   EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", Print(INT_MIN));  // int32
 358   EXPECT_EQ("18446744073709551615",
 359             Print(static_cast<testing::internal::UInt64>(-1)));  // uint64
 360   EXPECT_EQ("-9223372036854775808",
 361             Print(static_cast<testing::internal::Int64>(1) << 63));  // int64
 362 }
 363
 364 // Size types.
 365 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Size_t) {
 366   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(sizeof('a')));  // size_t.
 367 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 368   // Windows has no ssize_t type.
 369   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(static_cast<ssize_t>(-2)));  // ssize_t.
 370 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 371 }
 372
 373 // Floating-points.
 374 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, FloatingPoints) {
 375   EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f));   // float
 376   EXPECT_EQ("-2.5", Print(-2.5));  // double
 377 }
 378
 379 // Since ::std::stringstream::operator<<(const void *) formats the pointer
 380 // output differently with different compilers, we have to create the expected
 381 // output first and use it as our expectation.
 382 static string PrintPointer(const void *p) {
 383   ::std::stringstream expected_result_stream;
 384   expected_result_stream << p;
 385   return expected_result_stream.str();
 386 }
 387
 388 // Tests printing C strings.
 389
 390 // const char*.
 391 TEST(PrintCStringTest, Const) {
 392   const char* p = "World";
 393   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"World\"", Print(p));
 394 }
 395
 396 // char*.
 397 TEST(PrintCStringTest, NonConst) {
 398   char p[] = "Hi";
 399   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"Hi\"",
 400             Print(static_cast<char*>(p)));
 401 }
 402
 403 // NULL C string.
 404 TEST(PrintCStringTest, Null) {
 405   const char* p = NULL;
 406   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 407 }
 408
 409 // Tests that C strings are escaped properly.
 410 TEST(PrintCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
 411   const char* p = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
 412   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
 413             "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\"",
 414             Print(p));
 415 }
 416
 417 // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
 418 // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
 419 // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
 420 // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
 421 // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
 422 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
 423 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
 424
 425 // const wchar_t*.
 426 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Const) {
 427   const wchar_t* p = L"World";
 428   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"World\"", Print(p));
 429 }
 430
 431 // wchar_t*.
 432 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, NonConst) {
 433   wchar_t p[] = L"Hi";
 434   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"Hi\"",
 435             Print(static_cast<wchar_t*>(p)));
 436 }
 437
 438 // NULL wide C string.
 439 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Null) {
 440   const wchar_t* p = NULL;
 441   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 442 }
 443
 444 // Tests that wide C strings are escaped properly.
 445 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
 446   const wchar_t s[] = {'\'', '"', '?', '\\', '\a', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r',
 447                        '\t', '\v', 0xD3, 0x576, 0x8D3, 0xC74D, ' ', 'a', '\0'};
 448   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s) + " pointing to L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
 449             "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\"",
 450             Print(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s)));
 451 }
 452 #endif  // native wchar_t
 453
 454 // Tests printing pointers to other char types.
 455
 456 // signed char*.
 457 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, SignedChar) {
 458   signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
 459   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 460   p = NULL;
 461   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 462 }
 463
 464 // const signed char*.
 465 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstSignedChar) {
 466   signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
 467   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 468   p = NULL;
 469   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 470 }
 471
 472 // unsigned char*.
 473 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, UnsignedChar) {
 474   unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(0x1234);
 475   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 476   p = NULL;
 477   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 478 }
 479
 480 // const unsigned char*.
 481 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstUnsignedChar) {
 482   const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(0x1234);
 483   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 484   p = NULL;
 485   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 486 }
 487
 488 // Tests printing pointers to simple, built-in types.
 489
 490 // bool*.
 491 TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
 492   bool* p = reinterpret_cast<bool*>(0xABCD);
 493   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 494   p = NULL;
 495   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 496 }
 497
 498 // void*.
 499 TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Void) {
 500   void* p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xABCD);
 501   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 502   p = NULL;
 503   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 504 }
 505
 506 // const void*.
 507 TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, ConstVoid) {
 508   const void* p = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(0xABCD);
 509   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 510   p = NULL;
 511   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 512 }
 513
 514 // Tests printing pointers to pointers.
 515 TEST(PrintPointerToPointerTest, IntPointerPointer) {
 516   int** p = reinterpret_cast<int**>(0xABCD);
 517   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 518   p = NULL;
 519   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 520 }
 521
 522 // Tests printing (non-member) function pointers.
 523
 524 void MyFunction(int /* n */) {}
 525
 526 TEST(PrintPointerTest, NonMemberFunctionPointer) {
 527   // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
 528   // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
 529   // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
 530   // this limitation.
 531   EXPECT_EQ(
 532       PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
 533           reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(&MyFunction))),
 534       Print(&MyFunction));
 535   int (*p)(bool) = NULL;  // NOLINT
 536   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 537 }
 538
 539 // An assertion predicate determining whether a one string is a prefix for
 540 // another.
 541 template <typename StringType>
 542 AssertionResult HasPrefix(const StringType& str, const StringType& prefix) {
 543   if (str.find(prefix, 0) == 0)
 544     return AssertionSuccess();
 545
 546   const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(prefix[0]) > 1;
 547   const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
 548   return AssertionFailure()
 549       << begin_string_quote << prefix << "\" is not a prefix of "
 550       << begin_string_quote << str << "\"\n";
 551 }
 552
 553 // Tests printing member variable pointers.  Although they are called
 554 // pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
 555 // Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
 556 // printed as raw bytes.
 557
 558 struct Foo {
 559  public:
 560   virtual ~Foo() {}
 561   int MyMethod(char x) { return x + 1; }
 562   virtual char MyVirtualMethod(int /* n */) { return 'a'; }
 563
 564   int value;
 565 };
 566
 567 TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberVariablePointer) {
 568   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::value),
 569                         Print(sizeof(&Foo::value)) + "-byte object "));
 570   int (Foo::*p) = NULL;  // NOLINT
 571   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
 572                         Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
 573 }
 574
 575 // Tests printing member function pointers.  Although they are called
 576 // pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
 577 // Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
 578 // printed as raw bytes.
 579 TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberFunctionPointer) {
 580   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyMethod),
 581                         Print(sizeof(&Foo::MyMethod)) + "-byte object "));
 582   EXPECT_TRUE(
 583       HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyVirtualMethod),
 584                 Print(sizeof((&Foo::MyVirtualMethod))) + "-byte object "));
 585   int (Foo::*p)(char) = NULL;  // NOLINT
 586   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
 587                         Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
 588 }
 589
 590 // Tests printing C arrays.
 591
 592 // The difference between this and Print() is that it ensures that the
 593 // argument is a reference to an array.
 594 template <typename T, size_t N>
 595 string PrintArrayHelper(T (&a)[N]) {
 596   return Print(a);
 597 }
 598
 599 // One-dimensional array.
 600 TEST(PrintArrayTest, OneDimensionalArray) {
 601   int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 602   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 603 }
 604
 605 // Two-dimensional array.
 606 TEST(PrintArrayTest, TwoDimensionalArray) {
 607   int a[2][5] = {
 608     { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
 609     { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }
 610   };
 611   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 } }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 612 }
 613
 614 // Array of const elements.
 615 TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstArray) {
 616   const bool a[1] = { false };
 617   EXPECT_EQ("{ false }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 618 }
 619
 620 // char array without terminating NUL.
 621 TEST(PrintArrayTest, CharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
 622   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
 623   char a[] = { 'H', '\0', 'i' };
 624   EXPECT_EQ("\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 625 }
 626
 627 // const char array with terminating NUL.
 628 TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
 629   const char a[] = "\0Hi";
 630   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 631 }
 632
 633 // const wchar_t array without terminating NUL.
 634 TEST(PrintArrayTest, WCharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
 635   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
 636   const wchar_t a[] = { L'H', L'\0', L'i' };
 637   EXPECT_EQ("L\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 638 }
 639
 640 // wchar_t array with terminating NUL.
 641 TEST(PrintArrayTest, WConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
 642   const wchar_t a[] = L"\0Hi";
 643   EXPECT_EQ("L\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 644 }
 645
 646 // Array of objects.
 647 TEST(PrintArrayTest, ObjectArray) {
 648   string a[3] = { "Hi", "Hello", "Ni hao" };
 649   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"Hi\", \"Hello\", \"Ni hao\" }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 650 }
 651
 652 // Array with many elements.
 653 TEST(PrintArrayTest, BigArray) {
 654   int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 655   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }",
 656             PrintArrayHelper(a));
 657 }
 658
 659 // Tests printing ::string and ::std::string.
 660
 661 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 662 // ::string.
 663 TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
 664   const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
 665   const ::string str(s, sizeof(s));
 666   EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
 667             Print(str));
 668 }
 669 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 670
 671 // ::std::string.
 672 TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
 673   const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
 674   const ::std::string str(s, sizeof(s));
 675   EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
 676             Print(str));
 677 }
 678
 679 TEST(PrintStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
 680   // "\x6BANANA" is ambiguous, it can be interpreted as starting with either of:
 681   // '\x6', '\x6B', or '\x6BA'.
 682
 683   // a hex escaping sequence following by a decimal digit
 684   EXPECT_EQ("\"0\\x12\" \"3\"", Print(::std::string("0\x12" "3")));
 685   // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (lower-case)
 686   EXPECT_EQ("\"mm\\x6\" \"bananas\"", Print(::std::string("mm\x6" "bananas")));
 687   // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (upper-case)
 688   EXPECT_EQ("\"NOM\\x6\" \"BANANA\"", Print(::std::string("NOM\x6" "BANANA")));
 689   // a hex escaping sequence following by a non-xdigit
 690   EXPECT_EQ("\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::string("!\x5-!")));
 691 }
 692
 693 // Tests printing ::wstring and ::std::wstring.
 694
 695 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 696 // ::wstring.
 697 TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
 698   const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
 699   const ::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
 700   EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
 701             "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
 702             Print(str));
 703 }
 704 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 705
 706 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 707 // ::std::wstring.
 708 TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
 709   const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
 710   const ::std::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
 711   EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
 712             "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
 713             Print(str));
 714 }
 715
 716 TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
 717   // same for wide strings.
 718   EXPECT_EQ("L\"0\\x12\" L\"3\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"0\x12" L"3")));
 719   EXPECT_EQ("L\"mm\\x6\" L\"bananas\"",
 720             Print(::std::wstring(L"mm\x6" L"bananas")));
 721   EXPECT_EQ("L\"NOM\\x6\" L\"BANANA\"",
 722             Print(::std::wstring(L"NOM\x6" L"BANANA")));
 723   EXPECT_EQ("L\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"!\x5-!")));
 724 }
 725 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 726
 727 // Tests printing types that support generic streaming (i.e. streaming
 728 // to std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits> for any valid Char and
 729 // CharTraits types).
 730
 731 // Tests printing a non-template type that supports generic streaming.
 732
 733 class AllowsGenericStreaming {};
 734
 735 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits>
 736 std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
 737     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
 738     const AllowsGenericStreaming& /* a */) {
 739   return os << "AllowsGenericStreaming";
 740 }
 741
 742 TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, NonTemplateType) {
 743   AllowsGenericStreaming a;
 744   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreaming", Print(a));
 745 }
 746
 747 // Tests printing a template type that supports generic streaming.
 748
 749 template <typename T>
 750 class AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate {};
 751
 752 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
 753 std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
 754     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
 755     const AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
 756   return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate";
 757 }
 758
 759 TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TemplateType) {
 760   AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<int> a;
 761   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate", Print(a));
 762 }
 763
 764 // Tests printing a type that supports generic streaming and can be
 765 // implicitly converted to another printable type.
 766
 767 template <typename T>
 768 class AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate {
 769  public:
 770   operator bool() const { return false; }
 771 };
 772
 773 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
 774 std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
 775     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
 776     const AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
 777   return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate";
 778 }
 779
 780 TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TypeImplicitlyConvertible) {
 781   AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<int> a;
 782   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate", Print(a));
 783 }
 784
 785 #if GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
 786
 787 // Tests printing StringPiece.
 788
 789 TEST(PrintStringPieceTest, SimpleStringPiece) {
 790   const StringPiece sp = "Hello";
 791   EXPECT_EQ("\"Hello\"", Print(sp));
 792 }
 793
 794 TEST(PrintStringPieceTest, UnprintableCharacters) {
 795   const char str[] = "NUL (\0) and \r\t";
 796   const StringPiece sp(str, sizeof(str) - 1);
 797   EXPECT_EQ("\"NUL (\\0) and \\r\\t\"", Print(sp));
 798 }
 799
 800 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STRING_PIECE_
 801
 802 // Tests printing STL containers.
 803
 804 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, EmptyDeque) {
 805   deque<char> empty;
 806   EXPECT_EQ("{}", Print(empty));
 807 }
 808
 809 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NonEmptyDeque) {
 810   deque<int> non_empty;
 811   non_empty.push_back(1);
 812   non_empty.push_back(3);
 813   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 3 }", Print(non_empty));
 814 }
 815
 816 #if GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
 817
 818 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
 819   hash_map<int, char> map1;
 820   map1[1] = 'a';
 821   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
 822 }
 823
 824 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
 825   hash_multimap<int, bool> map1;
 826   map1.insert(make_pair(5, true));
 827   map1.insert(make_pair(5, false));
 828
 829   // Elements of hash_multimap can be printed in any order.
 830   const string result = Print(map1);
 831   EXPECT_TRUE(result == "{ (5, true), (5, false) }" ||
 832               result == "{ (5, false), (5, true) }")
 833                   << " where Print(map1) returns \"" << result << "\".";
 834 }
 835
 836 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_
 837
 838 #if GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
 839
 840 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashSet) {
 841   hash_set<string> set1;
 842   set1.insert("hello");
 843   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\" }", Print(set1));
 844 }
 845
 846 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiSet) {
 847   const int kSize = 5;
 848   int a[kSize] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
 849   hash_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);
 850
 851   // Elements of hash_multiset can be printed in any order.
 852   const string result = Print(set1);
 853   const string expected_pattern = "{ d, d, d, d, d }";  // d means a digit.
 854
 855   // Verifies the result matches the expected pattern; also extracts
 856   // the numbers in the result.
 857   ASSERT_EQ(expected_pattern.length(), result.length());
 858   std::vector<int> numbers;
 859   for (size_t i = 0; i != result.length(); i++) {
 860     if (expected_pattern[i] == 'd') {
 861       ASSERT_NE(isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i])), 0);
 862       numbers.push_back(result[i] - '0');
 863     } else {
 864       EXPECT_EQ(expected_pattern[i], result[i]) << " where result is "
 865                                                 << result;
 866     }
 867   }
 868
 869   // Makes sure the result contains the right numbers.
 870   std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
 871   std::sort(a, a + kSize);
 872   EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a, a + kSize, numbers.begin()));
 873 }
 874
 875 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_
 876
 877 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, List) {
 878   const string a[] = {
 879     "hello",
 880     "world"
 881   };
 882   const list<string> strings(a, a + 2);
 883   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\", \"world\" }", Print(strings));
 884 }
 885
 886 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Map) {
 887   map<int, bool> map1;
 888   map1[1] = true;
 889   map1[5] = false;
 890   map1[3] = true;
 891   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, true), (3, true), (5, false) }", Print(map1));
 892 }
 893
 894 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiMap) {
 895   multimap<bool, int> map1;
 896   // The make_pair template function would deduce the type as
 897   // pair<bool, int> here, and since the key part in a multimap has to
 898   // be constant, without a templated ctor in the pair class (as in
 899   // libCstd on Solaris), make_pair call would fail to compile as no
 900   // implicit conversion is found.  Thus explicit typename is used
 901   // here instead.
 902   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 0));
 903   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 1));
 904   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(false, 2));
 905   EXPECT_EQ("{ (false, 2), (true, 0), (true, 1) }", Print(map1));
 906 }
 907
 908 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Set) {
 909   const unsigned int a[] = { 3, 0, 5 };
 910   set<unsigned int> set1(a, a + 3);
 911   EXPECT_EQ("{ 0, 3, 5 }", Print(set1));
 912 }
 913
 914 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiSet) {
 915   const int a[] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
 916   multiset<int> set1(a, a + 5);
 917   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 1, 1, 2, 5 }", Print(set1));
 918 }
 919
 920 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
 921 // <slist> is available on Linux in the google3 mode, but not on
 922 // Windows or Mac OS X.
 923
 924 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, SinglyLinkedList) {
 925   int a[] = { 9, 2, 8 };
 926   const std::forward_list<int> ints(a, a + 3);
 927   EXPECT_EQ("{ 9, 2, 8 }", Print(ints));
 928 }
 929 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
 930
 931 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Pair) {
 932   pair<const bool, int> p(true, 5);
 933   EXPECT_EQ("(true, 5)", Print(p));
 934 }
 935
 936 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Vector) {
 937   vector<int> v;
 938   v.push_back(1);
 939   v.push_back(2);
 940   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2 }", Print(v));
 941 }
 942
 943 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, LongSequence) {
 944   const int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 945   const vector<int> v(a, a + 100);
 946   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "
 947             "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... }", Print(v));
 948 }
 949
 950 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NestedContainer) {
 951   const int a1[] = { 1, 2 };
 952   const int a2[] = { 3, 4, 5 };
 953   const list<int> l1(a1, a1 + 2);
 954   const list<int> l2(a2, a2 + 3);
 955
 956   vector<list<int> > v;
 957   v.push_back(l1);
 958   v.push_back(l2);
 959   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }", Print(v));
 960 }
 961
 962 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneDimensionalNativeArray) {
 963   const int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 964   NativeArray<int> b(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
 965   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3 }", Print(b));
 966 }
 967
 968 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, TwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
 969   const int a[2][3] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
 970   NativeArray<int[3]> b(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
 971   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }", Print(b));
 972 }
 973
 974 // Tests that a class named iterator isn't treated as a container.
 975
 976 struct iterator {
 977   char x;
 978 };
 979
 980 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Iterator) {
 981   iterator it = {};
 982   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
 983 }
 984
 985 // Tests that a class named const_iterator isn't treated as a container.
 986
 987 struct const_iterator {
 988   char x;
 989 };
 990
 991 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, ConstIterator) {
 992   const_iterator it = {};
 993   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
 994 }
 995
 996 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 997 // Tests printing ::std::tr1::tuples.
 998
 999 // Tuples of various arities.
1000 TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, VariousSizes) {
1001   ::std::tr1::tuple<> t0;
1002   EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
1003
1004   ::std::tr1::tuple<int> t1(5);
1005   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
1006
1007   ::std::tr1::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
1008   EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
1009
1010   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
1011   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
1012
1013   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
1014   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
1015
1016   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
1017   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
1018
1019   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
1020   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
1021
1022   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
1023       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
1024   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
1025
1026   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
1027       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
1028   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
1029
1030   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
1031       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
1032   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
1033
1034   const char* const str = "8";
1035   // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
1036   // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
1037   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
1038       testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*, string>
1039       t10(false, 'a', 3, 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,
1040           ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
1041   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
1042             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
1043             Print(t10));
1044 }
1045
1046 // Nested tuples.
1047 TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, NestedTuple) {
1048   ::std::tr1::tuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
1049       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
1050   EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
1051 }
1052
1053 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
1054
1055 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
1056 // Tests printing ::std::tuples.
1057
1058 // Tuples of various arities.
1059 TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
1060   ::std::tuple<> t0;
1061   EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
1062
1063   ::std::tuple<int> t1(5);
1064   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
1065
1066   ::std::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
1067   EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
1068
1069   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
1070   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
1071
1072   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
1073   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
1074
1075   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
1076   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
1077
1078   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
1079   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
1080
1081   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
1082       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
1083   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
1084
1085   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
1086       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
1087   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
1088
1089   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
1090       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
1091   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
1092
1093   const char* const str = "8";
1094   // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
1095   // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
1096   ::std::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
1097       testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*, string>
1098       t10(false, 'a', 3, 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,
1099           ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
1100   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
1101             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
1102             Print(t10));
1103 }
1104
1105 // Nested tuples.
1106 TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, NestedTuple) {
1107   ::std::tuple< ::std::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
1108       ::std::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
1109   EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
1110 }
1111
1112 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
1113
1114 // Tests printing user-defined unprintable types.
1115
1116 // Unprintable types in the global namespace.
1117 TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
1118   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>",
1119             Print(UnprintableTemplateInGlobal<char>()));
1120 }
1121
1122 // Unprintable types in a user namespace.
1123 TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
1124   EXPECT_EQ("16-byte object <EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
1125             Print(::foo::UnprintableInFoo()));
1126 }
1127
1128 // Unprintable types are that too big to be printed completely.
1129
1130 struct Big {
1131   Big() { memset(array, 0, sizeof(array)); }
1132   char array[257];
1133 };
1134
1135 TEST(PrintUnpritableTypeTest, BigObject) {
1136   EXPECT_EQ("257-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1137             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1138             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1139             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 ... 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1140             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1141             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1142             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00>",
1143             Print(Big()));
1144 }
1145
1146 // Tests printing user-defined streamable types.
1147
1148 // Streamable types in the global namespace.
1149 TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
1150   StreamableInGlobal x;
1151   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal", Print(x));
1152   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal*", Print(&x));
1153 }
1154
1155 // Printable template types in a user namespace.
1156 TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, TemplateTypeInUserNamespace) {
1157   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableTemplateInFoo: 0",
1158             Print(::foo::StreamableTemplateInFoo<int>()));
1159 }
1160
1161 // Tests printing user-defined types that have a PrintTo() function.
1162 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
1163   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintTo: 0",
1164             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintTo()));
1165 }
1166
1167 // Tests printing a pointer to a user-defined type that has a <<
1168 // operator for its pointer.
1169 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, PointerInUserNamespace) {
1170   ::foo::PointerPrintable x;
1171   EXPECT_EQ("PointerPrintable*", Print(&x));
1172 }
1173
1174 // Tests printing user-defined class template that have a PrintTo() function.
1175 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, TemplateInUserNamespace) {
1176   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: 5",
1177             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<int>(5)));
1178 }
1179
1180 // Tests that the universal printer prints both the address and the
1181 // value of a reference.
1182 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, PrintsAddressAndValue) {
1183   int n = 5;
1184   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&n) + " 5", PrintByRef(n));
1185
1186   int a[2][3] = {
1187     { 0, 1, 2 },
1188     { 3, 4, 5 }
1189   };
1190   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(a) + " { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }",
1191             PrintByRef(a));
1192
1193   const ::foo::UnprintableInFoo x;
1194   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&x) + " 16-byte object "
1195             "<EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
1196             PrintByRef(x));
1197 }
1198
1199 // Tests that the universal printer prints a function pointer passed by
1200 // reference.
1201 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesFunctionPointer) {
1202   void (*fp)(int n) = &MyFunction;
1203   const string fp_pointer_string =
1204       PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&fp));
1205   // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
1206   // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
1207   // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
1208   // this limitation.
1209   const string fp_string = PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
1210       reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(fp)));
1211   EXPECT_EQ("@" + fp_pointer_string + " " + fp_string,
1212             PrintByRef(fp));
1213 }
1214
1215 // Tests that the universal printer prints a member function pointer
1216 // passed by reference.
1217 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberFunctionPointer) {
1218   int (Foo::*p)(char ch) = &Foo::MyMethod;
1219   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
1220       PrintByRef(p),
1221       "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p)) + " " +
1222           Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
1223
1224   char (Foo::*p2)(int n) = &Foo::MyVirtualMethod;
1225   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
1226       PrintByRef(p2),
1227       "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p2)) + " " +
1228           Print(sizeof(p2)) + "-byte object "));
1229 }
1230
1231 // Tests that the universal printer prints a member variable pointer
1232 // passed by reference.
1233 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberVariablePointer) {
1234   int (Foo::*p) = &Foo::value;  // NOLINT
1235   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
1236       PrintByRef(p),
1237       "@" + PrintPointer(&p) + " " + Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
1238 }
1239
1240 // Tests that FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(), which is used to print
1241 // an operand in a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ) when the assertion
1242 // fails, formats the operand in the desired way.
1243
1244 // scalar
1245 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForScalar) {
1246   EXPECT_STREQ("123",
1247                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(123, 124).c_str());
1248 }
1249
1250 // non-char pointer
1251 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForNonCharPointer) {
1252   int n = 0;
1253   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&n),
1254             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&n, &n).c_str());
1255 }
1256
1257 // non-char array
1258 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, FormatsNonCharArrayAsPointer) {
1259   // In expression 'array == x', 'array' is compared by pointer.
1260   // Therefore we want to print an array operand as a pointer.
1261   int n[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
1262   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(n),
1263             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(n, n).c_str());
1264 }
1265
1266 // Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared with another pointer.
1267 // In this case we want to print it as a raw pointer, as the comparision is by
1268 // pointer.
1269
1270 // char pointer vs pointer
1271 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsPointer) {
1272   // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
1273   // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
1274   // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a C string (we don't
1275   // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid C string).
1276
1277   // const char*
1278   const char* s = "hello";
1279   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
1280             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
1281
1282   // char*
1283   char ch = 'a';
1284   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
1285             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
1286 }
1287
1288 // wchar_t pointer vs pointer
1289 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsPointer) {
1290   // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
1291   // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
1292   // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a wide C string (we don't
1293   // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid wide C string).
1294
1295   // const wchar_t*
1296   const wchar_t* s = L"hello";
1297   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
1298             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
1299
1300   // wchar_t*
1301   wchar_t ch = L'a';
1302   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
1303             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
1304 }
1305
1306 // Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared to a string object.
1307 // In this case we want to print the char pointer as a C string.
1308
1309 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
1310 // char pointer vs ::string
1311 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsString) {
1312   const char* s = "hello \"world";
1313   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1314                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::string()).c_str());
1315
1316   // char*
1317   char str[] = "hi\1";
1318   char* p = str;
1319   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1320                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::string()).c_str());
1321 }
1322 #endif
1323
1324 // char pointer vs std::string
1325 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsStdString) {
1326   const char* s = "hello \"world";
1327   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1328                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::string()).c_str());
1329
1330   // char*
1331   char str[] = "hi\1";
1332   char* p = str;
1333   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1334                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::string()).c_str());
1335 }
1336
1337 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
1338 // wchar_t pointer vs ::wstring
1339 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsWString) {
1340   const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
1341   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1342                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::wstring()).c_str());
1343
1344   // wchar_t*
1345   wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
1346   wchar_t* p = str;
1347   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1348                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::wstring()).c_str());
1349 }
1350 #endif
1351
1352 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
1353 // wchar_t pointer vs std::wstring
1354 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsStdWString) {
1355   const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
1356   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1357                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
1358
1359   // wchar_t*
1360   wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
1361   wchar_t* p = str;
1362   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1363                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
1364 }
1365 #endif
1366
1367 // Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a pointer or array.
1368 // In this case we want to print the array as a row pointer, as the comparison
1369 // is by pointer.
1370
1371 // char array vs pointer
1372 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsPointer) {
1373   char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
1374   char* p = NULL;
1375   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1376             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
1377 }
1378
1379 // char array vs char array
1380 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsCharArray) {
1381   const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
1382   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1383             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
1384 }
1385
1386 // wchar_t array vs pointer
1387 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsPointer) {
1388   wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
1389   wchar_t* p = NULL;
1390   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1391             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
1392 }
1393
1394 // wchar_t array vs wchar_t array
1395 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWCharArray) {
1396   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
1397   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1398             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
1399 }
1400
1401 // Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a string object.
1402 // In this case we want to print the array as a C string.
1403
1404 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
1405 // char array vs string
1406 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsString) {
1407   const char str[] = "hi \"w\0rld\"";
1408   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1409                                 // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
1410                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::string()).c_str());
1411 }
1412 #endif
1413
1414 // char array vs std::string
1415 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsStdString) {
1416   const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
1417   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1418                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::string()).c_str());
1419 }
1420
1421 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
1422 // wchar_t array vs wstring
1423 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWString) {
1424   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
1425   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1426                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::wstring()).c_str());
1427 }
1428 #endif
1429
1430 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
1431 // wchar_t array vs std::wstring
1432 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsStdWString) {
1433   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"w\0rld\"";
1434   EXPECT_STREQ(
1435       "L\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1436                         // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
1437       FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
1438 }
1439 #endif
1440
1441 // Useful for testing PrintToString().  We cannot use EXPECT_EQ()
1442 // there as its implementation uses PrintToString().  The caller must
1443 // ensure that 'value' has no side effect.
1444 #define EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(value, expected_string)         \
1445   EXPECT_TRUE(PrintToString(value) == (expected_string))        \
1446       << " where " #value " prints as " << (PrintToString(value))
1447
1448 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForScalar) {
1449   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(123, "123");
1450 }
1451
1452 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToConstChar) {
1453   const char* p = "hello";
1454   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
1455 }
1456
1457 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToNonConstChar) {
1458   char s[] = "hello";
1459   char* p = s;
1460   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
1461 }
1462
1463 TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToConstChar) {
1464   const char* p = "hello\n";
1465   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\n\"");
1466 }
1467
1468 TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToNonConstChar) {
1469   char s[] = "hello\1";
1470   char* p = s;
1471   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\x1\"");
1472 }
1473
1474 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForArray) {
1475   int n[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
1476   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(n, "{ 1, 2, 3 }");
1477 }
1478
1479 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArray) {
1480   char s[] = "hello";
1481   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(s, "\"hello\"");
1482 }
1483
1484 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArrayWithEmbeddedNul) {
1485   const char str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
1486   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
1487
1488   char mutable_str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
1489   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(mutable_str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
1490 }
1491
1492 #undef EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_
1493
1494 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
1495   ::std::stringstream ss;
1496   UniversalTersePrint(123, &ss);
1497   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1498 }
1499
1500 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForReference) {
1501   const int& n = 123;
1502   ::std::stringstream ss;
1503   UniversalTersePrint(n, &ss);
1504   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1505 }
1506
1507 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForCString) {
1508   const char* s1 = "abc";
1509   ::std::stringstream ss1;
1510   UniversalTersePrint(s1, &ss1);
1511   EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss1.str());
1512
1513   char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
1514   ::std::stringstream ss2;
1515   UniversalTersePrint(s2, &ss2);
1516   EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss2.str());
1517
1518   const char* s3 = NULL;
1519   ::std::stringstream ss3;
1520   UniversalTersePrint(s3, &ss3);
1521   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
1522 }
1523
1524 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
1525   ::std::stringstream ss;
1526   UniversalPrint(123, &ss);
1527   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1528 }
1529
1530 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForReference) {
1531   const int& n = 123;
1532   ::std::stringstream ss;
1533   UniversalPrint(n, &ss);
1534   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1535 }
1536
1537 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCString) {
1538   const char* s1 = "abc";
1539   ::std::stringstream ss1;
1540   UniversalPrint(s1, &ss1);
1541   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s1) + " pointing to \"abc\"", string(ss1.str()));
1542
1543   char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
1544   ::std::stringstream ss2;
1545   UniversalPrint(s2, &ss2);
1546   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s2) + " pointing to \"abc\"", string(ss2.str()));
1547
1548   const char* s3 = NULL;
1549   ::std::stringstream ss3;
1550   UniversalPrint(s3, &ss3);
1551   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
1552 }
1553
1554 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCharArray) {
1555   const char str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
1556   ::std::stringstream ss1;
1557   UniversalPrint(str, &ss1);
1558   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss1.str());
1559
1560   const char mutable_str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
1561   ::std::stringstream ss2;
1562   UniversalPrint(mutable_str, &ss2);
1563   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss2.str());
1564 }
1565
1566 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
1567
1568 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
1569   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1570       ::std::tr1::make_tuple());
1571   EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
1572 }
1573
1574 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsOneTuple) {
1575   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1576       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1));
1577   ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
1578   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1579 }
1580
1581 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTwoTuple) {
1582   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1583       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
1584   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1585   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1586   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
1587 }
1588
1589 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTersely) {
1590   const int n = 1;
1591   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1592       ::std::tr1::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
1593   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1594   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1595   EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
1596 }
1597
1598 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
1599
1600 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
1601
1602 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
1603   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(::std::make_tuple());
1604   EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
1605 }
1606
1607 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsOneTuple) {
1608   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1609       ::std::make_tuple(1));
1610   ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
1611   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1612 }
1613
1614 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTwoTuple) {
1615   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1616       ::std::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
1617   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1618   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1619   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
1620 }
1621
1622 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTersely) {
1623   const int n = 1;
1624   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1625       ::std::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
1626   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1627   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1628   EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
1629 }
1630
1631 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
1632
1633 }  // namespace gtest_printers_test
1634 }  // namespace testing
1635