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38 .Nd configures ZFS file systems
45 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
51 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
52 .Fl V Ar size Ar volume
56 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
60 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns @ Ns Ar snap Ns
61 .Oo % Ns Ar snap Ns Oo , Ns Ar snap Ns Oo % Ns Ar snap Oc Oc Oc Ns ...
64 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns # Ns Ar bookmark
68 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
69 .Ar filesystem Ns @ Ns Ar snapname Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns @ Ns Ar snapname Ns ...
77 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
78 .Ar snapshot Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
85 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
86 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
90 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
91 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
95 .Ar snapshot Ar snapshot
98 .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth
100 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... Oc
101 .Oo Fl s Ar property Oc Ns ...
102 .Oo Fl S Ar property Oc Ns ...
103 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
104 .Oo Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Oc Ns ...
107 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
110 .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oo Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
111 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ...
114 .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth
116 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
117 .Oo Fl s Ar source Ns Oo , Ns Ar source Oc Ns ... Oc
118 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
119 .Cm all | Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ...
120 .Oo Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark Oc Ns ...
124 .Ar property Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ...
134 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
138 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
139 .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ...
140 .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ...
141 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
142 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
146 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
147 .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ...
148 .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ...
149 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
150 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
154 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
155 .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ...
156 .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ...
157 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
160 .Oo Fl d Ns | Ns Fl r Ns Oc
161 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
166 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
171 .Oo Fl d Ns | Ns Fl r Ns Oc
173 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
178 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
185 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
189 .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint
192 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
195 .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint
198 .Ar snapshot bookmark
202 .Op Oo Fl I Ns | Ns Fl i Oc Ar snapshot
207 .Op Fl i Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark
208 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
212 .Fl t Ar receive_resume_token
216 .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot
217 .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
219 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
223 .Op Fl d Ns | Ns Fl e
224 .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot
225 .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
231 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
234 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
238 .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ...
239 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
240 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
241 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
245 .Fl e Ns | Ns Sy everyone
246 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
247 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
248 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
252 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
253 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
254 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
257 .Fl s No @ Ns Ar setname
258 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
259 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
260 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
264 .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ...
265 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
266 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
267 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
271 .Fl e Ns | Ns Sy everyone
272 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
273 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
274 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
279 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
280 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
281 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
285 .Fl s @ Ns Ar setname
286 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
287 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
288 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
292 .Ar tag Ar snapshot Ns ...
300 .Ar tag Ar snapshot Ns ...
304 .Ar snapshot Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar filesystem
309 .Op Fl m Ar memory_limit
315 .Op Fl L Ar keylocation
316 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
320 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
324 .Op Fl o Ar keylocation Ns = Ns Ar value
325 .Op Fl o Ar keyformat Ns = Ns Ar value
326 .Op Fl o Ar pbkdf2iters Ns = Ns Ar value
336 command configures ZFS datasets within a ZFS storage pool, as described in
338 A dataset is identified by a unique path within the ZFS namespace.
341 pool/{filesystem,volume,snapshot}
344 where the maximum length of a dataset name is
347 and the maximum amount of nesting allowed in a path is 50 levels deep.
349 A dataset can be one of the following:
350 .Bl -tag -width "file system"
352 A ZFS dataset of type
354 can be mounted within the standard system namespace and behaves like other file
356 While ZFS file systems are designed to be POSIX compliant, known issues exist
357 that prevent compliance in some cases.
358 Applications that depend on standards conformance might fail due to non-standard
359 behavior when checking file system free space.
361 A logical volume exported as a raw or block device.
362 This type of dataset should only be used under special circumstances.
363 File systems are typically used in most environments.
365 A read-only version of a file system or volume at a given point in time.
367 .Ar filesystem Ns @ Ns Ar name
369 .Ar volume Ns @ Ns Ar name .
373 but without the hold on on-disk data. It can be used as the source of a send
374 (but not for a receive). It is specified as
375 .Ar filesystem Ns # Ns Ar name
377 .Ar volume Ns # Ns Ar name .
379 .Ss ZFS File System Hierarchy
380 A ZFS storage pool is a logical collection of devices that provide space for
382 A storage pool is also the root of the ZFS file system hierarchy.
384 The root of the pool can be accessed as a file system, such as mounting and
385 unmounting, taking snapshots, and setting properties.
386 The physical storage characteristics, however, are managed by the
392 for more information on creating and administering pools.
394 A snapshot is a read-only copy of a file system or volume.
395 Snapshots can be created extremely quickly, and initially consume no additional
396 space within the pool.
397 As data within the active dataset changes, the snapshot consumes more data than
398 would otherwise be shared with the active dataset.
400 Snapshots can have arbitrary names.
401 Snapshots of volumes can be cloned or rolled back, visibility is determined
404 property of the parent volume.
406 File system snapshots can be accessed under the
408 directory in the root of the file system.
409 Snapshots are automatically mounted on demand and may be unmounted at regular
411 The visibility of the
413 directory can be controlled by the
417 A bookmark is like a snapshot, a read-only copy of a file system or volume.
418 Bookmarks can be created extremely quickly, compared to snapshots, and they
419 consume no additional space within the pool. Bookmarks can also have arbitrary
420 names, much like snapshots.
422 Unlike snapshots, bookmarks can not be accessed through the filesystem in any
423 way. From a storage standpoint a bookmark just provides a way to reference
424 when a snapshot was created as a distinct object. Bookmarks are initially
425 tied to a snapshot, not the filesystem or volume, and they will survive if the
426 snapshot itself is destroyed. Since they are very light weight there's little
427 incentive to destroy them.
429 A clone is a writable volume or file system whose initial contents are the same
431 As with snapshots, creating a clone is nearly instantaneous, and initially
432 consumes no additional space.
434 Clones can only be created from a snapshot.
435 When a snapshot is cloned, it creates an implicit dependency between the parent
437 Even though the clone is created somewhere else in the dataset hierarchy, the
438 original snapshot cannot be destroyed as long as a clone exists.
441 property exposes this dependency, and the
443 command lists any such dependencies, if they exist.
445 The clone parent-child dependency relationship can be reversed by using the
450 file system to become a clone of the specified file system, which makes it
451 possible to destroy the file system that the clone was created from.
453 Creating a ZFS file system is a simple operation, so the number of file systems
454 per system is likely to be numerous.
455 To cope with this, ZFS automatically manages mounting and unmounting file
456 systems without the need to edit the
459 All automatically managed file systems are mounted by ZFS at boot time.
461 By default, file systems are mounted under
465 is the name of the file system in the ZFS namespace.
466 Directories are created and destroyed as needed.
468 A file system can also have a mount point set in the
471 This directory is created as needed, and ZFS automatically mounts the file
473 .Nm zfs Cm mount Fl a
480 property can be inherited, so if
486 automatically inherits a mount point of
487 .Pa /export/stuff/user .
493 prevents the file system from being mounted.
495 If needed, ZFS file systems can also be managed with traditional tools
501 If a file system's mount point is set to
503 ZFS makes no attempt to manage the file system, and the administrator is
504 responsible for mounting and unmounting the file system. Because pools must
505 be imported before a legacy mount can succeed, administrators should ensure
506 that legacy mounts are only attempted after the zpool import process
507 finishes at boot time. For example, on machines using systemd, the mount
510 .Nm x-systemd.requires=zfs-import.target
512 will ensure that the zfs-import completes before systemd attempts mounting
513 the filesystem. See systemd.mount(5) for details.
515 Deduplication is the process for removing redundant data at the block level,
516 reducing the total amount of data stored. If a file system has the
518 property enabled, duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result
519 is that only unique data is stored and common components are shared among files.
521 Deduplicating data is a very resource-intensive operation. It is generally
522 recommended that you have at least 1.25 GiB of RAM per 1 TiB of storage when
523 you enable deduplication. Calculating the exact requirement depends heavily
524 on the type of data stored in the pool.
526 Enabling deduplication on an improperly-designed system can result in
527 performance issues (slow IO and administrative operations). It can potentially
528 lead to problems importing a pool due to memory exhaustion. Deduplication
529 can consume significant processing power (CPU) and memory as well as generate
532 Before creating a pool with deduplication enabled, ensure that you have planned
533 your hardware requirements appropriately and implemented appropriate recovery
534 practices, such as regular backups. As an alternative to deduplication
537 as a less resource-intensive alternative.
538 .Ss Native Properties
539 Properties are divided into two types, native properties and user-defined
544 Native properties either export internal statistics or control ZFS behavior.
545 In addition, native properties are either editable or read-only.
546 User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior, but you can use them to annotate
547 datasets in a way that is meaningful in your environment.
548 For more information about user properties, see the
552 Every dataset has a set of properties that export statistics about the dataset
553 as well as control various behaviors.
554 Properties are inherited from the parent unless overridden by the child.
555 Some properties apply only to certain types of datasets
556 .Pq file systems, volumes, or snapshots .
558 The values of numeric properties can be specified using human-readable suffixes
568 The following are all valid
571 .Li 1536M, 1.5g, 1.50GB .
573 The values of non-numeric properties are case sensitive and must be lowercase,
580 The following native properties consist of read-only statistics about the
582 These properties can be neither set, nor inherited.
583 Native properties apply to all dataset types unless otherwise noted.
584 .Bl -tag -width "usedbyrefreservation"
586 The amount of space available to the dataset and all its children, assuming that
587 there is no other activity in the pool.
588 Because space is shared within a pool, availability can be limited by any number
589 of factors, including physical pool size, quotas, reservations, or other
590 datasets within the pool.
592 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
595 For non-snapshots, the compression ratio achieved for the
597 space of this dataset, expressed as a multiplier.
600 property includes descendant datasets, and, for clones, does not include the
601 space shared with the origin snapshot.
607 Compression can be turned on by running:
608 .Nm zfs Cm set Sy compression Ns = Ns Sy on Ar dataset .
612 The transaction group (txg) in which the dataset was created. Bookmarks have
615 as the snapshot they are initially tied to. This property is suitable for
616 ordering a list of snapshots, e.g. for incremental send and receive.
618 The time this dataset was created.
620 For snapshots, this property is a comma-separated list of filesystems or volumes
621 which are clones of this snapshot.
624 property is this snapshot.
627 property is not empty, then this snapshot can not be destroyed
634 The roles of origin and clone can be swapped by promoting the clone with the
640 if the snapshot has been marked for deferred destroy by using the
641 .Nm zfs Cm destroy Fl d
643 Otherwise, the property is
645 .It Sy encryptionroot
646 For encrypted datasets, indicates where the dataset is currently inheriting its
647 encryption key from. Loading or unloading a key for the
649 will implicitly load / unload the key for any inheriting datasets (see
652 .Nm zfs Cm unload-key
654 Clones will always share an
655 encryption key with their origin. See the
658 .It Sy filesystem_count
659 The total number of filesystems and volumes that exist under this location in
661 This value is only available when a
663 has been set somewhere in the tree under which the dataset resides.
665 Indicates if an encryption key is currently loaded into ZFS. The possible
674 .Nm zfs Cm unload-key .
676 The 64 bit GUID of this dataset or bookmark which does not change over its
677 entire lifetime. When a snapshot is sent to another pool, the received
678 snapshot has the same GUID. Thus, the
680 is suitable to identify a snapshot across pools.
681 .It Sy logicalreferenced
682 The amount of space that is
684 accessible by this dataset.
688 The logical space ignores the effect of the
692 properties, giving a quantity closer to the amount of data that applications
694 However, it does include space consumed by metadata.
696 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
699 The amount of space that is
701 consumed by this dataset and all its descendents.
705 The logical space ignores the effect of the
709 properties, giving a quantity closer to the amount of data that applications
711 However, it does include space consumed by metadata.
713 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
716 For file systems, indicates whether the file system is currently mounted.
717 This property can be either
722 A unique identifier for this dataset within the pool. Unlike the dataset's
726 of a dataset is not transferred to other pools when the snapshot is copied
727 with a send/receive operation.
730 can be reused (for a new datatset) after the dataset is deleted.
732 For cloned file systems or volumes, the snapshot from which the clone was
737 .It Sy receive_resume_token
738 For filesystems or volumes which have saved partially-completed state from
740 this opaque token can be provided to
742 to resume and complete the
745 The amount of data that is accessible by this dataset, which may or may not be
746 shared with other datasets in the pool.
747 When a snapshot or clone is created, it initially references the same amount of
748 space as the file system or snapshot it was created from, since its contents are
751 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
753 .It Sy refcompressratio
754 The compression ratio achieved for the
756 space of this dataset, expressed as a multiplier.
760 .It Sy snapshot_count
761 The total number of snapshots that exist under this location in the dataset
763 This value is only available when a
765 has been set somewhere in the tree under which the dataset resides.
773 The amount of space consumed by this dataset and all its descendents.
774 This is the value that is checked against this dataset's quota and reservation.
775 The space used does not include this dataset's reservation, but does take into
776 account the reservations of any descendent datasets.
777 The amount of space that a dataset consumes from its parent, as well as the
778 amount of space that is freed if this dataset is recursively destroyed, is the
779 greater of its space used and its reservation.
781 The used space of a snapshot
786 is space that is referenced exclusively by this snapshot.
787 If this snapshot is destroyed, the amount of
790 Space that is shared by multiple snapshots isn't accounted for in this metric.
791 When a snapshot is destroyed, space that was previously shared with this
792 snapshot can become unique to snapshots adjacent to it, thus changing the used
793 space of those snapshots.
794 The used space of the latest snapshot can also be affected by changes in the
798 space of a snapshot is a subset of the
800 space of the snapshot.
802 The amount of space used, available, or referenced does not take into account
804 Pending changes are generally accounted for within a few seconds.
805 Committing a change to a disk using
809 does not necessarily guarantee that the space usage information is updated
814 properties decompose the
816 properties into the various reasons that space is used.
819 .Sy usedbychildren No +
820 .Sy usedbydataset No +
821 .Sy usedbyrefreservation No +
822 .Sy usedbysnapshots .
823 These properties are only available for datasets created on
827 .It Sy usedbychildren
828 The amount of space used by children of this dataset, which would be freed if
829 all the dataset's children were destroyed.
831 The amount of space used by this dataset itself, which would be freed if the
832 dataset were destroyed
833 .Po after first removing any
835 and destroying any necessary snapshots or descendents
837 .It Sy usedbyrefreservation
838 The amount of space used by a
840 set on this dataset, which would be freed if the
843 .It Sy usedbysnapshots
844 The amount of space consumed by snapshots of this dataset.
845 In particular, it is the amount of space that would be freed if all of this
846 dataset's snapshots were destroyed.
847 Note that this is not simply the sum of the snapshots'
849 properties because space can be shared by multiple snapshots.
850 .It Sy userused Ns @ Ns Em user
851 The amount of space consumed by the specified user in this dataset.
852 Space is charged to the owner of each file, as displayed by
854 The amount of space charged is displayed by
860 subcommand for more information.
862 Unprivileged users can access only their own space usage.
863 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
867 can access everyone's usage.
870 .Sy userused Ns @ Ns Em ...
871 properties are not displayed by
872 .Nm zfs Cm get Sy all .
873 The user's name must be appended after the @ symbol, using one of the following
875 .Bl -bullet -width ""
889 .Sy joe.smith@mydomain
898 Files created on Linux always have POSIX owners.
899 .It Sy userobjused Ns @ Ns Em user
902 property is similar to
904 but instead it counts the number of objects consumed by a user. This property
905 counts all objects allocated on behalf of the user, it may differ from the
906 results of system tools such as
911 is set on a file system additional objects will be created per-file to store
912 extended attributes. These additional objects are reflected in the
914 value and are counted against the user's
916 When a file system is configured to use
918 no additional internal objects are normally required.
920 This property is set to the number of user holds on this snapshot.
921 User holds are set by using the
924 .It Sy groupused Ns @ Ns Em group
925 The amount of space consumed by the specified group in this dataset.
926 Space is charged to the group of each file, as displayed by
929 .Sy userused Ns @ Ns Em user
930 property for more information.
932 Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage.
933 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
937 can access all groups' usage.
938 .It Sy groupobjused Ns @ Ns Em group
939 The number of objects consumed by the specified group in this dataset.
940 Multiple objects may be charged to the group for each file when extended
941 attributes are in use. See the
942 .Sy userobjused Ns @ Ns Em user
943 property for more information.
945 Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage.
946 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
950 can access all groups' usage.
951 .It Sy projectused Ns @ Ns Em project
952 The amount of space consumed by the specified project in this dataset. Project
953 is identified via the project identifier (ID) that is object-based numeral
954 attribute. An object can inherit the project ID from its parent object (if the
955 parent has the flag of inherit project ID that can be set and changed via
958 .Nm zfs project Fl s )
959 when being created. The privileged user can set and change object's project
964 anytime. Space is charged to the project of each file, as displayed by
969 .Sy userused Ns @ Ns Em user
970 property for more information.
972 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
976 can access all projects' usage.
977 .It Sy projectobjused Ns @ Ns Em project
982 but instead it counts the number of objects consumed by project. When the
985 is set on a fileset, ZFS will create additional objects per-file to store
986 extended attributes. These additional objects are reflected in the
988 value and are counted against the project's
989 .Sy projectobjquota .
990 When a filesystem is configured to use
992 no additional internal objects are required. See the
993 .Sy userobjused Ns @ Ns Em user
994 property for more information.
996 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
1000 can access all projects' objects usage.
1002 For volumes, specifies the block size of the volume.
1005 cannot be changed once the volume has been written, so it should be set at
1006 volume creation time.
1009 for volumes is 8 Kbytes.
1010 Any power of 2 from 512 bytes to 128 Kbytes is valid.
1012 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
1017 by this dataset, that was written since the previous snapshot
1018 .Pq i.e. that is not referenced by the previous snapshot .
1019 .It Sy written Ns @ Ns Em snapshot
1022 space written to this dataset since the specified snapshot.
1023 This is the space that is referenced by this dataset but was not referenced by
1024 the specified snapshot.
1028 may be specified as a short snapshot name
1029 .Po just the part after the
1032 in which case it will be interpreted as a snapshot in the same filesystem as
1036 may be a full snapshot name
1037 .Po Em filesystem Ns @ Ns Em snapshot Pc ,
1038 which for clones may be a snapshot in the origin's filesystem
1039 .Pq or the origin of the origin's filesystem, etc.
1042 The following native properties can be used to change the behavior of a ZFS
1046 .Sy aclinherit Ns = Ns Sy discard Ns | Ns Sy noallow Ns | Ns
1047 .Sy restricted Ns | Ns Sy passthrough Ns | Ns Sy passthrough-x
1049 Controls how ACEs are inherited when files and directories are created.
1050 .Bl -tag -width "passthrough-x"
1052 does not inherit any ACEs.
1054 only inherits inheritable ACEs that specify
1058 default, removes the
1062 permissions when the ACE is inherited.
1064 inherits all inheritable ACEs without any modifications.
1065 .It Sy passthrough-x
1073 ACEs inherit the execute permission only if the file creation mode also requests
1077 When the property value is set to
1079 files are created with a mode determined by the inheritable ACEs.
1080 If no inheritable ACEs exist that affect the mode, then the mode is set in
1081 accordance to the requested mode from the application.
1085 property does not apply to POSIX ACLs.
1086 .It Sy acltype Ns = Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy noacl Ns | Ns Sy posixacl
1087 Controls whether ACLs are enabled and if so what type of ACL to use.
1088 .Bl -tag -width "posixacl"
1090 default, when a file system has the
1092 property set to off then ACLs are disabled.
1097 indicates POSIX ACLs should be used. POSIX ACLs are specific to Linux and are
1098 not functional on other platforms. POSIX ACLs are stored as an extended
1099 attribute and therefore will not overwrite any existing NFSv4 ACLs which
1103 To obtain the best performance when setting
1105 users are strongly encouraged to set the
1107 property. This will result in the POSIX ACL being stored more efficiently on
1108 disk. But as a consequence, all new extended attributes will only be
1109 accessible from OpenZFS implementations which support the
1113 property for more details.
1114 .It Sy atime Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1115 Controls whether the access time for files is updated when they are read.
1116 Turning this property off avoids producing write traffic when reading files and
1117 can result in significant performance gains, though it might confuse mailers
1118 and other similar utilities. The values
1122 are equivalent to the
1126 mount options. The default value is
1131 .It Sy canmount Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy noauto
1132 If this property is set to
1134 the file system cannot be mounted, and is ignored by
1135 .Nm zfs Cm mount Fl a .
1136 Setting this property to
1138 is similar to setting the
1142 except that the dataset still has a normal
1144 property, which can be inherited.
1145 Setting this property to
1147 allows datasets to be used solely as a mechanism to inherit properties.
1148 One example of setting
1149 .Sy canmount Ns = Ns Sy off
1150 is to have two datasets with the same
1152 so that the children of both datasets appear in the same directory, but might
1153 have different inherited characteristics.
1157 a dataset can only be mounted and unmounted explicitly.
1158 The dataset is not mounted automatically when the dataset is created or
1159 imported, nor is it mounted by the
1160 .Nm zfs Cm mount Fl a
1161 command or unmounted by the
1162 .Nm zfs Cm unmount Fl a
1165 This property is not inherited.
1167 .Sy checksum Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy fletcher2 Ns | Ns
1168 .Sy fletcher4 Ns | Ns Sy sha256 Ns | Ns Sy noparity Ns | Ns
1169 .Sy sha512 Ns | Ns Sy skein Ns | Ns Sy edonr
1171 Controls the checksum used to verify data integrity.
1172 The default value is
1174 which automatically selects an appropriate algorithm
1177 but this may change in future releases
1181 disables integrity checking on user data.
1184 not only disables integrity but also disables maintaining parity for user data.
1185 This setting is used internally by a dump device residing on a RAID-Z pool and
1186 should not be used by any other dataset.
1187 Disabling checksums is
1189 a recommended practice.
1196 checksum algorithms require enabling the appropriate features on the pool.
1197 These algorithms are not supported by GRUB and should not be set on the
1199 filesystem when using GRUB to boot the system.
1201 .Xr zpool-features 5
1202 for more information on these algorithms.
1204 Changing this property affects only newly-written data.
1206 .Sy compression Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy gzip Ns | Ns
1207 .Sy gzip- Ns Em N Ns | Ns Sy lz4 Ns | Ns Sy lzjb Ns | Ns Sy zle
1209 Controls the compression algorithm used for this dataset.
1211 Setting compression to
1213 indicates that the current default compression algorithm should be used.
1214 The default balances compression and decompression speed, with compression ratio
1215 and is expected to work well on a wide variety of workloads.
1216 Unlike all other settings for this property,
1218 does not select a fixed compression type.
1219 As new compression algorithms are added to ZFS and enabled on a pool, the
1220 default compression algorithm may change.
1221 The current default compression algorithm is either
1230 compression algorithm is a high-performance replacement for the
1233 It features significantly faster compression and decompression, as well as a
1234 moderately higher compression ratio than
1236 but can only be used on pools with the
1241 .Xr zpool-features 5
1242 for details on ZFS feature flags and the
1248 compression algorithm is optimized for performance while providing decent data
1253 compression algorithm uses the same compression as the
1258 level by using the value
1262 is an integer from 1
1265 .Pq best compression ratio .
1270 .Po which is also the default for
1276 compression algorithm compresses runs of zeros.
1278 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name
1280 Changing this property affects only newly-written data.
1282 .Sy context Ns = Ns Sy none Ns | Ns
1283 .Em SELinux_User:SElinux_Role:Selinux_Type:Sensitivity_Level
1285 This flag sets the SELinux context for all files in the file system under
1286 a mount point for that file system. See
1288 for more information.
1290 .Sy fscontext Ns = Ns Sy none Ns | Ns
1291 .Em SELinux_User:SElinux_Role:Selinux_Type:Sensitivity_Level
1293 This flag sets the SELinux context for the file system file system being
1296 for more information.
1298 .Sy defcontext Ns = Ns Sy none Ns | Ns
1299 .Em SELinux_User:SElinux_Role:Selinux_Type:Sensitivity_Level
1301 This flag sets the SELinux default context for unlabeled files. See
1303 for more information.
1305 .Sy rootcontext Ns = Ns Sy none Ns | Ns
1306 .Em SELinux_User:SElinux_Role:Selinux_Type:Sensitivity_Level
1308 This flag sets the SELinux context for the root inode of the file system. See
1310 for more information.
1311 .It Sy copies Ns = Ns Sy 1 Ns | Ns Sy 2 Ns | Ns Sy 3
1312 Controls the number of copies of data stored for this dataset.
1313 These copies are in addition to any redundancy provided by the pool, for
1314 example, mirroring or RAID-Z.
1315 The copies are stored on different disks, if possible.
1316 The space used by multiple copies is charged to the associated file and dataset,
1319 property and counting against quotas and reservations.
1321 Changing this property only affects newly-written data.
1322 Therefore, set this property at file system creation time by using the
1323 .Fl o Sy copies Ns = Ns Ar N
1326 Remember that ZFS will not import a pool with a missing top-level vdev. Do
1328 create, for example a two-disk striped pool and set
1330 on some datasets thinking you have setup redundancy for them. When a disk
1331 fails you will not be able to import the pool and will have lost all of your
1333 .It Sy devices Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1334 Controls whether device nodes can be opened on this file system.
1335 The default value is
1341 are equivalent to the
1347 .Sy dedup Ns = Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy verify Ns | Ns
1348 .Sy sha256[,verify] Ns | Ns Sy sha512[,verify] Ns | Ns Sy skein[,verify] Ns | Ns
1351 Configures deduplication for a dataset. The default value is
1353 The default deduplication checksum is
1355 (this may change in the future). When
1357 is enabled, the checksum defined here overrides the
1359 property. Setting the value to
1361 has the same effect as the setting
1366 ZFS will do a byte-to-byte comparsion in case of two blocks having the same
1367 signature to make sure the block contents are identical. Specifying
1369 is mandatory for the
1373 Unless necessary, deduplication should NOT be enabled on a system. See
1377 .Sy dnodesize Ns = Ns Sy legacy Ns | Ns Sy auto Ns | Ns Sy 1k Ns | Ns
1378 .Sy 2k Ns | Ns Sy 4k Ns | Ns Sy 8k Ns | Ns Sy 16k
1380 Specifies a compatibility mode or literal value for the size of dnodes in the
1381 file system. The default value is
1383 Setting this property to a value other than
1385 requires the large_dnode pool feature to be enabled.
1391 if the dataset uses the
1393 property setting and the workload makes heavy use of extended attributes. This
1394 may be applicable to SELinux-enabled systems, Lustre servers, and Samba
1395 servers, for example. Literal values are supported for cases where the optimal
1396 size is known in advance and for performance testing.
1402 if you need to receive a send stream of this dataset on a pool that doesn't
1403 enable the large_dnode feature, or if you need to import this pool on a system
1404 that doesn't support the large_dnode feature.
1406 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
1409 .Sy encryption Ns = Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy aes-128-ccm Ns | Ns
1410 .Sy aes-192-ccm Ns | Ns Sy aes-256-ccm Ns | Ns Sy aes-128-gcm Ns | Ns
1411 .Sy aes-192-gcm Ns | Ns Sy aes-256-gcm
1413 Controls the encryption cipher suite (block cipher, key length, and mode) used
1414 for this dataset. Requires the
1416 feature to be enabled on the pool.
1419 to be set at dataset creation time.
1422 .Sy encryption Ns = Ns Sy on
1423 when creating a dataset indicates that the default encryption suite will be
1424 selected, which is currently
1426 In order to provide consistent data protection, encryption must be specified at
1427 dataset creation time and it cannot be changed afterwards.
1429 For more details and caveats about encryption see the
1432 .It Sy keyformat Ns = Ns Sy raw Ns | Ns Sy hex Ns | Ns Sy passphrase
1433 Controls what format the user's encryption key will be provided as. This
1434 property is only set when the dataset is encrypted.
1436 Raw keys and hex keys must be 32 bytes long (regardless of the chosen
1437 encryption suite) and must be randomly generated. A raw key can be generated
1438 with the following command:
1440 # dd if=/dev/urandom of=/path/to/output/key bs=32 count=1
1443 Passphrases must be between 8 and 512 bytes long and will be processed through
1444 PBKDF2 before being used (see the
1446 property). Even though the
1447 encryption suite cannot be changed after dataset creation, the keyformat can be
1449 .Nm zfs Cm change-key .
1451 .Sy keylocation Ns = Ns Sy prompt Ns | Ns Sy file:// Ns Em </absolute/file/path>
1453 Controls where the user's encryption key will be loaded from by default for
1457 .Nm zfs Cm mount Cm -l .
1458 This property is only set for encrypted datasets which are encryption roots. If
1459 unspecified, the default is
1462 Even though the encryption suite cannot be changed after dataset creation, the
1463 keylocation can be with either
1466 .Nm zfs Cm change-key .
1469 is selected ZFS will ask for the key at the command prompt when it is required
1470 to access the encrypted data (see
1472 for details). This setting will also allow the key to be passed in via STDIN,
1473 but users should be careful not to place keys which should be kept secret on
1474 the command line. If a file URI is selected, the key will be loaded from the
1475 specified absolute file path.
1476 .It Sy pbkdf2iters Ns = Ns Ar iterations
1477 Controls the number of PBKDF2 iterations that a
1479 encryption key should be run through when processing it into an encryption key.
1480 This property is only defined when encryption is enabled and a keyformat of
1482 is selected. The goal of PBKDF2 is to significantly increase the
1483 computational difficulty needed to brute force a user's passphrase. This is
1484 accomplished by forcing the attacker to run each passphrase through a
1485 computationally expensive hashing function many times before they arrive at the
1486 resulting key. A user who actually knows the passphrase will only have to pay
1487 this cost once. As CPUs become better at processing, this number should be
1488 raised to ensure that a brute force attack is still not possible. The current
1493 This property may be changed with
1494 .Nm zfs Cm change-key .
1495 .It Sy exec Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1496 Controls whether processes can be executed from within this file system.
1497 The default value is
1503 are equivalent to the
1508 .It Sy filesystem_limit Ns = Ns Em count Ns | Ns Sy none
1509 Limits the number of filesystems and volumes that can exist under this point in
1511 The limit is not enforced if the user is allowed to change the limit.
1513 .Sy filesystem_limit
1516 a descendent of a filesystem that already has a
1517 .Sy filesystem_limit
1518 does not override the ancestor's
1519 .Sy filesystem_limit ,
1520 but rather imposes an additional limit.
1521 This feature must be enabled to be used
1523 .Xr zpool-features 5
1525 .It Sy special_small_blocks Ns = Ns Em size
1526 This value represents the threshold block size for including small file
1527 blocks into the special allocation class. Valid values are zero or a
1528 power of two from 512B up to 128K. The default size is 0 which means no
1529 small file blocks will be allocated in the special class.
1531 Before setting this property, a special class vdev must be added to the
1534 for more details on the special allocation class.
1535 .It Sy mountpoint Ns = Ns Pa path Ns | Ns Sy none Ns | Ns Sy legacy
1536 Controls the mount point used for this file system.
1539 section for more information on how this property is used.
1543 property is changed for a file system, the file system and any children that
1544 inherit the mount point are unmounted.
1547 then they remain unmounted.
1548 Otherwise, they are automatically remounted in the new location if the property
1553 or if they were mounted before the property was changed.
1554 In addition, any shared file systems are unshared and shared in the new
1556 .It Sy nbmand Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1557 Controls whether the file system should be mounted with
1559 .Pq Non Blocking mandatory locks .
1560 This is used for SMB clients.
1561 Changes to this property only take effect when the file system is umounted and
1565 for more information on
1567 mounts. This property is not used on Linux.
1568 .It Sy overlay Ns = Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy on
1569 Allow mounting on a busy directory or a directory which already contains
1570 files or directories. This is the default mount behavior for Linux file systems.
1571 For consistency with OpenZFS on other platforms overlay mounts are
1575 to enable overlay mounts.
1576 .It Sy primarycache Ns = Ns Sy all Ns | Ns Sy none Ns | Ns Sy metadata
1577 Controls what is cached in the primary cache
1579 If this property is set to
1581 then both user data and metadata is cached.
1582 If this property is set to
1584 then neither user data nor metadata is cached.
1585 If this property is set to
1587 then only metadata is cached.
1588 The default value is
1590 .It Sy quota Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1591 Limits the amount of space a dataset and its descendents can consume.
1592 This property enforces a hard limit on the amount of space used.
1593 This includes all space consumed by descendents, including file systems and
1595 Setting a quota on a descendent of a dataset that already has a quota does not
1596 override the ancestor's quota, but rather imposes an additional limit.
1598 Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the
1600 property acts as an implicit quota.
1601 .It Sy snapshot_limit Ns = Ns Em count Ns | Ns Sy none
1602 Limits the number of snapshots that can be created on a dataset and its
1606 on a descendent of a dataset that already has a
1608 does not override the ancestor's
1609 .Sy snapshot_limit ,
1610 but rather imposes an additional limit.
1611 The limit is not enforced if the user is allowed to change the limit.
1612 For example, this means that recursive snapshots taken from the global zone are
1613 counted against each delegated dataset within a zone.
1614 This feature must be enabled to be used
1616 .Xr zpool-features 5
1618 .It Sy userquota@ Ns Em user Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1619 Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified user.
1620 User space consumption is identified by the
1621 .Sy userspace@ Ns Em user
1624 Enforcement of user quotas may be delayed by several seconds.
1625 This delay means that a user might exceed their quota before the system notices
1626 that they are over quota and begins to refuse additional writes with the
1630 .Nm zfs Cm userspace
1631 subcommand for more information.
1633 Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage.
1634 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
1638 can get and set everyone's quota.
1640 This property is not available on volumes, on file systems before version 4, or
1641 on pools before version 15.
1643 .Sy userquota@ Ns Em ...
1644 properties are not displayed by
1645 .Nm zfs Cm get Sy all .
1646 The user's name must be appended after the
1648 symbol, using one of the following forms:
1656 .Em POSIX numeric ID
1663 .Sy joe.smith@mydomain
1672 Files created on Linux always have POSIX owners.
1673 .It Sy userobjquota@ Ns Em user Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1678 but it limits the number of objects a user can create. Please refer to
1680 for more information about how objects are counted.
1681 .It Sy groupquota@ Ns Em group Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1682 Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified group.
1683 Group space consumption is identified by the
1684 .Sy groupused@ Ns Em group
1687 Unprivileged users can access only their own groups' space usage.
1688 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
1692 can get and set all groups' quotas.
1693 .It Sy groupobjquota@ Ns Em group Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1698 but it limits number of objects a group can consume. Please refer to
1700 for more information about how objects are counted.
1701 .It Sy projectquota@ Ns Em project Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1702 Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified project. Project
1703 space consumption is identified by the
1704 .Sy projectused@ Ns Em project
1705 property. Please refer to
1707 for more information about how project is identified and set/changed.
1709 The root user, or a user who has been granted the
1713 can access all projects' quota.
1714 .It Sy projectobjquota@ Ns Em project Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1719 but it limits number of objects a project can consume. Please refer to
1721 for more information about how objects are counted.
1722 .It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1723 Controls whether this dataset can be modified.
1724 The default value is
1730 are equivalent to the
1736 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
1738 .It Sy recordsize Ns = Ns Em size
1739 Specifies a suggested block size for files in the file system.
1740 This property is designed solely for use with database workloads that access
1741 files in fixed-size records.
1742 ZFS automatically tunes block sizes according to internal algorithms optimized
1743 for typical access patterns.
1745 For databases that create very large files but access them in small random
1746 chunks, these algorithms may be suboptimal.
1749 greater than or equal to the record size of the database can result in
1750 significant performance gains.
1751 Use of this property for general purpose file systems is strongly discouraged,
1752 and may adversely affect performance.
1754 The size specified must be a power of two greater than or equal to 512 and less
1755 than or equal to 128 Kbytes.
1758 feature is enabled on the pool, the size may be up to 1 Mbyte.
1760 .Xr zpool-features 5
1761 for details on ZFS feature flags.
1763 Changing the file system's
1765 affects only files created afterward; existing files are unaffected.
1767 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
1769 .It Sy redundant_metadata Ns = Ns Sy all Ns | Ns Sy most
1770 Controls what types of metadata are stored redundantly.
1771 ZFS stores an extra copy of metadata, so that if a single block is corrupted,
1772 the amount of user data lost is limited.
1773 This extra copy is in addition to any redundancy provided at the pool level
1774 .Pq e.g. by mirroring or RAID-Z ,
1775 and is in addition to an extra copy specified by the
1778 .Pq up to a total of 3 copies .
1779 For example if the pool is mirrored,
1780 .Sy copies Ns = Ns 2 ,
1782 .Sy redundant_metadata Ns = Ns Sy most ,
1783 then ZFS stores 6 copies of most metadata, and 4 copies of data and some
1788 ZFS stores an extra copy of all metadata.
1789 If a single on-disk block is corrupt, at worst a single block of user data
1798 ZFS stores an extra copy of most types of metadata.
1799 This can improve performance of random writes, because less metadata must be
1801 In practice, at worst about 100 blocks
1806 of user data can be lost if a single on-disk block is corrupt.
1807 The exact behavior of which metadata blocks are stored redundantly may change in
1810 The default value is
1812 .It Sy refquota Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1813 Limits the amount of space a dataset can consume.
1814 This property enforces a hard limit on the amount of space used.
1815 This hard limit does not include space used by descendents, including file
1816 systems and snapshots.
1817 .It Sy refreservation Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none Ns | Ns Sy auto
1818 The minimum amount of space guaranteed to a dataset, not including its
1820 When the amount of space used is below this value, the dataset is treated as if
1821 it were taking up the amount of space specified by
1822 .Sy refreservation .
1825 reservation is accounted for in the parent datasets' space used, and counts
1826 against the parent datasets' quotas and reservations.
1830 is set, a snapshot is only allowed if there is enough free pool space outside of
1831 this reservation to accommodate the current number of
1833 bytes in the dataset.
1839 a volume is thick provisioned
1843 .Sy refreservation Ns = Ns Sy auto
1844 is only supported on volumes.
1848 .Sx Native Properties
1849 section for more information about sparse volumes.
1851 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
1853 .It Sy relatime Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1854 Controls the manner in which the access time is updated when
1856 is set. Turning this property on causes the access time to be updated relative
1857 to the modify or change time. Access time is only updated if the previous
1858 access time was earlier than the current modify or change time or if the
1859 existing access time hasn't been updated within the past 24 hours. The default
1866 are equivalent to the
1871 .It Sy reservation Ns = Ns Em size Ns | Ns Sy none
1872 The minimum amount of space guaranteed to a dataset and its descendants.
1873 When the amount of space used is below this value, the dataset is treated as if
1874 it were taking up the amount of space specified by its reservation.
1875 Reservations are accounted for in the parent datasets' space used, and count
1876 against the parent datasets' quotas and reservations.
1878 This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
1880 .It Sy secondarycache Ns = Ns Sy all Ns | Ns Sy none Ns | Ns Sy metadata
1881 Controls what is cached in the secondary cache
1883 If this property is set to
1885 then both user data and metadata is cached.
1886 If this property is set to
1888 then neither user data nor metadata is cached.
1889 If this property is set to
1891 then only metadata is cached.
1892 The default value is
1894 .It Sy setuid Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
1895 Controls whether the setuid bit is respected for the file system.
1896 The default value is
1902 are equivalent to the
1907 .It Sy sharesmb Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Em opts
1908 Controls whether the file system is shared by using
1909 .Sy Samba USERSHARES
1910 and what options are to be used. Otherwise, the file system is automatically
1911 shared and unshared with the
1915 commands. If the property is set to on, the
1917 command is invoked to create a
1920 Because SMB shares requires a resource name, a unique resource name is
1921 constructed from the dataset name. The constructed name is a copy of the
1922 dataset name except that the characters in the dataset name, which would be
1923 invalid in the resource name, are replaced with underscore (_) characters.
1924 Linux does not currently support additional options which might be available
1931 the file systems are unshared.
1933 The share is created with the ACL (Access Control List) "Everyone:F" ("F"
1934 stands for "full permissions", ie. read and write permissions) and no guest
1935 access (which means Samba must be able to authenticate a real user, system
1936 passwd/shadow, LDAP or smbpasswd based) by default. This means that any
1937 additional access control (disallow specific user specific access etc) must
1938 be done on the underlying file system.
1939 .It Sy sharenfs Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Em opts
1940 Controls whether the file system is shared via NFS, and what options are to be
1942 A file system with a
1948 command and entries in the
1951 Otherwise, the file system is automatically shared and unshared with the
1956 If the property is set to
1958 the dataset is shared using the default options:
1960 .Em sec=sys,rw,crossmnt,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash
1964 for the meaning of the default options. Otherwise, the
1966 command is invoked with options equivalent to the contents of this property.
1970 property is changed for a dataset, the dataset and any children inheriting the
1971 property are re-shared with the new options, only if the property was previously
1973 or if they were shared before the property was changed.
1974 If the new property is
1976 the file systems are unshared.
1977 .It Sy logbias Ns = Ns Sy latency Ns | Ns Sy throughput
1978 Provide a hint to ZFS about handling of synchronous requests in this dataset.
1984 ZFS will use pool log devices
1986 to handle the requests at low latency.
1991 ZFS will not use configured pool log devices.
1992 ZFS will instead optimize synchronous operations for global pool throughput and
1993 efficient use of resources.
1994 .It Sy snapdev Ns = Ns Sy hidden Ns | Ns Sy visible
1995 Controls whether the volume snapshot devices under
1996 .Em /dev/zvol/<pool>
1997 are hidden or visible. The default value is
1999 .It Sy snapdir Ns = Ns Sy hidden Ns | Ns Sy visible
2000 Controls whether the
2002 directory is hidden or visible in the root of the file system as discussed in
2006 The default value is
2008 .It Sy sync Ns = Ns Sy standard Ns | Ns Sy always Ns | Ns Sy disabled
2009 Controls the behavior of synchronous requests
2010 .Pq e.g. fsync, O_DSYNC .
2014 specified behavior of ensuring all synchronous requests are written to stable
2015 storage and all devices are flushed to ensure data is not cached by device
2017 .Pq this is the default .
2019 causes every file system transaction to be written and flushed before its
2020 system call returns.
2021 This has a large performance penalty.
2023 disables synchronous requests.
2024 File system transactions are only committed to stable storage periodically.
2025 This option will give the highest performance.
2026 However, it is very dangerous as ZFS would be ignoring the synchronous
2027 transaction demands of applications such as databases or NFS.
2028 Administrators should only use this option when the risks are understood.
2029 .It Sy version Ns = Ns Em N Ns | Ns Sy current
2030 The on-disk version of this file system, which is independent of the pool
2032 This property can only be set to later supported versions.
2036 .It Sy volsize Ns = Ns Em size
2037 For volumes, specifies the logical size of the volume.
2038 By default, creating a volume establishes a reservation of equal size.
2039 For storage pools with a version number of 9 or higher, a
2044 are reflected in an equivalent change to the reservation
2050 can only be set to a multiple of
2054 The reservation is kept equal to the volume's logical size to prevent unexpected
2055 behavior for consumers.
2056 Without the reservation, the volume could run out of space, resulting in
2057 undefined behavior or data corruption, depending on how the volume is used.
2058 These effects can also occur when the volume size is changed while it is in use
2059 .Pq particularly when shrinking the size .
2060 Extreme care should be used when adjusting the volume size.
2062 Though not recommended, a
2065 .Qq thin provisioned
2067 can be created by specifying the
2070 .Nm zfs Cm create Fl V
2071 command, or by changing the value of the
2076 property on pool version 8 or earlier
2078 after the volume has been created.
2081 is a volume where the value of
2083 is less than the size of the volume plus the space required to store its
2085 Consequently, writes to a sparse volume can fail with
2087 when the pool is low on space.
2088 For a sparse volume, changes to
2090 are not reflected in the
2092 A volume that is not sparse is said to be
2093 .Qq thick provisioned .
2094 A sparse volume can become thick provisioned by setting
2098 .It Sy volmode Ns = Ns Cm default | full | geom | dev | none
2099 This property specifies how volumes should be exposed to the OS.
2102 exposes volumes as fully fledged block devices, providing maximal
2103 functionality. The value
2105 is just an alias for
2107 and is kept for compatibility.
2110 hides its partitions.
2111 Volumes with property set to
2113 are not exposed outside ZFS, but can be snapshoted, cloned, replicated, etc,
2114 that can be suitable for backup purposes.
2117 means that volumes exposition is controlled by system-wide tunable
2124 are encoded as 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
2125 The default values is
2127 .It Sy vscan Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
2128 Controls whether regular files should be scanned for viruses when a file is
2130 In addition to enabling this property, the virus scan service must also be
2131 enabled for virus scanning to occur.
2132 The default value is
2134 This property is not used on Linux.
2135 .It Sy xattr Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off Ns | Ns Sy sa
2136 Controls whether extended attributes are enabled for this file system. Two
2137 styles of extended attributes are supported either directory based or system
2140 The default value of
2142 enables directory based extended attributes. This style of extended attribute
2143 imposes no practical limit on either the size or number of attributes which
2144 can be set on a file. Although under Linux the
2148 system calls limit the maximum size to 64K. This is the most compatible
2149 style of extended attribute and is supported by all OpenZFS implementations.
2151 System attribute based xattrs can be enabled by setting the value to
2153 The key advantage of this type of xattr is improved performance. Storing
2154 extended attributes as system attributes significantly decreases the amount of
2155 disk IO required. Up to 64K of data may be stored per-file in the space
2156 reserved for system attributes. If there is not enough space available for
2157 an extended attribute then it will be automatically written as a directory
2158 based xattr. System attribute based extended attributes are not accessible
2159 on platforms which do not support the
2163 The use of system attribute based xattrs is strongly encouraged for users of
2164 SELinux or POSIX ACLs. Both of these features heavily rely of extended
2165 attributes and benefit significantly from the reduced access time.
2171 are equivalent to the
2176 .It Sy zoned Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
2177 Controls whether the dataset is managed from a non-global zone. Zones are a
2178 Solaris feature and are not relevant on Linux. The default value is
2182 The following three properties cannot be changed after the file system is
2183 created, and therefore, should be set when the file system is created.
2184 If the properties are not set with the
2188 commands, these properties are inherited from the parent dataset.
2189 If the parent dataset lacks these properties due to having been created prior to
2190 these features being supported, the new file system will have the default values
2191 for these properties.
2194 .Sy casesensitivity Ns = Ns Sy sensitive Ns | Ns
2195 .Sy insensitive Ns | Ns Sy mixed
2197 Indicates whether the file name matching algorithm used by the file system
2198 should be case-sensitive, case-insensitive, or allow a combination of both
2200 The default value for the
2208 file systems have case-sensitive file names.
2214 property indicates that the file system can support requests for both
2215 case-sensitive and case-insensitive matching behavior.
2216 Currently, case-insensitive matching behavior on a file system that supports
2217 mixed behavior is limited to the SMB server product.
2218 For more information about the
2220 value behavior, see the "ZFS Administration Guide".
2222 .Sy normalization Ns = Ns Sy none Ns | Ns Sy formC Ns | Ns
2223 .Sy formD Ns | Ns Sy formKC Ns | Ns Sy formKD
2225 Indicates whether the file system should perform a
2227 normalization of file names whenever two file names are compared, and which
2228 normalization algorithm should be used.
2229 File names are always stored unmodified, names are normalized as part of any
2231 If this property is set to a legal value other than
2235 property was left unspecified, the
2237 property is automatically set to
2239 The default value of the
2243 This property cannot be changed after the file system is created.
2244 .It Sy utf8only Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
2245 Indicates whether the file system should reject file names that include
2246 characters that are not present in the
2249 If this property is explicitly set to
2251 the normalization property must either not be explicitly set or be set to
2253 The default value for the
2257 This property cannot be changed after the file system is created.
2261 .Sy casesensitivity ,
2265 properties are also new permissions that can be assigned to non-privileged users
2266 by using the ZFS delegated administration feature.
2267 .Ss "Temporary Mount Point Properties"
2268 When a file system is mounted, either through
2270 for legacy mounts or the
2272 command for normal file systems, its mount options are set according to its
2274 The correlation between properties and mount options is as follows:
2276 PROPERTY MOUNT OPTION
2278 canmount auto/noauto
2282 relatime relatime/norelatime
2287 In addition, these options can be set on a per-mount basis using the
2289 option, without affecting the property that is stored on disk.
2290 The values specified on the command line override the values stored in the
2294 option is an alias for
2295 .Sy nodevices Ns \&, Ns Sy nosetuid .
2296 These properties are reported as
2301 If the properties are changed while the dataset is mounted, the new setting
2302 overrides any temporary settings.
2303 .Ss "User Properties"
2304 In addition to the standard native properties, ZFS supports arbitrary user
2306 User properties have no effect on ZFS behavior, but applications or
2307 administrators can use them to annotate datasets
2308 .Pq file systems, volumes, and snapshots .
2310 User property names must contain a colon
2312 character to distinguish them from native properties.
2313 They may contain lowercase letters, numbers, and the following punctuation
2322 The expected convention is that the property name is divided into two portions
2324 .Em module Ns \&: Ns Em property ,
2325 but this namespace is not enforced by ZFS.
2326 User property names can be at most 256 characters, and cannot begin with a dash
2329 When making programmatic use of user properties, it is strongly suggested to use
2334 component of property names to reduce the chance that two
2335 independently-developed packages use the same property name for different
2338 The values of user properties are arbitrary strings, are always inherited, and
2339 are never validated.
2340 All of the commands that operate on properties
2341 .Po Nm zfs Cm list ,
2346 can be used to manipulate both native properties and user properties.
2349 command to clear a user property.
2350 If the property is not defined in any parent dataset, it is removed entirely.
2351 Property values are limited to 8192 bytes.
2352 .Ss ZFS Volumes as Swap
2353 ZFS volumes may be used as swap devices. After creating the volume with the
2354 .Nm zfs Cm create Fl V
2355 command set up and enable the swap area using the
2359 commands. Do not swap to a file on a ZFS file system. A ZFS swap file
2360 configuration is not supported.
2364 feature allows for the creation of encrypted filesystems and volumes.
2366 will encrypt all user data including file and zvol data, file attributes,
2367 ACLs, permission bits, directory listings, FUID mappings, and userused /
2370 will not encrypt metadata related to the pool structure, including dataset
2371 names, dataset hierarchy, file size, file holes, and dedup tables. Key rotation
2372 is managed internally by the kernel module and changing the user's key does not
2373 require re-encrypting the entire dataset. Datasets can be scrubbed, resilvered,
2374 renamed, and deleted without the encryption keys being loaded (see the
2376 subcommand for more info on key loading).
2378 Creating an encrypted dataset requires specifying the
2382 properties at creation time, along with an optional
2386 After entering an encryption key, the
2387 created dataset will become an encryption root. Any descendant datasets will
2388 inherit their encryption key from the encryption root by default, meaning that
2389 loading, unloading, or changing the key for the encryption root will implicitly
2390 do the same for all inheriting datasets. If this inheritance is not desired,
2393 when creating the child dataset or use
2394 .Nm zfs Cm change-key
2395 to break an existing relationship, creating a new encryption root on the child.
2396 Note that the child's
2398 may match that of the parent while still creating a new encryption root, and
2401 property alone does not create a new encryption root; this would simply use a
2402 different cipher suite with the same key as its encryption root. The one
2403 exception is that clones will always use their origin's encryption key.
2404 As a result of this exception, some encryption-related properties (namely
2410 do not inherit like other ZFS properties and instead use the value determined
2411 by their encryption root. Encryption root inheritance can be tracked via the
2416 Encryption changes the behavior of a few
2418 operations. Encryption is applied after compression so compression ratios are
2419 preserved. Normally checksums in ZFS are 256 bits long, but for encrypted data
2420 the checksum is 128 bits of the user-chosen checksum and 128 bits of MAC from
2421 the encryption suite, which provides additional protection against maliciously
2422 altered data. Deduplication is still possible with encryption enabled but for
2423 security, datasets will only dedup against themselves, their snapshots, and
2426 There are a few limitations on encrypted datasets. Encrypted data cannot be
2429 feature. Encrypted datasets may not have
2430 .Sy copies Ns = Ns Em 3
2431 since the implementation stores some encryption metadata where the third copy
2432 would normally be. Since compression is applied before encryption datasets may
2433 be vulnerable to a CRIME-like attack if applications accessing the data allow
2434 for it. Deduplication with encryption will leak information about which blocks
2435 are equivalent in a dataset and will incur an extra CPU cost per block written.
2437 All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their
2441 Displays a help message.
2446 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
2449 Creates a new ZFS file system.
2450 The file system is automatically mounted according to the
2452 property inherited from the parent.
2453 .Bl -tag -width "-o"
2454 .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
2455 Sets the specified property as if the command
2456 .Nm zfs Cm set Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
2457 was invoked at the same time the dataset was created.
2458 Any editable ZFS property can also be set at creation time.
2461 options can be specified.
2462 An error results if the same property is specified in multiple
2466 Creates all the non-existing parent datasets.
2467 Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the
2469 property inherited from their parent.
2470 Any property specified on the command line using the
2473 If the target filesystem already exists, the operation completes successfully.
2479 .Op Fl b Ar blocksize
2480 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
2481 .Fl V Ar size Ar volume
2483 Creates a volume of the given size.
2484 The volume is exported as a block device in
2485 .Pa /dev/zvol/path ,
2488 is the name of the volume in the ZFS namespace.
2489 The size represents the logical size as exported by the device.
2490 By default, a reservation of equal size is created.
2493 is automatically rounded up to the nearest 128 Kbytes to ensure that the volume
2494 has an integral number of blocks regardless of
2496 .Bl -tag -width "-b"
2497 .It Fl b Ar blocksize
2499 .Fl o Sy volblocksize Ns = Ns Ar blocksize .
2500 If this option is specified in conjunction with
2501 .Fl o Sy volblocksize ,
2502 the resulting behavior is undefined.
2503 .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
2504 Sets the specified property as if the
2505 .Nm zfs Cm set Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
2506 command was invoked at the same time the dataset was created.
2507 Any editable ZFS property can also be set at creation time.
2510 options can be specified.
2511 An error results if the same property is specified in multiple
2515 Creates all the non-existing parent datasets.
2516 Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the
2518 property inherited from their parent.
2519 Any property specified on the command line using the
2522 If the target filesystem already exists, the operation completes successfully.
2524 Creates a sparse volume with no reservation.
2528 .Sx Native Properties
2529 section for more information about sparse volumes.
2535 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
2537 Destroys the given dataset.
2538 By default, the command unshares any file systems that are currently shared,
2539 unmounts any file systems that are currently mounted, and refuses to destroy a
2540 dataset that has active dependents
2541 .Pq children or clones .
2542 .Bl -tag -width "-R"
2544 Recursively destroy all dependents, including cloned file systems outside the
2547 Force an unmount of any file systems using the
2550 This option has no effect on non-file systems or unmounted file systems.
2555 No data will be deleted.
2556 This is useful in conjunction with the
2560 flags to determine what data would be deleted.
2562 Print machine-parsable verbose information about the deleted data.
2564 Recursively destroy all children.
2566 Print verbose information about the deleted data.
2569 Extreme care should be taken when applying either the
2573 options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected
2574 behavior for mounted file systems in use.
2579 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns @ Ns Ar snap Ns
2580 .Oo % Ns Ar snap Ns Oo , Ns Ar snap Ns Oo % Ns Ar snap Oc Oc Oc Ns ...
2582 The given snapshots are destroyed immediately if and only if the
2586 option would have destroyed it.
2587 Such immediate destruction would occur, for example, if the snapshot had no
2588 clones and the user-initiated reference count were zero.
2590 If a snapshot does not qualify for immediate destruction, it is marked for
2592 In this state, it exists as a usable, visible snapshot until both of the
2593 preconditions listed above are met, at which point it is destroyed.
2595 An inclusive range of snapshots may be specified by separating the first and
2596 last snapshots with a percent sign.
2597 The first and/or last snapshots may be left blank, in which case the
2598 filesystem's oldest or newest snapshot will be implied.
2601 .Pq or ranges of snapshots
2602 of the same filesystem or volume may be specified in a comma-separated list of
2604 Only the snapshot's short name
2605 .Po the part after the
2608 should be specified when using a range or comma-separated list to identify
2610 .Bl -tag -width "-R"
2612 Recursively destroy all clones of these snapshots, including the clones,
2613 snapshots, and children.
2614 If this flag is specified, the
2616 flag will have no effect.
2618 Destroy immediately. If a snapshot cannot be destroyed now, mark it for
2619 deferred destruction.
2624 No data will be deleted.
2625 This is useful in conjunction with the
2629 flags to determine what data would be deleted.
2631 Print machine-parsable verbose information about the deleted data.
2634 .Pq or mark for deferred deletion
2635 all snapshots with this name in descendent file systems.
2637 Print verbose information about the deleted data.
2639 Extreme care should be taken when applying either the
2643 options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected
2644 behavior for mounted file systems in use.
2649 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns # Ns Ar bookmark
2651 The given bookmark is destroyed.
2656 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
2657 .Ar filesystem Ns @ Ns Ar snapname Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns @ Ns Ar snapname Ns ...
2659 Creates snapshots with the given names.
2660 All previous modifications by successful system calls to the file system are
2661 part of the snapshots.
2662 Snapshots are taken atomically, so that all snapshots correspond to the same
2665 can be used as an alias for
2666 .Nm zfs Cm snapshot.
2669 section for details.
2670 .Bl -tag -width "-o"
2671 .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
2672 Sets the specified property; see
2676 Recursively create snapshots of all descendent datasets
2684 Roll back the given dataset to a previous snapshot.
2685 When a dataset is rolled back, all data that has changed since the snapshot is
2686 discarded, and the dataset reverts to the state at the time of the snapshot.
2687 By default, the command refuses to roll back to a snapshot other than the most
2689 In order to do so, all intermediate snapshots and bookmarks must be destroyed by
2696 options do not recursively destroy the child snapshots of a recursive snapshot.
2697 Only direct snapshots of the specified filesystem are destroyed by either of
2699 To completely roll back a recursive snapshot, you must rollback the individual
2701 .Bl -tag -width "-R"
2703 Destroy any more recent snapshots and bookmarks, as well as any clones of those
2708 option to force an unmount of any clone file systems that are to be destroyed.
2710 Destroy any snapshots and bookmarks more recent than the one specified.
2716 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
2717 .Ar snapshot Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
2719 Creates a clone of the given snapshot.
2722 section for details.
2723 The target dataset can be located anywhere in the ZFS hierarchy, and is created
2724 as the same type as the original.
2725 .Bl -tag -width "-o"
2726 .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
2727 Sets the specified property; see
2731 Creates all the non-existing parent datasets.
2732 Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the
2734 property inherited from their parent.
2735 If the target filesystem or volume already exists, the operation completes
2741 .Ar clone-filesystem
2743 Promotes a clone file system to no longer be dependent on its
2746 This makes it possible to destroy the file system that the clone was created
2748 The clone parent-child dependency relationship is reversed, so that the origin
2749 file system becomes a clone of the specified file system.
2751 The snapshot that was cloned, and any snapshots previous to this snapshot, are
2752 now owned by the promoted clone.
2753 The space they use moves from the origin file system to the promoted clone, so
2754 enough space must be available to accommodate these snapshots.
2755 No new space is consumed by this operation, but the space accounting is
2757 The promoted clone must not have any conflicting snapshot names of its own.
2760 subcommand can be used to rename any conflicting snapshots.
2765 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
2766 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
2772 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
2773 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
2775 Renames the given dataset.
2776 The new target can be located anywhere in the ZFS hierarchy, with the exception
2778 Snapshots can only be renamed within the parent file system or volume.
2779 When renaming a snapshot, the parent file system of the snapshot does not need
2780 to be specified as part of the second argument.
2781 Renamed file systems can inherit new mount points, in which case they are
2782 unmounted and remounted at the new mount point.
2783 .Bl -tag -width "-a"
2785 Force unmount any filesystems that need to be unmounted in the process.
2787 Creates all the nonexistent parent datasets.
2788 Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the
2790 property inherited from their parent.
2796 .Ar snapshot Ar snapshot
2798 Recursively rename the snapshots of all descendent datasets.
2799 Snapshots are the only dataset that can be renamed recursively.
2803 .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth
2805 .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... Oc
2806 .Oo Fl s Ar property Oc Ns ...
2807 .Oo Fl S Ar property Oc Ns ...
2808 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
2809 .Oo Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Oc Ns ...
2811 Lists the property information for the given datasets in tabular form.
2812 If specified, you can list property information by the absolute pathname or the
2814 By default, all file systems and volumes are displayed.
2815 Snapshots are displayed if the
2822 The following fields are displayed:
2823 .Sy name Ns \&, Sy used Ns \&, Sy available Ns \&, Sy referenced Ns \&, Sy mountpoint Ns .
2824 .Bl -tag -width "-H"
2826 Used for scripting mode.
2827 Do not print headers and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary
2829 .It Fl S Ar property
2832 option, but sorts by property in descending order.
2834 Recursively display any children of the dataset, limiting the recursion to
2840 will display only the dataset and its direct children.
2841 .It Fl o Ar property
2842 A comma-separated list of properties to display.
2843 The property must be:
2846 One of the properties described in the
2847 .Sx Native Properties
2854 to display the dataset name
2858 to display space usage properties on file systems and volumes.
2859 This is a shortcut for specifying
2860 .Fl o Sy name Ns \&, Ns Sy avail Ns \&, Ns Sy used Ns \&, Ns Sy usedsnap Ns \&, Ns
2861 .Sy usedds Ns \&, Ns Sy usedrefreserv Ns \&, Ns Sy usedchild Fl t
2862 .Sy filesystem Ns \&, Ns Sy volume
2866 Display numbers in parsable
2870 Recursively display any children of the dataset on the command line.
2871 .It Fl s Ar property
2872 A property for sorting the output by column in ascending order based on the
2873 value of the property.
2874 The property must be one of the properties described in the
2876 section, or the special value
2878 to sort by the dataset name.
2879 Multiple properties can be specified at one time using multiple
2884 options are evaluated from left to right in decreasing order of importance.
2885 The following is a list of sorting criteria:
2888 Numeric types sort in numeric order.
2890 String types sort in alphabetical order.
2892 Types inappropriate for a row sort that row to the literal bottom, regardless of
2893 the specified ordering.
2896 If no sorting options are specified the existing behavior of
2900 A comma-separated list of types to display, where
2909 For example, specifying
2911 displays only snapshots.
2916 .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oo Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
2917 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ...
2919 Sets the property or list of properties to the given value(s) for each dataset.
2920 Only some properties can be edited.
2923 section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable
2925 Numeric values can be specified as exact values, or in a human-readable form
2927 .Sy B , K , M , G , T , P , E , Z
2928 .Po for bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes, exabytes,
2929 or zettabytes, respectively
2931 User properties can be set on snapshots.
2932 For more information, see the
2938 .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth
2940 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
2941 .Oo Fl s Ar source Ns Oo , Ns Ar source Oc Ns ... Oc
2942 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
2943 .Cm all | Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ...
2944 .Oo Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark Oc Ns ...
2946 Displays properties for the given datasets.
2947 If no datasets are specified, then the command displays properties for all
2948 datasets on the system.
2949 For each property, the following columns are displayed:
2952 property Property name
2953 value Property value
2954 source Property source \fBlocal\fP, \fBdefault\fP, \fBinherited\fP,
2955 \fBtemporary\fP, \fBreceived\fP or none (\fB-\fP).
2958 All columns are displayed by default, though this can be controlled by using the
2961 This command takes a comma-separated list of properties as described in the
2962 .Sx Native Properties
2969 can be used to display all properties that apply to the given dataset's type
2970 .Pq filesystem, volume, snapshot, or bookmark .
2971 .Bl -tag -width "-H"
2973 Display output in a form more easily parsed by scripts.
2974 Any headers are omitted, and fields are explicitly separated by a single tab
2975 instead of an arbitrary amount of space.
2977 Recursively display any children of the dataset, limiting the recursion to
2981 will display only the dataset and its direct children.
2983 A comma-separated list of columns to display.
2984 .Sy name Ns \&, Ns Sy property Ns \&, Ns Sy value Ns \&, Ns Sy source
2985 is the default value.
2987 Display numbers in parsable
2991 Recursively display properties for any children.
2993 A comma-separated list of sources to display.
2994 Those properties coming from a source other than those in this list are ignored.
2995 Each source must be one of the following:
3003 The default value is all sources.
3005 A comma-separated list of types to display, where
3019 .Ar property Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ...
3021 Clears the specified property, causing it to be inherited from an ancestor,
3022 restored to default if no ancestor has the property set, or with the
3024 option reverted to the received value if one exists.
3027 section for a listing of default values, and details on which properties can be
3029 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
3031 Recursively inherit the given property for all children.
3033 Revert the property to the received value if one exists; otherwise operate as
3036 option was not specified.
3041 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
3043 Remap the indirect blocks in the given fileystem or volume so that they no
3044 longer reference blocks on previously removed vdevs and we can eventually
3045 shrink the size of the indirect mapping objects for the previously removed
3046 vdevs. Note that remapping all blocks might not be possible and that
3047 references from snapshots will still exist and cannot be remapped.
3052 Displays a list of file systems that are not the most recent version.
3058 Displays a list of currently supported file system versions.
3064 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
3066 Upgrades file systems to a new on-disk version.
3067 Once this is done, the file systems will no longer be accessible on systems
3068 running older versions of the software.
3070 streams generated from new snapshots of these file systems cannot be accessed on
3071 systems running older versions of the software.
3073 In general, the file system version is independent of the pool version.
3076 for information on the
3077 .Nm zpool Cm upgrade
3080 In some cases, the file system version and the pool version are interrelated and
3081 the pool version must be upgraded before the file system version can be
3083 .Bl -tag -width "-V"
3085 Upgrade to the specified
3089 flag is not specified, this command upgrades to the most recent version.
3091 option can only be used to increase the version number, and only up to the most
3092 recent version supported by this software.
3094 Upgrade all file systems on all imported pools.
3096 Upgrade the specified file system.
3098 Upgrade the specified file system and all descendent file systems.
3104 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
3105 .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ...
3106 .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ...
3107 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
3108 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
3110 Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each user in the specified filesystem
3112 This corresponds to the
3113 .Sy userused@ Ns Em user ,
3114 .Sy userobjused@ Ns Em user ,
3115 .Sy userquota@ Ns Em user,
3117 .Sy userobjquota@ Ns Em user
3119 .Bl -tag -width "-H"
3121 Do not print headers, use tab-delimited output.
3123 Sort by this field in reverse order.
3127 Translate SID to POSIX ID.
3128 The POSIX ID may be ephemeral if no mapping exists.
3129 Normal POSIX interfaces
3134 perform this translation, so the
3136 option allows the output from
3137 .Nm zfs Cm userspace
3138 to be compared directly with those utilities.
3141 may lead to confusion if some files were created by an SMB user before a
3142 SMB-to-POSIX name mapping was established.
3143 In such a case, some files will be owned by the SMB entity and some by the POSIX
3147 option will report that the POSIX entity has the total usage and quota for both.
3149 Print numeric ID instead of user/group name.
3150 .It Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ...
3151 Display only the specified fields from the following set:
3156 The default is to display all fields.
3162 Sort output by this field.
3167 flags may be specified multiple times to sort first by one field, then by
3170 .Fl s Sy type Fl s Sy name .
3171 .It Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ...
3172 Print only the specified types from the following set:
3179 .Fl t Sy posixuser Ns \&, Ns Sy smbuser .
3180 The default can be changed to include group types.
3186 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
3187 .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ...
3188 .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ...
3189 .Oo Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Oc
3190 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
3192 Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each group in the specified
3193 filesystem or snapshot.
3194 This subcommand is identical to
3195 .Nm zfs Cm userspace ,
3196 except that the default types to display are
3197 .Fl t Sy posixgroup Ns \&, Ns Sy smbgroup .
3202 .Oo Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Oc
3203 .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ...
3204 .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ...
3205 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
3207 Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each project in the specified
3208 filesystem or snapshot. This subcommand is identical to
3209 .Nm zfs Cm userspace ,
3210 except that the project identifier is numeral, not name. So need neither
3213 for SID to POSIX ID nor
3221 .Oo Fl d Ns | Ns Fl r Ns Oc
3222 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
3224 List project identifier (ID) and inherit flag of file(s) or directories.
3225 .Bl -tag -width "-d"
3227 Show the directory project ID and inherit flag, not its childrens. It will
3228 overwrite the former specified
3232 Show on subdirectories recursively. It will overwrite the former specified
3241 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
3243 Clear project inherit flag and/or ID on the file(s) or directories.
3244 .Bl -tag -width "-k"
3246 Keep the project ID unchanged. If not specified, the project ID will be reset
3249 Clear on subdirectories recursively.
3256 .Oo Fl d Ns | Ns Fl r Ns Oc
3258 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
3260 Check project ID and inherit flag on the file(s) or directories, report the
3261 entries without project inherit flag or with different project IDs from the
3264 option) value or the target directory's project ID.
3265 .Bl -tag -width "-0"
3267 Print file name with a trailing NUL instead of newline (by default), like
3270 Check the directory project ID and inherit flag, not its childrens. It will
3271 overwrite the former specified
3275 Specify the referenced ID for comparing with the target file(s) or directories'
3276 project IDs. If not specified, the target (top) directory's project ID will be
3277 used as the referenced one.
3279 Check on subdirectories recursively. It will overwrite the former specified
3288 .Ar file Ns | Ns Ar directory Ns ...
3290 .Bl -tag -width "-p"
3291 Set project ID and/or inherit flag on the file(s) or directories.
3293 Set the file(s)' or directories' project ID with the given value.
3295 Set on subdirectories recursively.
3297 Set project inherit flag on the given file(s) or directories. It is usually used
3298 for setup tree quota on the directory target with
3300 option specified together. When setup tree quota, by default the directory's
3301 project ID will be set to all its descendants unless you specify the project
3310 Displays all ZFS file systems currently mounted.
3316 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
3318 Mounts ZFS file systems.
3319 .Bl -tag -width "-O"
3321 Perform an overlay mount.
3324 for more information.
3326 Mount all available ZFS file systems.
3327 Invoked automatically as part of the boot process.
3329 Mount the specified filesystem.
3331 An optional, comma-separated list of mount options to use temporarily for the
3332 duration of the mount.
3334 .Sx Temporary Mount Point Properties
3335 section for details.
3337 Load keys for encrypted filesystems as they are being mounted. This is
3338 equivalent to executing
3340 on each encryption root before mounting it. Note that if a filesystem has a
3344 this will cause the terminal to interactively block after asking for the key.
3346 Report mount progress.
3352 .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint
3354 Unmounts currently mounted ZFS file systems.
3355 .Bl -tag -width "-a"
3357 Unmount all available ZFS file systems.
3358 Invoked automatically as part of the shutdown process.
3359 .It Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint
3360 Unmount the specified filesystem.
3361 The command can also be given a path to a ZFS file system mount point on the
3364 Forcefully unmount the file system, even if it is currently in use.
3369 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
3371 Shares available ZFS file systems.
3372 .Bl -tag -width "-a"
3374 Share all available ZFS file systems.
3375 Invoked automatically as part of the boot process.
3377 Share the specified filesystem according to the
3382 File systems are shared when the
3391 .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint
3393 Unshares currently shared ZFS file systems.
3394 .Bl -tag -width "-a"
3396 Unshare all available ZFS file systems.
3397 Invoked automatically as part of the shutdown process.
3398 .It Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint
3399 Unshare the specified filesystem.
3400 The command can also be given a path to a ZFS file system shared on the system.
3405 .Ar snapshot bookmark
3407 Creates a bookmark of the given snapshot.
3408 Bookmarks mark the point in time when the snapshot was created, and can be used
3409 as the incremental source for a
3413 This feature must be enabled to be used.
3415 .Xr zpool-features 5
3416 for details on ZFS feature flags and the
3423 .Op Oo Fl I Ns | Ns Fl i Oc Ar snapshot
3426 Creates a stream representation of the second
3428 which is written to standard output.
3429 The output can be redirected to a file or to a different system
3430 .Po for example, using
3433 By default, a full stream is generated.
3434 .Bl -tag -width "-D"
3436 Generate a deduplicated stream.
3437 Blocks which would have been sent multiple times in the send stream will only be
3439 The receiving system must also support this feature to receive a deduplicated
3441 This flag can be used regardless of the dataset's
3443 property, but performance will be much better if the filesystem uses a
3444 dedup-capable checksum
3448 .It Fl I Ar snapshot
3449 Generate a stream package that sends all intermediary snapshots from the first
3450 snapshot to the second snapshot.
3454 .Fl i Em @a Em fs@b Ns \&; Fl i Em @b Em fs@c Ns \&; Fl i Em @c Em fs@d .
3455 The incremental source may be specified as with the
3458 .It Fl L, -large-block
3459 Generate a stream which may contain blocks larger than 128KB.
3460 This flag has no effect if the
3462 pool feature is disabled, or if the
3464 property of this filesystem has never been set above 128KB.
3465 The receiving system must have the
3467 pool feature enabled as well.
3469 .Xr zpool-features 5
3470 for details on ZFS feature flags and the
3474 Print machine-parsable verbose information about the stream package generated.
3475 .It Fl R, -replicate
3476 Generate a replication stream package, which will replicate the specified
3477 file system, and all descendent file systems, up to the named snapshot.
3478 When received, all properties, snapshots, descendent file systems, and clones
3485 flags are used in conjunction with the
3487 flag, an incremental replication stream is generated.
3488 The current values of properties, and current snapshot and file system names are
3489 set when the stream is received.
3492 flag is specified when this stream is received, snapshots and file systems that
3493 do not exist on the sending side are destroyed.
3495 Generate a more compact stream by using
3497 records for blocks which are stored more compactly on disk by the
3500 This flag has no effect if the
3502 feature is disabled.
3503 The receiving system must have the
3508 feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have
3509 that feature enabled as well. Datasets that are sent with this flag may not be
3510 received as an encrypted dataset, since encrypted datasets cannot use the
3514 .Xr zpool-features 5
3515 for details on ZFS feature flags and the
3519 Sends only received property values whether or not they are overridden by local
3520 settings, but only if the dataset has ever been received. Use this option when
3523 to restore received properties backed up on the sent dataset and to avoid
3524 sending local settings that may have nothing to do with the source dataset,
3525 but only with how the data is backed up.
3526 .It Fl c, -compressed
3527 Generate a more compact stream by using compressed WRITE records for blocks
3528 which are compressed on disk and in memory
3531 property for details
3535 feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have
3536 that feature enabled as well.
3539 feature is enabled on the sending system but the
3541 option is not supplied in conjunction with
3543 then the data will be decompressed before sending so it can be split into
3544 smaller block sizes.
3546 For encrypted datasets, send data exactly as it exists on disk. This allows
3547 backups to be taken even if encryption keys are not currently loaded. The
3548 backup may then be received on an untrusted machine since that machine will
3549 not have the encryption keys to read the protected data or alter it without
3550 being detected. Upon being received, the dataset will have the same encryption
3551 keys as it did on the send side, although the
3553 property will be defaulted to
3555 if not otherwise provided. For unencrypted datasets, this flag will be
3558 Note that if you do not use this flag for sending encrypted datasets, data will
3559 be sent unencrypted and may be re-encrypted with a different encryption key on
3560 the receiving system, which will disable the ability to do a raw send to that
3561 system for incrementals.
3562 .It Fl i Ar snapshot
3563 Generate an incremental stream from the first
3565 .Pq the incremental source
3568 .Pq the incremental target .
3569 The incremental source can be specified as the last component of the snapshot
3573 character and following
3575 and it is assumed to be from the same file system as the incremental target.
3577 If the destination is a clone, the source may be the origin snapshot, which must
3580 .Em pool/fs@origin ,
3588 Do not generate any actual send data.
3589 This is useful in conjunction with the
3593 flags to determine what data will be sent.
3594 In this case, the verbose output will be written to standard output
3595 .Po contrast with a non-dry-run, where the stream is written to standard output
3596 and the verbose output goes to standard error
3599 Include the dataset's properties in the stream.
3600 This flag is implicit when
3603 The receiving system must also support this feature. Sends of encrypted datasets
3606 when using this flag.
3608 Print verbose information about the stream package generated.
3609 This information includes a per-second report of how much data has been sent.
3611 The format of the stream is committed.
3612 You will be able to receive your streams on future versions of ZFS.
3618 .Op Fl i Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark
3619 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
3621 Generate a send stream, which may be of a filesystem, and may be incremental
3623 If the destination is a filesystem or volume, the pool must be read-only, or the
3624 filesystem must not be mounted.
3625 When the stream generated from a filesystem or volume is received, the default
3626 snapshot name will be
3628 .Bl -tag -width "-L"
3629 .It Fl L, -large-block
3630 Generate a stream which may contain blocks larger than 128KB.
3631 This flag has no effect if the
3633 pool feature is disabled, or if the
3635 property of this filesystem has never been set above 128KB.
3636 The receiving system must have the
3638 pool feature enabled as well.
3640 .Xr zpool-features 5
3641 for details on ZFS feature flags and the
3645 Print machine-parsable verbose information about the stream package generated.
3646 .It Fl c, -compressed
3647 Generate a more compact stream by using compressed WRITE records for blocks
3648 which are compressed on disk and in memory
3651 property for details
3655 feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have
3656 that feature enabled as well.
3659 feature is enabled on the sending system but the
3661 option is not supplied in conjunction with
3663 then the data will be decompressed before sending so it can be split into
3664 smaller block sizes.
3666 For encrypted datasets, send data exactly as it exists on disk. This allows
3667 backups to be taken even if encryption keys are not currently loaded. The
3668 backup may then be received on an untrusted machine since that machine will
3669 not have the encryption keys to read the protected data or alter it without
3670 being detected. Upon being received, the dataset will have the same encryption
3671 keys as it did on the send side, although the
3673 property will be defaulted to
3675 if not otherwise provided. For unencrypted datasets, this flag will be
3678 Note that if you do not use this flag for sending encrypted datasets, data will
3679 be sent unencrypted and may be re-encrypted with a different encryption key on
3680 the receiving system, which will disable the ability to do a raw send to that
3681 system for incrementals.
3683 Generate a more compact stream by using
3685 records for blocks which are stored more compactly on disk by the
3688 This flag has no effect if the
3690 feature is disabled.
3691 The receiving system must have the
3696 feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have
3697 that feature enabled as well. Datasets that are sent with this flag may not be
3698 received as an encrypted dataset, since encrypted datasets cannot use the
3702 .Xr zpool-features 5
3703 for details on ZFS feature flags and the
3706 .It Fl i Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark
3707 Generate an incremental send stream.
3708 The incremental source must be an earlier snapshot in the destination's history.
3709 It will commonly be an earlier snapshot in the destination's file system, in
3710 which case it can be specified as the last component of the name
3715 character and following
3718 If the incremental target is a clone, the incremental source can be the origin
3719 snapshot, or an earlier snapshot in the origin's filesystem, or the origin's
3725 Do not generate any actual send data.
3726 This is useful in conjunction with the
3730 flags to determine what data will be sent.
3731 In this case, the verbose output will be written to standard output
3732 .Po contrast with a non-dry-run, where the stream is written to standard output
3733 and the verbose output goes to standard error
3736 Print verbose information about the stream package generated.
3737 This information includes a per-second report of how much data has been sent.
3744 .Ar receive_resume_token
3746 Creates a send stream which resumes an interrupted receive.
3748 .Ar receive_resume_token
3749 is the value of this property on the filesystem or volume that was being
3751 See the documentation for
3758 .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot
3759 .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
3760 .Op Fl x Ar property
3761 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot
3767 .Op Fl d Ns | Ns Fl e
3768 .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot
3769 .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
3770 .Op Fl x Ar property
3773 Creates a snapshot whose contents are as specified in the stream provided on
3775 If a full stream is received, then a new file system is created as well.
3776 Streams are created using the
3778 subcommand, which by default creates a full stream.
3780 can be used as an alias for
3783 If an incremental stream is received, then the destination file system must
3784 already exist, and its most recent snapshot must match the incremental stream's
3788 the destination device link is destroyed and recreated, which means the
3790 cannot be accessed during the
3794 When a snapshot replication package stream that is generated by using the
3795 .Nm zfs Cm send Fl R
3796 command is received, any snapshots that do not exist on the sending location are
3797 destroyed by using the
3798 .Nm zfs Cm destroy Fl d
3802 .Fl o Em property Ns = Ns Ar value
3805 is specified, it applies to the effective value of the property throughout
3806 the entire subtree of replicated datasets. Effective property values will be
3811 ) on the topmost in the replicated subtree. In descendant datasets, if the
3812 property is set by the send stream, it will be overridden by forcing the
3813 property to be inherited from the top‐most file system. Received properties
3814 are retained in spite of being overridden and may be restored with
3815 .Nm zfs Cm inherit Fl S .
3817 .Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Em snapshot
3818 is a special case because, even if
3820 is a read-only property and cannot be set, it's allowed to receive the send
3821 stream as a clone of the given snapshot.
3823 Raw encrypted send streams (created with
3824 .Nm zfs Cm send Fl w
3825 ) may only be received as is, and cannot be re-encrypted, decrypted, or
3826 recompressed by the receive process. Unencrypted streams can be received as
3827 encrypted datasets, either through inheritance or by specifying encryption
3832 The name of the snapshot
3833 .Pq and file system, if a full stream is received
3834 that this subcommand creates depends on the argument type and the use of the
3840 If the argument is a snapshot name, the specified
3843 If the argument is a file system or volume name, a snapshot with the same name
3844 as the sent snapshot is created within the specified
3852 options are specified, the provided target snapshot name is used exactly as
3859 options cause the file system name of the target snapshot to be determined by
3860 appending a portion of the sent snapshot's name to the specified target
3864 option is specified, all but the first element of the sent snapshot's file
3866 .Pq usually the pool name
3867 is used and any required intermediate file systems within the specified one are
3871 option is specified, then only the last element of the sent snapshot's file
3873 .Pq i.e. the name of the source file system itself
3874 is used as the target file system name.
3875 .Bl -tag -width "-F"
3877 Force a rollback of the file system to the most recent snapshot before
3878 performing the receive operation.
3879 If receiving an incremental replication stream
3880 .Po for example, one generated by
3881 .Nm zfs Cm send Fl R Op Fl i Ns | Ns Fl I
3883 destroy snapshots and file systems that do not exist on the sending side.
3885 Discard the first element of the sent snapshot's file system name, using the
3886 remaining elements to determine the name of the target file system for the new
3887 snapshot as described in the paragraph above.
3889 Discard all but the last element of the sent snapshot's file system name, using
3890 that element to determine the name of the target file system for the new
3891 snapshot as described in the paragraph above.
3893 Do not actually receive the stream.
3894 This can be useful in conjunction with the
3896 option to verify the name the receive operation would use.
3897 .It Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot
3898 Forces the stream to be received as a clone of the given snapshot.
3899 If the stream is a full send stream, this will create the filesystem
3900 described by the stream as a clone of the specified snapshot.
3901 Which snapshot was specified will not affect the success or failure of the
3902 receive, as long as the snapshot does exist.
3903 If the stream is an incremental send stream, all the normal verification will be
3905 .It Fl o Em property Ns = Ns Ar value
3906 Sets the specified property as if the command
3907 .Nm zfs Cm set Em property Ns = Ns Ar value
3908 was invoked immediately before the receive. When receiving a stream from
3909 .Nm zfs Cm send Fl R ,
3910 causes the property to be inherited by all descendant datasets, as through
3911 .Nm zfs Cm inherit Em property
3912 was run on any descendant datasets that have this property set on the
3915 Any editable property can be set at receive time. Set-once properties bound
3916 to the received data, such as
3919 .Sy casesensitivity ,
3920 cannot be set at receive time even when the datasets are newly created by
3921 .Nm zfs Cm receive .
3922 Additionally both settable properties
3926 cannot be set at receive time.
3930 option may be specified multiple times, for different properties. An error
3931 results if the same property is specified in multiple
3939 option may also be used to override encryption properties upon initial
3940 receive. This allows unencrypted streams to be received as encrypted datasets.
3941 To cause the received dataset (or root dataset of a recursive stream) to be
3942 received as an encryption root, specify encryption properties in the same
3943 manner as is required for
3948 # zfs send tank/test@snap1 | zfs recv -o encryption=on -o keyformat=passphrase -o keylocation=file:///path/to/keyfile
3952 .Op Fl o Ar keylocation Ns = Ns Ar prompt
3953 may not be specified here, since stdin is already being utilized for the send
3954 stream. Once the receive has completed, you can use
3957 to change this setting after the fact. Similarly, you can receive a dataset as
3958 an encrypted child by specifying
3959 .Op Fl x Ar encryption
3960 to force the property to be inherited. Overriding encryption properties (except
3962 .Sy keylocation Ns )
3963 is not possible with raw send streams.
3965 If the receive is interrupted, save the partially received state, rather
3967 Interruption may be due to premature termination of the stream
3968 .Po e.g. due to network failure or failure of the remote system
3969 if the stream is being read over a network connection
3971 a checksum error in the stream, termination of the
3973 process, or unclean shutdown of the system.
3975 The receive can be resumed with a stream generated by
3976 .Nm zfs Cm send Fl t Ar token ,
3980 .Sy receive_resume_token
3981 property of the filesystem or volume which is received into.
3983 To use this flag, the storage pool must have the
3984 .Sy extensible_dataset
3987 .Xr zpool-features 5
3988 for details on ZFS feature flags.
3990 File system that is associated with the received stream is not mounted.
3992 Print verbose information about the stream and the time required to perform the
3994 .It Fl x Em property
3995 Ensures that the effective value of the specified property after the
3996 receive is unaffected by the value of that property in the send stream (if any),
3997 as if the property had been excluded from the send stream.
3999 If the specified property is not present in the send stream, this option does
4002 If a received property needs to be overridden, the effective value will be
4003 set or inherited, depending on whether the property is inheritable or not.
4005 In the case of an incremental update,
4007 leaves any existing local setting or explicit inheritance unchanged.
4011 restrictions on set-once and special properties apply equally to
4018 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4020 Abort an interrupted
4021 .Nm zfs Cm receive Fl s ,
4022 deleting its saved partially received state.
4026 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4028 Displays permissions that have been delegated on the specified filesystem or
4030 See the other forms of
4032 for more information.
4034 Delegations are supported under Linux with the exception of
4042 These permissions cannot be delegated because the Linux
4044 command restricts modifications of the global namespace to the root user.
4049 .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ...
4050 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4051 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
4052 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4058 .Fl e Ns | Ns Sy everyone
4059 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4060 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
4061 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4063 Delegates ZFS administration permission for the file systems to non-privileged
4065 .Bl -tag -width "-d"
4067 Allow only for the descendent file systems.
4068 .It Fl e Ns | Ns Sy everyone
4069 Specifies that the permissions be delegated to everyone.
4070 .It Fl g Ar group Ns Oo , Ns Ar group Oc Ns ...
4071 Explicitly specify that permissions are delegated to the group.
4075 only for the specified file system.
4076 .It Fl u Ar user Ns Oo , Ns Ar user Oc Ns ...
4077 Explicitly specify that permissions are delegated to the user.
4078 .It Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ...
4079 Specifies to whom the permissions are delegated.
4080 Multiple entities can be specified as a comma-separated list.
4083 options are specified, then the argument is interpreted preferentially as the
4086 then as a user name, and lastly as a group name.
4087 To specify a user or group named
4094 To specify a group with the same name as a user, use the
4098 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4099 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
4101 The permissions to delegate.
4102 Multiple permissions may be specified as a comma-separated list.
4103 Permission names are the same as ZFS subcommand and property names.
4104 See the property list below.
4105 Property set names, which begin with
4110 form below for details.
4115 options are specified, or both are, then the permissions are allowed for the
4116 file system or volume, and all of its descendents.
4118 Permissions are generally the ability to use a ZFS subcommand or change a ZFS
4120 The following permissions are available:
4123 allow subcommand Must also have the permission that is
4125 clone subcommand Must also have the 'create' ability and
4126 'mount' ability in the origin file system
4127 create subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability
4128 destroy subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability
4129 diff subcommand Allows lookup of paths within a dataset
4130 given an object number, and the ability
4131 to create snapshots necessary to
4133 load-key subcommand Allows loading and unloading of encryption key
4134 (see 'zfs load-key' and 'zfs unload-key').
4135 change-key subcommand Allows changing an encryption key via
4137 mount subcommand Allows mount/umount of ZFS datasets
4138 promote subcommand Must also have the 'mount' and 'promote'
4139 ability in the origin file system
4140 receive subcommand Must also have the 'mount' and 'create'
4142 rename subcommand Must also have the 'mount' and 'create'
4143 ability in the new parent
4144 rollback subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability
4146 share subcommand Allows sharing file systems over NFS
4148 snapshot subcommand Must also have the 'mount' ability
4150 groupquota other Allows accessing any groupquota@...
4152 groupused other Allows reading any groupused@... property
4153 userprop other Allows changing any user property
4154 userquota other Allows accessing any userquota@...
4156 userused other Allows reading any userused@... property
4157 projectobjquota other Allows accessing any projectobjquota@...
4159 projectquota other Allows accessing any projectquota@... property
4160 projectobjused other Allows reading any projectobjused@... property
4161 projectused other Allows reading any projectused@... property
4167 casesensitivity property
4169 compression property
4173 filesystem_limit property
4176 normalization property
4177 primarycache property
4182 refreservation property
4183 reservation property
4184 secondarycache property
4189 snapshot_limit property
4192 volblocksize property
4202 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4203 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
4204 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4209 These permissions are granted
4211 to the creator of any newly-created descendent file system.
4215 .Fl s No @ Ns Ar setname
4216 .Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4217 .Ar setname Oc Ns ...
4218 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4220 Defines or adds permissions to a permission set.
4221 The set can be used by other
4223 commands for the specified file system and its descendents.
4224 Sets are evaluated dynamically, so changes to a set are immediately reflected.
4225 Permission sets follow the same naming restrictions as ZFS file systems, but the
4226 name must begin with
4228 and can be no more than 64 characters long.
4233 .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ...
4234 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4235 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
4236 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4242 .Fl e Ns | Ns Sy everyone
4243 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4244 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
4245 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4252 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4253 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
4254 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4256 Removes permissions that were granted with the
4259 No permissions are explicitly denied, so other permissions granted are still in
4261 For example, if the permission is granted by an ancestor.
4262 If no permissions are specified, then all permissions for the specified
4274 only removes the permissions that were granted to everyone, not all permissions
4275 for every user and group.
4278 command for a description of the
4281 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4283 Recursively remove the permissions from this file system and all descendents.
4289 .Fl s No @ Ns Ar setname
4290 .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns Ar setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns @ Ns
4291 .Ar setname Oc Ns ... Oc
4292 .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume
4294 Removes permissions from a permission set.
4295 If no permissions are specified, then all permissions are removed, thus removing
4301 .Ar tag Ar snapshot Ns ...
4303 Adds a single reference, named with the
4305 argument, to the specified snapshot or snapshots.
4306 Each snapshot has its own tag namespace, and tags must be unique within that
4309 If a hold exists on a snapshot, attempts to destroy that snapshot by using the
4313 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4315 Specifies that a hold with the given tag is applied recursively to the snapshots
4316 of all descendent file systems.
4324 Lists all existing user references for the given snapshot or snapshots.
4325 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4327 Lists the holds that are set on the named descendent snapshots, in addition to
4328 listing the holds on the named snapshot.
4330 Do not print headers, use tab-delimited output.
4336 .Ar tag Ar snapshot Ns ...
4338 Removes a single reference, named with the
4340 argument, from the specified snapshot or snapshots.
4341 The tag must already exist for each snapshot.
4342 If a hold exists on a snapshot, attempts to destroy that snapshot by using the
4346 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4348 Recursively releases a hold with the given tag on the snapshots of all
4349 descendent file systems.
4355 .Ar snapshot Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar filesystem
4357 Display the difference between a snapshot of a given filesystem and another
4358 snapshot of that filesystem from a later time or the current contents of the
4360 The first column is a character indicating the type of change, the other columns
4361 indicate pathname, new pathname
4362 .Pq in case of rename ,
4363 change in link count, and optionally file type and/or change time.
4364 The types of change are:
4366 - The path has been removed
4367 + The path has been created
4368 M The path has been modified
4369 R The path has been renamed
4371 .Bl -tag -width "-F"
4373 Display an indication of the type of file, in a manner similar to the
4389 Give more parsable tab-separated output, without header lines and without
4392 Display the path's inode change time as the first column of output.
4399 .Op Fl m Ar memory_limit
4405 as a ZFS channel program on
4408 program interface allows ZFS administrative operations to be run
4409 programmatically via a Lua script.
4410 The entire script is executed atomically, with no other administrative
4411 operations taking effect concurrently.
4412 A library of ZFS calls is made available to channel program scripts.
4413 Channel programs may only be run with root privileges.
4415 For full documentation of the ZFS channel program interface, see the manual
4420 Display channel program output in JSON format. When this flag is specified and
4421 standard output is empty - channel program encountered an error. The details of
4422 such an error will be printed to standard error in plain text.
4424 Executes a read-only channel program, which runs faster.
4425 The program cannot change on-disk state by calling functions from
4426 the zfs.sync submodule.
4427 The program can be used to gather information such as properties and
4428 determining if changes would succeed (zfs.check.*).
4429 Without this flag, all pending changes must be synced to disk before
4430 a channel program can complete.
4432 Execution time limit, in milliseconds.
4433 If a channel program executes for longer than the provided timeout, it will
4434 be stopped and an error will be returned.
4435 The default timeout is 1000 ms, and can be set to a maximum of 10000 ms.
4436 .It Fl m Ar memory-limit
4437 Memory limit, in bytes.
4438 If a channel program attempts to allocate more memory than the given limit,
4439 it will be stopped and an error returned.
4440 The default memory limit is 10 MB, and can be set to a maximum of 100 MB.
4442 All remaining argument strings are passed directly to the channel program as
4446 for more information.
4452 .Op Fl L Ar keylocation
4453 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
4457 allowing it and all children that inherit the
4459 property to be accessed. The key will be expected in the format specified by the
4461 and location specified by the
4463 property. Note that if the
4467 the terminal will interactively wait for the key to be entered. Loading a key
4468 will not automatically mount the dataset. If that functionality is desired,
4469 .Nm zfs Cm mount Sy -l
4470 will ask for the key and mount the dataset. Once the key is loaded the
4472 property will become
4474 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4476 Recursively loads the keys for the specified filesystem and all descendent
4479 Loads the keys for all encryption roots in all imported pools.
4483 load-key. This will cause zfs to simply check that the
4484 provided key is correct. This command may be run even if the key is already
4486 .It Fl L Ar keylocation
4491 property. This will not change the value of the property on the dataset. Note
4492 that if used with either
4497 may only be given as
4504 .Fl a | Ar filesystem
4506 Unloads a key from ZFS, removing the ability to access the dataset and all of
4507 its children that inherit the
4509 property. This requires that the dataset is not currently open or mounted. Once
4510 the key is unloaded the
4512 property will become
4514 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4516 Recursively unloads the keys for the specified filesystem and all descendent
4519 Unloads the keys for all encryption roots in all imported pools.
4525 .Op Fl o Ar keylocation Ns = Ns Ar value
4526 .Op Fl o Ar keyformat Ns = Ns Ar value
4527 .Op Fl o Ar pbkdf2iters Ns = Ns Ar value
4537 Allows a user to change the encryption key used to access a dataset. This
4538 command requires that the existing key for the dataset is already loaded into
4539 ZFS. This command may also be used to change the
4544 properties as needed. If the dataset was not previously an encryption root it
4545 will become one. Alternatively, the
4547 flag may be provided to cause an encryption root to inherit the parent's key
4549 .Bl -tag -width "-r"
4551 Ensures the key is loaded before attempting to change the key. This is
4552 effectively equivalent to
4553 .Qq Nm zfs Cm load-key Ar filesystem ; Nm zfs Cm change-key Ar filesystem
4554 .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
4555 Allows the user to set encryption key properties (
4560 ) while changing the key. This is the only way to alter
4564 after the dataset has been created.
4566 Indicates that zfs should make
4568 inherit the key of its parent. Note that this command can only be run on an
4569 encryption root that has an encrypted parent.
4575 utility exits 0 on success, 1 if an error occurs, and 2 if invalid command line
4576 options were specified.
4579 .It Sy Example 1 No Creating a ZFS File System Hierarchy
4580 The following commands create a file system named
4582 and a file system named
4586 is set for the parent file system, and is automatically inherited by the child
4589 # zfs create pool/home
4590 # zfs set mountpoint=/export/home pool/home
4591 # zfs create pool/home/bob
4593 .It Sy Example 2 No Creating a ZFS Snapshot
4594 The following command creates a snapshot named
4596 This snapshot is mounted on demand in the
4598 directory at the root of the
4602 # zfs snapshot pool/home/bob@yesterday
4604 .It Sy Example 3 No Creating and Destroying Multiple Snapshots
4605 The following command creates snapshots named
4609 and all of its descendent file systems.
4610 Each snapshot is mounted on demand in the
4612 directory at the root of its file system.
4613 The second command destroys the newly created snapshots.
4615 # zfs snapshot -r pool/home@yesterday
4616 # zfs destroy -r pool/home@yesterday
4618 .It Sy Example 4 No Disabling and Enabling File System Compression
4619 The following command disables the
4621 property for all file systems under
4623 The next command explicitly enables
4626 .Em pool/home/anne .
4628 # zfs set compression=off pool/home
4629 # zfs set compression=on pool/home/anne
4631 .It Sy Example 5 No Listing ZFS Datasets
4632 The following command lists all active file systems and volumes in the system.
4633 Snapshots are displayed if the
4641 for more information on pool properties.
4644 NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
4645 pool 450K 457G 18K /pool
4646 pool/home 315K 457G 21K /export/home
4647 pool/home/anne 18K 457G 18K /export/home/anne
4648 pool/home/bob 276K 457G 276K /export/home/bob
4650 .It Sy Example 6 No Setting a Quota on a ZFS File System
4651 The following command sets a quota of 50 Gbytes for
4654 # zfs set quota=50G pool/home/bob
4656 .It Sy Example 7 No Listing ZFS Properties
4657 The following command lists all properties for
4660 # zfs get all pool/home/bob
4661 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE
4662 pool/home/bob type filesystem -
4663 pool/home/bob creation Tue Jul 21 15:53 2009 -
4664 pool/home/bob used 21K -
4665 pool/home/bob available 20.0G -
4666 pool/home/bob referenced 21K -
4667 pool/home/bob compressratio 1.00x -
4668 pool/home/bob mounted yes -
4669 pool/home/bob quota 20G local
4670 pool/home/bob reservation none default
4671 pool/home/bob recordsize 128K default
4672 pool/home/bob mountpoint /pool/home/bob default
4673 pool/home/bob sharenfs off default
4674 pool/home/bob checksum on default
4675 pool/home/bob compression on local
4676 pool/home/bob atime on default
4677 pool/home/bob devices on default
4678 pool/home/bob exec on default
4679 pool/home/bob setuid on default
4680 pool/home/bob readonly off default
4681 pool/home/bob zoned off default
4682 pool/home/bob snapdir hidden default
4683 pool/home/bob acltype off default
4684 pool/home/bob aclinherit restricted default
4685 pool/home/bob canmount on default
4686 pool/home/bob xattr on default
4687 pool/home/bob copies 1 default
4688 pool/home/bob version 4 -
4689 pool/home/bob utf8only off -
4690 pool/home/bob normalization none -
4691 pool/home/bob casesensitivity sensitive -
4692 pool/home/bob vscan off default
4693 pool/home/bob nbmand off default
4694 pool/home/bob sharesmb off default
4695 pool/home/bob refquota none default
4696 pool/home/bob refreservation none default
4697 pool/home/bob primarycache all default
4698 pool/home/bob secondarycache all default
4699 pool/home/bob usedbysnapshots 0 -
4700 pool/home/bob usedbydataset 21K -
4701 pool/home/bob usedbychildren 0 -
4702 pool/home/bob usedbyrefreservation 0 -
4705 The following command gets a single property value.
4707 # zfs get -H -o value compression pool/home/bob
4710 The following command lists all properties with local settings for
4713 # zfs get -r -s local -o name,property,value all pool/home/bob
4715 pool/home/bob quota 20G
4716 pool/home/bob compression on
4718 .It Sy Example 8 No Rolling Back a ZFS File System
4719 The following command reverts the contents of
4721 to the snapshot named
4723 deleting all intermediate snapshots.
4725 # zfs rollback -r pool/home/anne@yesterday
4727 .It Sy Example 9 No Creating a ZFS Clone
4728 The following command creates a writable file system whose initial contents are
4730 .Em pool/home/bob@yesterday .
4732 # zfs clone pool/home/bob@yesterday pool/clone
4734 .It Sy Example 10 No Promoting a ZFS Clone
4735 The following commands illustrate how to test out changes to a file system, and
4736 then replace the original file system with the changed one, using clones, clone
4737 promotion, and renaming:
4739 # zfs create pool/project/production
4740 populate /pool/project/production with data
4741 # zfs snapshot pool/project/production@today
4742 # zfs clone pool/project/production@today pool/project/beta
4743 make changes to /pool/project/beta and test them
4744 # zfs promote pool/project/beta
4745 # zfs rename pool/project/production pool/project/legacy
4746 # zfs rename pool/project/beta pool/project/production
4747 once the legacy version is no longer needed, it can be destroyed
4748 # zfs destroy pool/project/legacy
4750 .It Sy Example 11 No Inheriting ZFS Properties
4751 The following command causes
4757 property from their parent.
4759 # zfs inherit checksum pool/home/bob pool/home/anne
4761 .It Sy Example 12 No Remotely Replicating ZFS Data
4762 The following commands send a full stream and then an incremental stream to a
4763 remote machine, restoring them into
4764 .Em poolB/received/fs@a
4766 .Em poolB/received/fs@b ,
4769 must contain the file system
4770 .Em poolB/received ,
4771 and must not initially contain
4772 .Em poolB/received/fs .
4774 # zfs send pool/fs@a | \e
4775 ssh host zfs receive poolB/received/fs@a
4776 # zfs send -i a pool/fs@b | \e
4777 ssh host zfs receive poolB/received/fs
4779 .It Sy Example 13 No Using the zfs receive -d Option
4780 The following command sends a full stream of
4781 .Em poolA/fsA/fsB@snap
4782 to a remote machine, receiving it into
4783 .Em poolB/received/fsA/fsB@snap .
4786 portion of the received snapshot's name is determined from the name of the sent
4789 must contain the file system
4790 .Em poolB/received .
4792 .Em poolB/received/fsA
4793 does not exist, it is created as an empty file system.
4795 # zfs send poolA/fsA/fsB@snap | \e
4796 ssh host zfs receive -d poolB/received
4798 .It Sy Example 14 No Setting User Properties
4799 The following example sets the user-defined
4800 .Sy com.example:department
4801 property for a dataset.
4803 # zfs set com.example:department=12345 tank/accounting
4805 .It Sy Example 15 No Performing a Rolling Snapshot
4806 The following example shows how to maintain a history of snapshots with a
4807 consistent naming scheme.
4808 To keep a week's worth of snapshots, the user destroys the oldest snapshot,
4809 renames the remaining snapshots, and then creates a new snapshot, as follows:
4811 # zfs destroy -r pool/users@7daysago
4812 # zfs rename -r pool/users@6daysago @7daysago
4813 # zfs rename -r pool/users@5daysago @6daysago
4814 # zfs rename -r pool/users@4daysago @5daysago
4815 # zfs rename -r pool/users@3daysago @4daysago
4816 # zfs rename -r pool/users@2daysago @3daysago
4817 # zfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @2daysago
4818 # zfs rename -r pool/users@today @yesterday
4819 # zfs snapshot -r pool/users@today
4821 .It Sy Example 16 No Setting sharenfs Property Options on a ZFS File System
4822 The following commands show how to set
4824 property options to enable
4828 addresses and to enable root access for system
4834 # zfs set sharenfs='rw=@123.123.0.0/16,root=neo' tank/home
4839 for host name resolution, specify the fully qualified hostname.
4840 .It Sy Example 17 No Delegating ZFS Administration Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
4841 The following example shows how to set permissions so that user
4843 can create, destroy, mount, and take snapshots on
4849 # zfs allow cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot tank/cindys
4850 # zfs allow tank/cindys
4851 ---- Permissions on tank/cindys --------------------------------------
4852 Local+Descendent permissions:
4853 user cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot
4858 mount point permission is set to 755 by default, user
4860 will be unable to mount file systems under
4862 Add an ACE similar to the following syntax to provide mount point access:
4864 # chmod A+user:cindys:add_subdirectory:allow /tank/cindys
4866 .It Sy Example 18 No Delegating Create Time Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
4867 The following example shows how to grant anyone in the group
4869 to create file systems in
4871 This syntax also allows staff members to destroy their own file systems, but not
4872 destroy anyone else's file system.
4877 # zfs allow staff create,mount tank/users
4878 # zfs allow -c destroy tank/users
4879 # zfs allow tank/users
4880 ---- Permissions on tank/users ---------------------------------------
4883 Local+Descendent permissions:
4884 group staff create,mount
4886 .It Sy Example 19 No Defining and Granting a Permission Set on a ZFS Dataset
4887 The following example shows how to define and grant a permission set on the
4894 # zfs allow -s @pset create,destroy,snapshot,mount tank/users
4895 # zfs allow staff @pset tank/users
4896 # zfs allow tank/users
4897 ---- Permissions on tank/users ---------------------------------------
4899 @pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot
4900 Local+Descendent permissions:
4903 .It Sy Example 20 No Delegating Property Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
4904 The following example shows to grant the ability to set quotas and reservations
4912 # zfs allow cindys quota,reservation users/home
4913 # zfs allow users/home
4914 ---- Permissions on users/home ---------------------------------------
4915 Local+Descendent permissions:
4916 user cindys quota,reservation
4917 cindys% zfs set quota=10G users/home/marks
4918 cindys% zfs get quota users/home/marks
4919 NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE
4920 users/home/marks quota 10G local
4922 .It Sy Example 21 No Removing ZFS Delegated Permissions on a ZFS Dataset
4923 The following example shows how to remove the snapshot permission from the
4932 # zfs unallow staff snapshot tank/users
4933 # zfs allow tank/users
4934 ---- Permissions on tank/users ---------------------------------------
4936 @pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot
4937 Local+Descendent permissions:
4940 .It Sy Example 22 No Showing the differences between a snapshot and a ZFS Dataset
4941 The following example shows how to see what has changed between a prior
4942 snapshot of a ZFS dataset and its current state.
4945 option is used to indicate type information for the files affected.
4947 # zfs diff -F tank/test@before tank/test
4949 M F /tank/test/linked (+1)
4950 R F /tank/test/oldname -> /tank/test/newname
4951 - F /tank/test/deleted
4952 + F /tank/test/created
4953 M F /tank/test/modified
4955 .It Sy Example 23 No Creating a bookmark
4956 The following example create a bookmark to a snapshot. This bookmark
4957 can then be used instead of snapshot in send streams.
4959 # zfs bookmark rpool@snapshot rpool#bookmark
4961 .It Sy Example 24 No Setting sharesmb Property Options on a ZFS File System
4962 The following example show how to share SMB filesystem through ZFS. Note that
4963 that a user and his/her password must be given.
4965 # smbmount //127.0.0.1/share_tmp /mnt/tmp \\
4966 -o user=workgroup/turbo,password=obrut,uid=1000
4970 .Em /etc/samba/smb.conf
4971 configuration required:
4973 Samba will need to listen to 'localhost' (127.0.0.1) for the ZFS utilities to
4974 communicate with Samba. This is the default behavior for most Linux
4977 Samba must be able to authenticate a user. This can be done in a number of
4978 ways, depending on if using the system password file, LDAP or the Samba
4979 specific smbpasswd file. How to do this is outside the scope of this manual.
4982 man page for more information.
4985 .Sy USERSHARE section
4988 man page for all configuration options in case you need to modify any options
4989 to the share afterwards. Do note that any changes done with the
4991 command will be undone if the share is ever unshared (such as at a reboot etc).
4993 .Sh INTERFACE STABILITY
projects / mirror_zfs.git / blob