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9a6dc394 | 1 | [[chapter_installation]] |
32caab0e AL |
2 | Installing {pve} |
3 | ================ | |
194d2f29 | 4 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 5 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 DM |
6 | endif::manvolnum[] |
7 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
cb84ed18 | 8 | :title: Installation |
5f09af76 DM |
9 | endif::wiki[] |
10 | ||
32caab0e | 11 | {pve} is based on Debian. This is why the install disk images (ISO files) |
e5d3a235 | 12 | provided by Proxmox include a complete Debian system (Debian 10 Buster for |
32caab0e | 13 | {pve} version 6.x) as well as all necessary {pve} packages. |
2d99ce9b | 14 | |
32caab0e | 15 | The installer will guide through the setup, allowing you to partition the local |
9a6dc394 TL |
16 | disk(s), apply basic system configurations (for example, timezone, language, |
17 | network) and install all required packages. This process should not take more | |
18 | than a few minutes. Installing with the provided ISO is the recommended method | |
19 | for new and existing users. | |
d91f8c1e | 20 | |
32caab0e AL |
21 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. This |
22 | option is only recommended for advanced users because detailed knowledge about | |
23 | {pve} is required. | |
d91f8c1e | 24 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
25 | ifndef::wiki[] |
26 | ||
27 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
28 | ||
44ea3fd6 TL |
29 | include::pve-installation-media.adoc[] |
30 | ||
bc1c71d4 DM |
31 | endif::wiki[] |
32 | ||
5eba0743 | 33 | |
9a6dc394 | 34 | [[installation_installer]] |
2c6fed66 TM |
35 | Using the {pve} Installer |
36 | ------------------------- | |
d91f8c1e | 37 | |
44ea3fd6 | 38 | The installer ISO image includes the following: |
115aef16 | 39 | |
e69c1847 DM |
40 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) |
41 | ||
d3e2455a AL |
42 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, ext3, xfs |
43 | or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
e69c1847 | 44 | |
9a6dc394 | 45 | * {pve} Linux kernel with KVM and LXC support |
e69c1847 | 46 | |
9a6dc394 TL |
47 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers, the host |
48 | system, clusters and all necessary resources | |
e69c1847 | 49 | |
32caab0e | 50 | * Web-based management interface |
115aef16 | 51 | |
32caab0e AL |
52 | NOTE: All existing data on the server will be removed during the installation |
53 | process. | |
078924cd | 54 | |
44ea3fd6 TL |
55 | Please insert the xref:installation_prepare_media[prepared installation media] |
56 | (for example, USB flash drive or CD-ROM) and boot from it. | |
57 | ||
58 | TIP: Make sure that booting from the installation medium (for example, USB) is | |
59 | enabled in your servers firmware settings. | |
2c6fed66 | 60 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 61 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 62 | |
32caab0e AL |
63 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu will be |
64 | displayed and one of the following options can be selected: | |
d91f8c1e | 65 | |
32caab0e | 66 | Install {pve}:: |
d91f8c1e | 67 | |
32caab0e | 68 | Starts the normal installation. |
d91f8c1e | 69 | |
32caab0e AL |
70 | TIP: It's possible to use the installation wizard with a keyboard only. Buttons |
71 | can be clicked by pressing the `ALT` key combined with the underlined character | |
72 | from the respective button. For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
1a5554fc | 73 | |
32caab0e | 74 | Install {pve} (Debug mode):: |
d91f8c1e | 75 | |
32caab0e AL |
76 | Starts the installation in debug mode. A console will be opened at several |
77 | installation steps. This helps to debug the situation if something goes wrong. | |
8dc994f7 TL |
78 | To exit a debug console, press `CTRL-D`. This option can be used to boot a live |
79 | system with all basic tools available. You can use it, for example, to | |
80 | xref:chapter_zfs[repair a degraded ZFS 'rpool'] or fix the | |
81 | xref:sysboot[bootloader] for an existing {pve} setup. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
82 | |
83 | Rescue Boot:: | |
84 | ||
32caab0e AL |
85 | With this option you can boot an existing installation. It searches all attached |
86 | hard disks. If it finds an existing installation, it boots directly into that | |
87 | disk using the Linux kernel from the ISO. This can be useful if there are | |
88 | problems with the boot block (grub) or the BIOS is unable to read the boot block | |
89 | from the disk. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
90 | |
91 | Test Memory:: | |
92 | ||
32caab0e AL |
93 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if the memory is functional and free |
94 | of errors. | |
d91f8c1e | 95 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 96 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 97 | |
32caab0e AL |
98 | After selecting *Install {pve}* and accepting the EULA, the prompt to select the |
99 | target hard disk(s) will appear. The `Options` button opens the dialog to select | |
100 | the target file system. | |
d91f8c1e | 101 | |
32caab0e AL |
102 | The default file system is `ext4`. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is used when |
103 | `ext3`, `ext4` or `xfs` ist selected. Additional options to restrict LVM space | |
104 | can be set (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>). | |
105 | ||
106 | {pve} can be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels, this | |
107 | is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The target | |
108 | disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific settings can | |
109 | be changed under `Advanced Options` (see <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
110 | ||
111 | WARNING: ZFS on top of any hardware RAID is not supported and can result in data | |
112 | loss. | |
d91f8c1e | 113 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 114 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 115 | |
32caab0e AL |
116 | The next page asks for basic configuration options like the location, the time |
117 | zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a download server | |
118 | close by to speed up updates. The installer usually auto-detects these settings. | |
119 | They only need to be changed in the rare case that auto detection fails or a | |
120 | different keyboard layout should be used. | |
2d99ce9b | 121 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 122 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 123 | |
32caab0e AL |
124 | Next the password of the superuser (root) and an email address needs to be |
125 | specified. The password must consist of at least 5 characters. It's highly | |
126 | recommended to use a stronger password. Some guidelines are: | |
2d99ce9b DM |
127 | |
128 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
129 | ||
32caab0e | 130 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols. |
2d99ce9b | 131 | |
32caab0e AL |
132 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, common dictionary words, |
133 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links | |
134 | (current or past), and biographical information (for example ID numbers, | |
135 | ancestors' names or dates). | |
2d99ce9b | 136 | |
32caab0e AL |
137 | The email address is used to send notifications to the system administrator. |
138 | For example: | |
2d99ce9b DM |
139 | |
140 | - Information about available package updates. | |
141 | ||
142 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
143 | ||
7df6cb98 TL |
144 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] |
145 | ||
32caab0e AL |
146 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that during installation |
147 | you can either use an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not both. To configure a dual | |
148 | stack node, add additional IP addresses after the installation. | |
d91f8c1e | 149 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 150 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 151 | |
32caab0e AL |
152 | The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Re-check every |
153 | setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be changed. To | |
154 | accept, press `Install`. The installation starts to format disks and copies | |
155 | packages to the target. Please wait until this step has finished; then remove | |
156 | the installation medium and restart your system. | |
d91f8c1e | 157 | |
7df6cb98 TL |
158 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"] |
159 | ||
160 | If the installation failed check out specific errors on the second TTY | |
32caab0e | 161 | (`CTRL + ALT + F2'), ensure that the systems meets the |
7df6cb98 | 162 | xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation |
32caab0e | 163 | is still not working look at the xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter]. |
7df6cb98 | 164 | |
32caab0e AL |
165 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Point your browser |
166 | to the IP address given during installation (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
fe6c04d5 | 167 | |
32caab0e AL |
168 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is defined |
169 | during the installation process. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
170 | |
171 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
5eba0743 | 172 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options |
6b5fc47b | 173 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 174 | |
32caab0e AL |
175 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical |
176 | Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`. To control the size of these | |
177 | volumes use: | |
d91f8c1e DM |
178 | |
179 | `hdsize`:: | |
180 | ||
32caab0e AL |
181 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This way you can reserve free space |
182 | on the hard disk for further partitioning (for example for an additional PV and | |
183 | VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
d91f8c1e DM |
184 | |
185 | `swapsize`:: | |
186 | ||
d3e2455a AL |
187 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the installed |
188 | memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot be greater | |
189 | than `hdsize/8`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
190 | + |
191 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
192 | |
193 | `maxroot`:: | |
194 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
195 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation |
196 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
197 | |
198 | `maxvz`:: | |
199 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
200 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` |
201 | volume is: | |
202 | + | |
203 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
204 | + | |
205 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
e8fe2b1b | 206 | + |
32caab0e AL |
207 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` is |
208 | bigger than 4GB. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
209 | + |
210 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
211 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
212 | |
213 | `minfree`:: | |
214 | ||
32caab0e AL |
215 | Defines the amount of free space left in the LVM volume group `pve`. With more |
216 | than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` will be used. | |
d91f8c1e | 217 | + |
32caab0e AL |
218 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for |
219 | lvmthin snapshots). | |
d91f8c1e | 220 | |
71280de0 SI |
221 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] |
222 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
223 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
32caab0e AL |
224 | The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`. No swap space is created but you can |
225 | reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for swap. You can also | |
226 | create a swap zvol after the installation, altough this can lead to problems. | |
71280de0 SI |
227 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). |
228 | ||
229 | `ashift`:: | |
230 | ||
32caab0e AL |
231 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs to be set at |
232 | least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to the power of `ashift` is | |
233 | the sector-size), or any disk which might be put in the pool (for example the | |
234 | replacement of a defective disk). | |
71280de0 SI |
235 | |
236 | `compress`:: | |
237 | ||
238 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
239 | ||
240 | `checksum`:: | |
241 | ||
242 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
243 | ||
244 | `copies`:: | |
245 | ||
246 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
247 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
248 | ||
249 | `hdsize`:: | |
250 | ||
32caab0e AL |
251 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This is useful to save free space |
252 | on the hard disk(s) for further partitioning (for exmaple to create a | |
253 | swap-partition). `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, that is only the | |
254 | first disk or mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
71280de0 | 255 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
256 | |
257 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
6b5fc47b | 258 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 259 | |
32caab0e AL |
260 | ZFS works best with a lot of memory. If you intend to use ZFS make sure to have |
261 | enough RAM available for it. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
cdf58596 | 262 | RAW disk space. |
d91f8c1e | 263 | |
32caab0e AL |
264 | ZFS can use a dedicated drive as write cache, called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). |
265 | Use a fast drive (SSD) for it. It can be added after installation with the | |
266 | following command: | |
d91f8c1e | 267 | |
32caab0e AL |
268 | ---- |
269 | # zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
270 | ---- | |
078924cd DM |
271 | |
272 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
273 | ||
5c6cf7ac DM |
274 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] |
275 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
276 | ||
d7f5c1f7 TL |
277 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Buster] |
278 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
2c6fed66 | 279 | |
078924cd DM |
280 | endif::wiki[] |
281 | ||
282 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
283 | ||
284 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
6b5fc47b | 285 | ----------------------- |
078924cd | 286 | |
32caab0e AL |
287 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages and can be installed on to of a standard |
288 | Debian installation. | |
289 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories] you need | |
290 | to run the following commands: | |
078924cd | 291 | |
078924cd | 292 | ---- |
32caab0e AL |
293 | # apt-get update |
294 | # apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
078924cd DM |
295 | ---- |
296 | ||
32caab0e AL |
297 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but it presumes |
298 | that the base system has been installed correctly and that you know how you want | |
299 | to configure and use the local storage. You also need to configure the network | |
300 | manually. | |
115aef16 | 301 | |
32caab0e | 302 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when LVM or ZFS is used. |
115aef16 | 303 | |
32caab0e | 304 | A detailed step by step how-to can be found on the |
acb3e8d7 | 305 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. |
078924cd | 306 | |
078924cd | 307 | |
5c6cf7ac | 308 | endif::wiki[] |
078924cd | 309 | |
078924cd DM |
310 | ifdef::wiki[] |
311 | ||
312 | Video Tutorials | |
6b5fc47b | 313 | --------------- |
078924cd DM |
314 | |
315 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
32caab0e | 316 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[{pve} YouTube Channel] |
078924cd DM |
317 | |
318 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
319 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
320 | YouTube Play List] | |
321 | ||
322 | ||
323 | See Also | |
6b5fc47b | 324 | -------- |
078924cd | 325 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
326 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] |
327 | ||
078924cd DM |
328 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] |
329 | ||
330 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
331 | ||
332 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
333 | ||
e723066c DM |
334 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] |
335 | ||
078924cd | 336 | endif::wiki[] |