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1 | Installing Proxmox VE | |
2 | ===================== | |
3 | ifndef::manvolnum[] | |
4 | :pve-toplevel: | |
5 | endif::manvolnum[] | |
6 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
7 | :title: Installation | |
8 | endif::wiki[] | |
9 | ||
10 | {pve} is based on Debian, therefore the disk image (ISO file) provided | |
11 | by us includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as | |
12 | well as all necessary {pve} packages. | |
13 | ||
14 | Using the installer will guide you through the setup, allowing | |
15 | you to partition the local disk(s), apply basic system configurations | |
16 | (e.g. timezone, language, network) and install all required packages. | |
17 | Using the provided ISO will get you started in just a few minutes, | |
18 | that's why we recommend this method for new and existing users. | |
19 | ||
20 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian | |
21 | system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since | |
22 | detailed knowledge about {pve} is necessary. | |
23 | ||
24 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
25 | ||
26 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
27 | ||
28 | endif::wiki[] | |
29 | ||
30 | ||
31 | Using the {pve} Installer | |
32 | ------------------------- | |
33 | ||
34 | You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads. | |
35 | It includes the following: | |
36 | ||
37 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) | |
38 | ||
39 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, | |
40 | ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
41 | ||
42 | * {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support | |
43 | ||
44 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and | |
45 | all necessary resources | |
46 | ||
47 | * Web based management interface for using the toolset | |
48 | ||
49 | NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server | |
50 | is used by default and all existing data is removed. | |
51 | ||
52 | Please insert the installation media (e.g. USB stick, CD-ROM) and boot | |
53 | from it. | |
54 | ||
55 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] | |
56 | ||
57 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu | |
58 | will be displayed, you can now select one of the following options: | |
59 | ||
60 | Install Proxmox VE:: | |
61 | ||
62 | Start normal installation. | |
63 | ||
64 | TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the | |
65 | installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT` | |
66 | key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button. | |
67 | For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
68 | ||
69 | Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: | |
70 | ||
71 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
72 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
73 | wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
74 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
75 | general use. | |
76 | ||
77 | Rescue Boot:: | |
78 | ||
79 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
80 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, | |
81 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This | |
82 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
83 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
84 | ||
85 | Test Memory:: | |
86 | ||
87 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is | |
88 | functional and error free. | |
89 | ||
90 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] | |
91 | ||
92 | You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. | |
93 | After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The | |
94 | `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which | |
95 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, | |
96 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
97 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) | |
98 | ||
99 | You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID | |
100 | levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID | |
101 | controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and | |
102 | you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see | |
103 | <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
104 | ||
105 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] | |
106 | ||
107 | The next page just asks for basic configuration options like your | |
108 | location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to | |
109 | select a download server near you to speed up updates. The installer is | |
110 | usually able to auto detect those settings, so you only need to change | |
111 | them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to | |
112 | use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. | |
113 | ||
114 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] | |
115 | ||
116 | You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) | |
117 | password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly | |
118 | recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: | |
119 | ||
120 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
121 | ||
122 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. | |
123 | ||
124 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, | |
125 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, | |
126 | romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g., | |
127 | ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates). | |
128 | ||
129 | It is sometimes necessary to send notifications to the system | |
130 | administrator, for example: | |
131 | ||
132 | - Information about available package updates. | |
133 | ||
134 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
135 | ||
136 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] | |
137 | ||
138 | All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email | |
139 | address. | |
140 | ||
141 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can | |
142 | use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a | |
143 | dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. | |
144 | ||
145 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] | |
146 | ||
147 | If you press `Next` now, you will see an overview of your entered | |
148 | configuration. Please re-check every setting, you can still use the | |
149 | `Previous` button to go back and edit all settings here. | |
150 | ||
151 | If you press `Install` now, installation starts to format disks, and | |
152 | copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, | |
153 | then remove the installation media and restart your system. | |
154 | ||
155 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"] | |
156 | ||
157 | If the installation failed check out specific errors on the second TTY | |
158 | (`CTRL + ALT + F2'), ensure your systems mets the | |
159 | xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation | |
160 | is still not working then look at our xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter]. | |
161 | ||
162 | Further configuration can be done via the Proxmox web interface. Just | |
163 | point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
164 | (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
165 | ||
166 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password was | |
167 | defined during the installation process. | |
168 | ||
169 | ||
170 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
171 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options | |
172 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
173 | ||
174 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional | |
175 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of | |
176 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
177 | ||
178 | `hdsize`:: | |
179 | ||
180 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
181 | space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
182 | and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
183 | ||
184 | `swapsize`:: | |
185 | ||
186 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the | |
187 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
188 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
189 | + | |
190 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
191 | ||
192 | `maxroot`:: | |
193 | ||
194 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation | |
195 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
196 | ||
197 | `maxvz`:: | |
198 | ||
199 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` | |
200 | volume is: | |
201 | + | |
202 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
203 | + | |
204 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
205 | + | |
206 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` | |
207 | is bigger than 4GB. | |
208 | + | |
209 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
210 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
211 | ||
212 | `minfree`:: | |
213 | ||
214 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. | |
215 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` | |
216 | will be used. | |
217 | + | |
218 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
219 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
220 | ||
221 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] | |
222 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
223 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
224 | The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is | |
225 | created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create | |
226 | a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems | |
227 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). | |
228 | ||
229 | `ashift`:: | |
230 | ||
231 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs | |
232 | to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to | |
233 | the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk, | |
234 | which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk). | |
235 | ||
236 | `compress`:: | |
237 | ||
238 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
239 | ||
240 | `checksum`:: | |
241 | ||
242 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
243 | ||
244 | `copies`:: | |
245 | ||
246 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
247 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
248 | ||
249 | `hdsize`:: | |
250 | ||
251 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
252 | space on the HD(s) for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition). | |
253 | `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, i.e., only the first disk or | |
254 | mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
255 | ||
256 | ||
257 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
258 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
259 | ||
260 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you | |
261 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
262 | RAW disk space. | |
263 | ||
264 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
265 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
266 | installation using the following command: | |
267 | ||
268 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
269 | ||
270 | ||
271 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
272 | ||
273 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] | |
274 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
275 | ||
276 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] | |
277 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
278 | ||
279 | endif::wiki[] | |
280 | ||
281 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
282 | ||
283 | include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] | |
284 | ||
285 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
286 | ----------------------- | |
287 | ||
288 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it | |
289 | on top of a standard Debian installation. | |
290 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories], you | |
291 | need to run: | |
292 | ||
293 | [source,bash] | |
294 | ---- | |
295 | apt-get update | |
296 | apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
297 | ---- | |
298 | ||
299 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but | |
300 | it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
301 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
302 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
303 | ||
304 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
305 | ZFS. | |
306 | ||
307 | You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the | |
308 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. | |
309 | ||
310 | ||
311 | endif::wiki[] | |
312 | ||
313 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
314 | ||
315 | Video Tutorials | |
316 | --------------- | |
317 | ||
318 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
319 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel] | |
320 | ||
321 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
322 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
323 | YouTube Play List] | |
324 | ||
325 | ||
326 | See Also | |
327 | -------- | |
328 | ||
329 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] | |
330 | ||
331 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] | |
332 | ||
333 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
334 | ||
335 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
336 | ||
337 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] | |
338 | ||
339 | endif::wiki[] |