]> git.proxmox.com Git - qemu-server.git/blobdiff - PVE/API2/Qemu.pm
fix #4522: api: vncproxy: also set environment variable for ticket without websocket
[qemu-server.git] / PVE / API2 / Qemu.pm
index 1333f2338ef0224e4f83431b35645884ce6b41c6..9877ce24a9b7e2e581d894881787e29aa51657d2 100644 (file)
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use Cwd 'abs_path';
 use Net::SSLeay;
-use POSIX;
 use IO::Socket::IP;
+use IO::Socket::UNIX;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use JSON;
 use URI::Escape;
 use Crypt::OpenSSL::Random;
+use Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM);
 
+use PVE::APIClient::LWP;
+use PVE::CGroup;
 use PVE::Cluster qw (cfs_read_file cfs_write_file);;
 use PVE::RRD;
 use PVE::SafeSyslog;
@@ -18,13 +23,18 @@ use PVE::Storage;
 use PVE::JSONSchema qw(get_standard_option);
 use PVE::RESTHandler;
 use PVE::ReplicationConfig;
-use PVE::GuestHelpers;
+use PVE::GuestHelpers qw(assert_tag_permissions);
 use PVE::QemuConfig;
 use PVE::QemuServer;
-use PVE::QemuServer::Drive;
+use PVE::QemuServer::Cloudinit;
 use PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig;
+use PVE::QemuServer::Drive;
+use PVE::QemuServer::ImportDisk;
 use PVE::QemuServer::Monitor qw(mon_cmd);
 use PVE::QemuServer::Machine;
+use PVE::QemuServer::Memory qw(get_current_memory);
+use PVE::QemuServer::PCI;
+use PVE::QemuServer::USB;
 use PVE::QemuMigrate;
 use PVE::RPCEnvironment;
 use PVE::AccessControl;
@@ -37,6 +47,7 @@ use PVE::VZDump::Plugin;
 use PVE::DataCenterConfig;
 use PVE::SSHInfo;
 use PVE::Replication;
+use PVE::StorageTunnel;
 
 BEGIN {
     if (!$ENV{PVE_GENERATING_DOCS}) {
@@ -47,8 +58,6 @@ BEGIN {
     }
 }
 
-use Data::Dumper; # fixme: remove
-
 use base qw(PVE::RESTHandler);
 
 my $opt_force_description = "Force physical removal. Without this, we simple remove the disk from the config file and create an additional configuration entry called 'unused[n]', which contains the volume ID. Unlink of unused[n] always cause physical removal.";
@@ -63,11 +72,65 @@ my $resolve_cdrom_alias = sub {
     }
 };
 
+# Used in import-enabled API endpoints. Parses drives using the extended '_with_alloc' schema.
+my $foreach_volume_with_alloc = sub {
+    my ($param, $func) = @_;
+
+    for my $opt (sort keys $param->%*) {
+       next if !PVE::QemuServer::is_valid_drivename($opt);
+
+       my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::Drive::parse_drive($opt, $param->{$opt}, 1);
+       next if !$drive;
+
+       $func->($opt, $drive);
+    }
+};
+
 my $NEW_DISK_RE = qr!^(([^/:\s]+):)?(\d+(\.\d+)?)$!;
+
+my $check_drive_param = sub {
+    my ($param, $storecfg, $extra_checks) = @_;
+
+    for my $opt (sort keys $param->%*) {
+       next if !PVE::QemuServer::is_valid_drivename($opt);
+
+       my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $param->{$opt}, 1);
+       raise_param_exc({ $opt => "unable to parse drive options" }) if !$drive;
+
+       if ($drive->{'import-from'}) {
+           if ($drive->{file} !~ $NEW_DISK_RE || $3 != 0) {
+               raise_param_exc({
+                   $opt => "'import-from' requires special syntax - ".
+                       "use <storage ID>:0,import-from=<source>",
+               });
+           }
+
+           if ($opt eq 'efidisk0') {
+               for my $required (qw(efitype pre-enrolled-keys)) {
+                   if (!defined($drive->{$required})) {
+                       raise_param_exc({
+                           $opt => "need to specify '$required' when using 'import-from'",
+                       });
+                   }
+               }
+           } elsif ($opt eq 'tpmstate0') {
+               raise_param_exc({ $opt => "need to specify 'version' when using 'import-from'" })
+                   if !defined($drive->{version});
+           }
+       }
+
+       PVE::QemuServer::cleanup_drive_path($opt, $storecfg, $drive);
+
+       $extra_checks->($drive) if $extra_checks;
+
+       $param->{$opt} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($drive, 1);
+    }
+};
+
 my $check_storage_access = sub {
    my ($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $settings, $default_storage) = @_;
 
-   PVE::QemuConfig->foreach_volume($settings, sub {
+   $foreach_volume_with_alloc->($settings, sub {
        my ($ds, $drive) = @_;
 
        my $isCDROM = PVE::QemuServer::drive_is_cdrom($drive);
@@ -88,6 +151,26 @@ my $check_storage_access = sub {
                if !$scfg->{content}->{images};
        } else {
            PVE::Storage::check_volume_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $volid);
+           if ($storeid) {
+               my ($vtype) = PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $volid);
+               raise_param_exc({ $ds => "content type needs to be 'images' or 'iso'" })
+                   if $vtype ne 'images' && $vtype ne 'iso';
+           }
+       }
+
+       if (my $src_image = $drive->{'import-from'}) {
+           my $src_vmid;
+           if (PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($src_image, 1)) { # PVE-managed volume
+               (my $vtype, undef, $src_vmid) = PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $src_image);
+               raise_param_exc({ $ds => "$src_image has wrong type '$vtype' - not an image" })
+                   if $vtype ne 'images';
+           }
+
+           if ($src_vmid) { # might be actively used by VM and will be copied via clone_disk()
+               $rpcenv->check($authuser, "/vms/${src_vmid}", ['VM.Clone']);
+           } else {
+               PVE::Storage::check_volume_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $src_image);
+           }
        }
     });
 
@@ -147,6 +230,91 @@ my $check_storage_access_migrate = sub {
        if !$scfg->{content}->{images};
 };
 
+my $import_from_volid = sub {
+    my ($storecfg, $src_volid, $dest_info, $vollist) = @_;
+
+    die "could not get size of $src_volid\n"
+       if !PVE::Storage::volume_size_info($storecfg, $src_volid, 10);
+
+    die "cannot import from cloudinit disk\n"
+       if PVE::QemuServer::Drive::drive_is_cloudinit({ file => $src_volid });
+
+    my $src_vmid = (PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $src_volid))[2];
+
+    my $src_vm_state = sub {
+       my $exists = $src_vmid && PVE::Cluster::get_vmlist()->{ids}->{$src_vmid} ? 1 : 0;
+
+       my $runs = 0;
+       if ($exists) {
+           eval { PVE::QemuConfig::assert_config_exists_on_node($src_vmid); };
+           die "owner VM $src_vmid not on local node\n" if $@;
+           $runs = PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::vm_running_locally($src_vmid) || 0;
+       }
+
+       return ($exists, $runs);
+    };
+
+    my ($src_vm_exists, $running) = $src_vm_state->();
+
+    die "cannot import from '$src_volid' - full clone feature is not supported\n"
+       if !PVE::Storage::volume_has_feature($storecfg, 'copy', $src_volid, undef, $running);
+
+    my $clonefn = sub {
+       my ($src_vm_exists_now, $running_now) = $src_vm_state->();
+
+       die "owner VM $src_vmid changed state unexpectedly\n"
+           if $src_vm_exists_now != $src_vm_exists || $running_now != $running;
+
+       my $src_conf = $src_vm_exists_now ? PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($src_vmid) : {};
+
+       my $src_drive = { file => $src_volid };
+       my $src_drivename;
+       PVE::QemuConfig->foreach_volume($src_conf, sub {
+           my ($ds, $drive) = @_;
+
+           return if $src_drivename;
+
+           if ($drive->{file} eq $src_volid) {
+               $src_drive = $drive;
+               $src_drivename = $ds;
+           }
+       });
+
+       my $source_info = {
+           vmid => $src_vmid,
+           running => $running_now,
+           drivename => $src_drivename,
+           drive => $src_drive,
+           snapname => undef,
+       };
+
+       my ($src_storeid) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($src_volid);
+
+       return PVE::QemuServer::clone_disk(
+           $storecfg,
+           $source_info,
+           $dest_info,
+           1,
+           $vollist,
+           undef,
+           undef,
+           $src_conf->{agent},
+           PVE::Storage::get_bandwidth_limit('clone', [$src_storeid, $dest_info->{storage}]),
+       );
+    };
+
+    my $cloned;
+    if ($running) {
+       $cloned = PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config_full($src_vmid, 30, $clonefn);
+    } elsif ($src_vmid) {
+       $cloned = PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config_shared($src_vmid, 30, $clonefn);
+    } else {
+       $cloned = $clonefn->();
+    }
+
+    return $cloned->@{qw(file size)};
+};
+
 # Note: $pool is only needed when creating a VM, because pool permissions
 # are automatically inherited if VM already exists inside a pool.
 my $create_disks = sub {
@@ -168,6 +336,15 @@ my $create_disks = sub {
        } elsif (defined($volname) && $volname eq 'cloudinit') {
            $storeid = $storeid // $default_storage;
            die "no storage ID specified (and no default storage)\n" if !$storeid;
+
+           if (
+               my $ci_key = PVE::QemuConfig->has_cloudinit($conf, $ds)
+               || PVE::QemuConfig->has_cloudinit($conf->{pending} || {}, $ds)
+               || PVE::QemuConfig->has_cloudinit($res, $ds)
+           ) {
+               die "$ds - cloud-init drive is already attached at '$ci_key'\n";
+           }
+
            my $scfg = PVE::Storage::storage_config($storecfg, $storeid);
            my $name = "vm-$vmid-cloudinit";
 
@@ -187,33 +364,94 @@ my $create_disks = sub {
            push @$vollist, $volid;
            delete $disk->{format}; # no longer needed
            $res->{$ds} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($disk);
+           print "$ds: successfully created disk '$res->{$ds}'\n";
        } elsif ($volid =~ $NEW_DISK_RE) {
            my ($storeid, $size) = ($2 || $default_storage, $3);
            die "no storage ID specified (and no default storage)\n" if !$storeid;
-           my $defformat = PVE::Storage::storage_default_format($storecfg, $storeid);
-           my $fmt = $disk->{format} || $defformat;
-
-           $size = PVE::Tools::convert_size($size, 'gb' => 'kb'); # vdisk_alloc uses kb
-
-           my $volid;
-           if ($ds eq 'efidisk0') {
-               my $smm = PVE::QemuServer::Machine::machine_type_is_q35($conf);
-               ($volid, $size) = PVE::QemuServer::create_efidisk(
-                   $storecfg, $storeid, $vmid, $fmt, $arch, $disk, $smm);
-           } elsif ($ds eq 'tpmstate0') {
-               # swtpm can only use raw volumes, and uses a fixed size
-               $size = PVE::Tools::convert_size(PVE::QemuServer::Drive::TPMSTATE_DISK_SIZE, 'b' => 'kb');
-               $volid = PVE::Storage::vdisk_alloc($storecfg, $storeid, $vmid, "raw", undef, $size);
+
+           if (my $source = delete $disk->{'import-from'}) {
+               my $dst_volid;
+
+               if (PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($source, 1)) { # PVE-managed volume
+                   my $dest_info = {
+                       vmid => $vmid,
+                       drivename => $ds,
+                       storage => $storeid,
+                       format => $disk->{format},
+                   };
+
+                   $dest_info->{efisize} = PVE::QemuServer::get_efivars_size($conf, $disk)
+                       if $ds eq 'efidisk0';
+
+                   ($dst_volid, $size) = eval {
+                       $import_from_volid->($storecfg, $source, $dest_info, $vollist);
+                   };
+                   die "cannot import from '$source' - $@" if $@;
+               } else {
+                   $source = PVE::Storage::abs_filesystem_path($storecfg, $source, 1);
+                   $size = PVE::Storage::file_size_info($source);
+                   die "could not get file size of $source\n" if !$size;
+
+                   (undef, $dst_volid) = PVE::QemuServer::ImportDisk::do_import(
+                       $source,
+                       $vmid,
+                       $storeid,
+                       {
+                           drive_name => $ds,
+                           format => $disk->{format},
+                           'skip-config-update' => 1,
+                       },
+                   );
+                   push @$vollist, $dst_volid;
+               }
+
+               $disk->{file} = $dst_volid;
+               $disk->{size} = $size;
+               delete $disk->{format}; # no longer needed
+               $res->{$ds} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($disk);
            } else {
-               $volid = PVE::Storage::vdisk_alloc($storecfg, $storeid, $vmid, $fmt, undef, $size);
+               my $defformat = PVE::Storage::storage_default_format($storecfg, $storeid);
+               my $fmt = $disk->{format} || $defformat;
+
+               $size = PVE::Tools::convert_size($size, 'gb' => 'kb'); # vdisk_alloc uses kb
+
+               my $volid;
+               if ($ds eq 'efidisk0') {
+                   my $smm = PVE::QemuServer::Machine::machine_type_is_q35($conf);
+                   ($volid, $size) = PVE::QemuServer::create_efidisk(
+                       $storecfg, $storeid, $vmid, $fmt, $arch, $disk, $smm);
+               } elsif ($ds eq 'tpmstate0') {
+                   # swtpm can only use raw volumes, and uses a fixed size
+                   $size = PVE::Tools::convert_size(PVE::QemuServer::Drive::TPMSTATE_DISK_SIZE, 'b' => 'kb');
+                   $volid = PVE::Storage::vdisk_alloc($storecfg, $storeid, $vmid, "raw", undef, $size);
+               } else {
+                   $volid = PVE::Storage::vdisk_alloc($storecfg, $storeid, $vmid, $fmt, undef, $size);
+               }
+               push @$vollist, $volid;
+               $disk->{file} = $volid;
+               $disk->{size} = PVE::Tools::convert_size($size, 'kb' => 'b');
+               delete $disk->{format}; # no longer needed
+               $res->{$ds} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($disk);
            }
-           push @$vollist, $volid;
-           $disk->{file} = $volid;
-           $disk->{size} = PVE::Tools::convert_size($size, 'kb' => 'b');
-           delete $disk->{format}; # no longer needed
-           $res->{$ds} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($disk);
+
+           print "$ds: successfully created disk '$res->{$ds}'\n";
        } else {
            PVE::Storage::check_volume_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $volid);
+           if ($storeid) {
+               my ($vtype) = PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $volid);
+               die "cannot use volume $volid - content type needs to be 'images' or 'iso'"
+                   if $vtype ne 'images' && $vtype ne 'iso';
+
+               if (PVE::QemuServer::Drive::drive_is_cloudinit($disk)) {
+                   if (
+                       my $ci_key = PVE::QemuConfig->has_cloudinit($conf, $ds)
+                       || PVE::QemuConfig->has_cloudinit($conf->{pending} || {}, $ds)
+                       || PVE::QemuConfig->has_cloudinit($res, $ds)
+                   ) {
+                       die "$ds - cloud-init drive is already attached at '$ci_key'\n";
+                   }
+               }
+           }
 
            PVE::Storage::activate_volumes($storecfg, [ $volid ]) if $storeid;
 
@@ -225,7 +463,7 @@ my $create_disks = sub {
        }
     };
 
-    eval { PVE::QemuConfig->foreach_volume($settings, $code); };
+    eval { $foreach_volume_with_alloc->($settings, $code); };
 
     # free allocated images on error
     if (my $err = $@) {
@@ -308,7 +546,6 @@ my $generaloptions = {
     'startup' => 1,
     'tdf' => 1,
     'template' => 1,
-    'tags' => 1,
 };
 
 my $vmpoweroptions = {
@@ -326,6 +563,7 @@ my $cloudinitoptions = {
     cipassword => 1,
     citype => 1,
     ciuser => 1,
+    ciupgrade => 1,
     nameserver => 1,
     searchdomain => 1,
     sshkeys => 1,
@@ -349,19 +587,64 @@ my $check_vm_create_serial_perm = sub {
     return 1;
 };
 
-my $check_vm_create_usb_perm = sub {
+my sub check_usb_perm {
+    my ($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $opt, $value) = @_;
+
+    return 1 if $authuser eq 'root@pam';
+
+    $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.HWType']);
+
+    my $device = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('pve-qm-usb', $value);
+    if ($device->{host} && $device->{host} !~ m/^spice$/i) {
+       die "only root can set '$opt' config for real devices\n";
+    } elsif ($device->{mapping}) {
+       $rpcenv->check_full($authuser, "/mapping/usb/$device->{mapping}", ['Mapping.Use']);
+    } else {
+       die "either 'host' or 'mapping' must be set.\n";
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+my sub check_vm_create_usb_perm {
     my ($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $param) = @_;
 
     return 1 if $authuser eq 'root@pam';
 
     foreach my $opt (keys %{$param}) {
        next if $opt !~ m/^usb\d+$/;
+       check_usb_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $opt, $param->{$opt});
+    }
 
-       if ($param->{$opt} =~ m/spice/) {
-           $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.HWType']);
-       } else {
-           die "only root can set '$opt' config for real devices\n";
-       }
+    return 1;
+};
+
+my sub check_hostpci_perm {
+    my ($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $opt, $value) = @_;
+
+    return 1 if $authuser eq 'root@pam';
+
+    my $device = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('pve-qm-hostpci', $value);
+    if ($device->{host}) {
+       die "only root can set '$opt' config for non-mapped devices\n";
+    } elsif ($device->{mapping}) {
+       $rpcenv->check_full($authuser, "/mapping/pci/$device->{mapping}", ['Mapping.Use']);
+       $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.HWType']);
+    } else {
+       die "either 'host' or 'mapping' must be set.\n";
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+my sub check_vm_create_hostpci_perm {
+    my ($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $param) = @_;
+
+    return 1 if $authuser eq 'root@pam';
+
+    foreach my $opt (keys %{$param}) {
+       next if $opt !~ m/^hostpci\d+$/;
+       check_hostpci_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $opt, $param->{$opt});
     }
 
     return 1;
@@ -377,7 +660,8 @@ my $check_vm_modify_config_perm = sub {
        # else, as there the permission can be value dependend
        next if PVE::QemuServer::is_valid_drivename($opt);
        next if $opt eq 'cdrom';
-       next if $opt =~ m/^(?:unused|serial|usb)\d+$/;
+       next if $opt =~ m/^(?:unused|serial|usb|hostpci)\d+$/;
+       next if $opt eq 'tags';
 
 
        if ($cpuoptions->{$opt} || $opt =~ m/^numa\d+$/) {
@@ -396,16 +680,16 @@ my $check_vm_modify_config_perm = sub {
            $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.PowerMgmt']);
        } elsif ($diskoptions->{$opt}) {
            $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Disk']);
-       } elsif ($opt =~ m/^(?:net|ipconfig)\d+$/) {
+       } elsif ($opt =~ m/^net\d+$/) {
            $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Network']);
-       } elsif ($cloudinitoptions->{$opt}) {
+       } elsif ($cloudinitoptions->{$opt} || $opt =~ m/^ipconfig\d+$/) {
            $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Cloudinit', 'VM.Config.Network'], 1);
        } elsif ($opt eq 'vmstate') {
            # the user needs Disk and PowerMgmt privileges to change the vmstate
            # also needs privileges on the storage, that will be checked later
            $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Disk', 'VM.PowerMgmt' ]);
        } else {
-           # catches hostpci\d+, args, lock, etc.
+           # catches args, lock, etc.
            # new options will be checked here
            die "only root can set '$opt' config\n";
        }
@@ -468,20 +752,20 @@ my $parse_restore_archive = sub {
 
     my ($archive_storeid, $archive_volname) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($archive, 1);
 
+    my $res = {};
+
     if (defined($archive_storeid)) {
        my $scfg =  PVE::Storage::storage_config($storecfg, $archive_storeid);
+       $res->{volid} = $archive;
        if ($scfg->{type} eq 'pbs') {
-           return {
-               type => 'pbs',
-               volid => $archive,
-           };
+           $res->{type} = 'pbs';
+           return $res;
        }
     }
     my $path = PVE::Storage::abs_filesystem_path($storecfg, $archive);
-    return {
-       type => 'file',
-       path => $path,
-    };
+    $res->{type} = 'file';
+    $res->{path} = $path;
+    return $res;
 };
 
 
@@ -493,7 +777,8 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
     permissions => {
        description => "You need 'VM.Allocate' permissions on /vms/{vmid} or on the VM pool /pool/{pool}. " .
            "For restore (option 'archive'), it is enough if the user has 'VM.Backup' permission and the VM already exists. " .
-           "If you create disks you need 'Datastore.AllocateSpace' on any used storage.",
+           "If you create disks you need 'Datastore.AllocateSpace' on any used storage." .
+           "If you use a bridge/vlan, you need 'SDN.Use' on any used bridge/vlan.",
         user => 'all', # check inside
     },
     protected => 1,
@@ -552,7 +837,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    default => 0,
                    description => "Start VM after it was created successfully.",
                },
-           }),
+           },
+           1, # with_disk_alloc
+       ),
     },
     returns => {
        type => 'string',
@@ -582,6 +869,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                PVE::Tools::validate_ssh_public_keys($ssh_keys);
        }
 
+       $param->{cpuunits} = PVE::CGroup::clamp_cpu_shares($param->{cpuunits})
+           if defined($param->{cpuunits}); # clamp value depending on cgroup version
+
        PVE::Cluster::check_cfs_quorum();
 
        my $filename = PVE::QemuConfig->config_file($vmid);
@@ -600,12 +890,36 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            # OK
        } elsif ($archive && $force && (-f $filename) &&
                 $rpcenv->check($authuser, "/vms/$vmid", ['VM.Backup'], 1)) {
-           # OK: user has VM.Backup permissions, and want to restore an existing VM
+           # OK: user has VM.Backup permissions and wants to restore an existing VM
        } else {
            raise_perm_exc();
        }
 
-       if (!$archive) {
+       if ($archive) {
+           for my $opt (sort keys $param->%*) {
+               if (PVE::QemuServer::Drive::is_valid_drivename($opt)) {
+                   raise_param_exc({ $opt => "option conflicts with option 'archive'" });
+               }
+           }
+
+           if ($archive eq '-') {
+               die "pipe requires cli environment\n" if $rpcenv->{type} ne 'cli';
+               $archive = { type => 'pipe' };
+           } else {
+               PVE::Storage::check_volume_access(
+                   $rpcenv,
+                   $authuser,
+                   $storecfg,
+                   $vmid,
+                   $archive,
+                   'backup',
+               );
+
+               $archive = $parse_restore_archive->($storecfg, $archive);
+           }
+       }
+
+       if (scalar(keys $param->%*) > 0) {
            &$resolve_cdrom_alias($param);
 
            &$check_storage_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $param, $storage);
@@ -613,33 +927,15 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            &$check_vm_modify_config_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, [ keys %$param]);
 
            &$check_vm_create_serial_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $param);
-           &$check_vm_create_usb_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $param);
+           check_vm_create_usb_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $param);
+           check_vm_create_hostpci_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $param);
 
+           PVE::QemuServer::check_bridge_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $param);
            &$check_cpu_model_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $param);
 
-           foreach my $opt (keys %$param) {
-               if (PVE::QemuServer::is_valid_drivename($opt)) {
-                   my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $param->{$opt});
-                   raise_param_exc({ $opt => "unable to parse drive options" }) if !$drive;
-
-                   PVE::QemuServer::cleanup_drive_path($opt, $storecfg, $drive);
-                   $param->{$opt} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($drive);
-               }
-           }
+           $check_drive_param->($param, $storecfg);
 
            PVE::QemuServer::add_random_macs($param);
-       } else {
-           my $keystr = join(' ', keys %$param);
-           raise_param_exc({ archive => "option conflicts with other options ($keystr)"}) if $keystr;
-
-           if ($archive eq '-') {
-               die "pipe requires cli environment\n" if $rpcenv->{type} ne 'cli';
-               $archive = { type => 'pipe' };
-           } else {
-               PVE::Storage::check_volume_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $archive);
-
-               $archive = $parse_restore_archive->($storecfg, $archive);
-           }
        }
 
        my $emsg = $is_restore ? "unable to restore VM $vmid -" : "unable to create VM $vmid -";
@@ -662,7 +958,21 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    unique => $unique,
                    bwlimit => $bwlimit,
                    live => $live_restore,
+                   override_conf => $param,
                };
+               if (my $volid = $archive->{volid}) {
+                   # best effort, real check is after restoring!
+                   my $merged = eval {
+                       my $old_conf = PVE::Storage::extract_vzdump_config($storecfg, $volid);
+                       PVE::QemuServer::restore_merge_config("backup/qemu-server/$vmid.conf", $old_conf, $param);
+                   };
+                   if ($@) {
+                       warn "Could not extract backed up config: $@\n";
+                       warn "Skipping early checks!\n";
+                   } else {
+                       PVE::QemuServer::check_restore_permissions($rpcenv, $authuser, $merged);
+                   }
+               }
                if ($archive->{type} eq 'file' || $archive->{type} eq 'pipe') {
                    die "live-restore is only compatible with backup images from a Proxmox Backup Server\n"
                        if $live_restore;
@@ -737,7 +1047,7 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    my $machine = $conf->{machine};
                    if (!$machine || $machine =~ m/^(?:pc|q35|virt)$/) {
                        # always pin Windows' machine version on create, they get to easily confused
-                       if (PVE::QemuServer::windows_version($conf->{ostype})) {
+                       if (PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::windows_version($conf->{ostype})) {
                            $conf->{machine} = PVE::QemuServer::windows_get_pinned_machine_version($machine);
                        }
                    }
@@ -834,6 +1144,7 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
        my $res = [
            { subdir => 'config' },
+           { subdir => 'cloudinit' },
            { subdir => 'pending' },
            { subdir => 'status' },
            { subdir => 'unlink' },
@@ -850,7 +1161,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            { subdir => 'spiceproxy' },
            { subdir => 'sendkey' },
            { subdir => 'firewall' },
-           ];
+           { subdir => 'mtunnel' },
+           { subdir => 'remote_migrate' },
+       ];
 
        return $res;
     }});
@@ -1071,6 +1384,133 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
        return PVE::GuestHelpers::config_with_pending_array($conf, $pending_delete_hash);
    }});
 
+__PACKAGE__->register_method({
+    name => 'cloudinit_pending',
+    path => '{vmid}/cloudinit',
+    method => 'GET',
+    proxyto => 'node',
+    description => "Get the cloudinit configuration with both current and pending values.",
+    permissions => {
+       check => ['perm', '/vms/{vmid}', [ 'VM.Audit' ]],
+    },
+    parameters => {
+       additionalProperties => 0,
+       properties => {
+           node => get_standard_option('pve-node'),
+           vmid => get_standard_option('pve-vmid', { completion => \&PVE::QemuServer::complete_vmid }),
+       },
+    },
+    returns => {
+       type => "array",
+       items => {
+           type => "object",
+           properties => {
+               key => {
+                   description => "Configuration option name.",
+                   type => 'string',
+               },
+               value => {
+                   description => "Value as it was used to generate the current cloudinit image.",
+                   type => 'string',
+                   optional => 1,
+               },
+               pending => {
+                   description => "The new pending value.",
+                   type => 'string',
+                   optional => 1,
+               },
+               delete => {
+                   description => "Indicates a pending delete request if present and not 0. ",
+                   type => 'integer',
+                   minimum => 0,
+                   maximum => 1,
+                   optional => 1,
+               },
+           },
+       },
+    },
+    code => sub {
+       my ($param) = @_;
+
+       my $vmid = $param->{vmid};
+       my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
+
+       my $ci = $conf->{cloudinit};
+
+       $conf->{cipassword} = '**********' if exists $conf->{cipassword};
+       $ci->{cipassword} = '**********' if exists $ci->{cipassword};
+
+       my $res = [];
+
+       # All the values that got added
+       my $added = delete($ci->{added}) // '';
+       for my $key (PVE::Tools::split_list($added)) {
+           push @$res, { key => $key, pending => $conf->{$key} };
+       }
+
+       # All already existing values (+ their new value, if it exists)
+       for my $opt (keys %$cloudinitoptions) {
+           next if !$conf->{$opt};
+           next if $added =~ m/$opt/;
+           my $item = {
+               key => $opt,
+           };
+
+           if (my $pending = $ci->{$opt}) {
+               $item->{value} = $pending;
+               $item->{pending} = $conf->{$opt};
+           } else {
+               $item->{value} = $conf->{$opt},
+           }
+
+           push @$res, $item;
+       }
+
+       # Now, we'll find the deleted ones
+       for my $opt (keys %$ci) {
+           next if $conf->{$opt};
+           push @$res, { key => $opt, delete => 1 };
+       }
+
+       return $res;
+   }});
+
+__PACKAGE__->register_method({
+    name => 'cloudinit_update',
+    path => '{vmid}/cloudinit',
+    method => 'PUT',
+    protected => 1,
+    proxyto => 'node',
+    description => "Regenerate and change cloudinit config drive.",
+    permissions => {
+       check => ['perm', '/vms/{vmid}', ['VM.Config.Cloudinit']],
+    },
+    parameters => {
+       additionalProperties => 0,
+       properties => {
+           node => get_standard_option('pve-node'),
+           vmid => get_standard_option('pve-vmid'),
+       },
+    },
+    returns => { type => 'null' },
+    code => sub {
+       my ($param) = @_;
+
+       my $rpcenv = PVE::RPCEnvironment::get();
+       my $authuser = $rpcenv->get_user();
+
+       my $vmid = extract_param($param, 'vmid');
+
+       PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config($vmid, sub {
+           my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
+           PVE::QemuConfig->check_lock($conf);
+
+           my $storecfg = PVE::Storage::config();
+           PVE::QemuServer::vmconfig_update_cloudinit_drive($storecfg, $conf, $vmid);
+       });
+       return;
+    }});
+
 # POST/PUT {vmid}/config implementation
 #
 # The original API used PUT (idempotent) an we assumed that all operations
@@ -1098,6 +1538,8 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
 
     my $background_delay = extract_param($param, 'background_delay');
 
+    my $skip_cloud_init = extract_param($param, 'skip_cloud_init');
+
     if (defined(my $cipassword = $param->{cipassword})) {
        # Same logic as in cloud-init (but with the regex fixed...)
        $param->{cipassword} = PVE::Tools::encrypt_pw($cipassword)
@@ -1125,12 +1567,13 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
        PVE::Tools::validate_ssh_public_keys($ssh_keys);
     }
 
+    $param->{cpuunits} = PVE::CGroup::clamp_cpu_shares($param->{cpuunits})
+       if defined($param->{cpuunits}); # clamp value depending on cgroup version
+
     die "no options specified\n" if !$delete_str && !$revert_str && !scalar(keys %$param);
 
     my $storecfg = PVE::Storage::config();
 
-    my $defaults = PVE::QemuServer::load_defaults();
-
     &$resolve_cdrom_alias($param);
 
     # now try to verify all parameters
@@ -1195,15 +1638,10 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
        die "cannot add non-replicatable volume to a replicated VM\n";
     };
 
+    $check_drive_param->($param, $storecfg, $check_replication);
+
     foreach my $opt (keys %$param) {
-       if (PVE::QemuServer::is_valid_drivename($opt)) {
-           # cleanup drive path
-           my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $param->{$opt});
-           raise_param_exc({ $opt => "unable to parse drive options" }) if !$drive;
-           PVE::QemuServer::cleanup_drive_path($opt, $storecfg, $drive);
-           $check_replication->($drive);
-           $param->{$opt} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($drive);
-       } elsif ($opt =~ m/^net(\d+)$/) {
+       if ($opt =~ m/^net(\d+)$/) {
            # add macaddr
            my $net = PVE::QemuServer::parse_net($param->{$opt});
            $param->{$opt} = PVE::QemuServer::print_net($net);
@@ -1223,6 +1661,8 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
 
     &$check_storage_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $vmid, $param);
 
+    PVE::QemuServer::check_bridge_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $param);
+
     my $updatefn =  sub {
 
        my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
@@ -1253,7 +1693,9 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
        }
 
        if ($param->{memory} || defined($param->{balloon})) {
-           my $maxmem = $param->{memory} || $conf->{pending}->{memory} || $conf->{memory} || $defaults->{memory};
+
+           my $memory = $param->{memory} || $conf->{pending}->{memory} || $conf->{memory};
+           my $maxmem = get_current_memory($memory);
            my $balloon = defined($param->{balloon}) ? $param->{balloon} : $conf->{pending}->{balloon} || $conf->{balloon};
 
            die "balloon value too large (must be smaller than assigned memory)\n"
@@ -1279,12 +1721,14 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
 
            my $check_drive_perms = sub {
                my ($opt, $val) = @_;
-               my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $val);
-               # FIXME: cloudinit: CDROM or Disk?
-               if (PVE::QemuServer::drive_is_cdrom($drive)) { # CDROM
+               my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $val, 1);
+               if (PVE::QemuServer::drive_is_cloudinit($drive)) {
+                   $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, undef, ['VM.Config.Cloudinit', 'VM.Config.CDROM']);
+               } elsif (PVE::QemuServer::drive_is_cdrom($drive, 1)) { # CDROM
                    $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, undef, ['VM.Config.CDROM']);
                } else {
                    $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, undef, ['VM.Config.Disk']);
+
                }
            };
 
@@ -1339,10 +1783,24 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
                    PVE::QemuConfig->add_to_pending_delete($conf, $opt, $force);
                    PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
                } elsif ($opt =~ m/^usb\d+$/) {
-                   if ($val =~ m/spice/) {
-                       $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, undef, ['VM.Config.HWType']);
-                   } elsif ($authuser ne 'root@pam') {
-                       die "only root can delete '$opt' config for real devices\n";
+                   check_usb_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, undef, $opt, $val);
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->add_to_pending_delete($conf, $opt, $force);
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
+               } elsif ($opt =~ m/^hostpci\d+$/) {
+                   check_hostpci_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, undef, $opt, $val);
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->add_to_pending_delete($conf, $opt, $force);
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
+               } elsif ($opt eq 'tags') {
+                   assert_tag_permissions($vmid, $val, '', $rpcenv, $authuser);
+                   delete $conf->{$opt};
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
+               } elsif ($opt =~ m/^net\d+$/) {
+                   if ($conf->{$opt}) {
+                       PVE::QemuServer::check_bridge_access(
+                           $rpcenv,
+                           $authuser,
+                           { $opt => $conf->{$opt} },
+                       );
                    }
                    PVE::QemuConfig->add_to_pending_delete($conf, $opt, $force);
                    PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
@@ -1385,7 +1843,7 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
                    # default legacy boot order implies all cdroms anyway
                    if (@bootorder) {
                        # append new CD drives to bootorder to mark them bootable
-                       my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $param->{$opt});
+                       my $drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($opt, $param->{$opt}, 1);
                        if (PVE::QemuServer::drive_is_cdrom($drive, 1) && !grep(/^$opt$/, @bootorder)) {
                            push @bootorder, $opt;
                            $conf->{pending}->{boot} = PVE::QemuServer::print_bootorder(\@bootorder);
@@ -1400,10 +1858,27 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
                    }
                    $conf->{pending}->{$opt} = $param->{$opt};
                } elsif ($opt =~ m/^usb\d+/) {
-                   if ((!defined($conf->{$opt}) || $conf->{$opt} =~ m/spice/) && $param->{$opt} =~ m/spice/) {
-                       $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, undef, ['VM.Config.HWType']);
-                   } elsif ($authuser ne 'root@pam') {
-                       die "only root can modify '$opt' config for real devices\n";
+                   if (my $olddevice = $conf->{$opt}) {
+                       check_usb_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, undef, $opt, $conf->{$opt});
+                   }
+                   check_usb_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, undef, $opt, $param->{$opt});
+                   $conf->{pending}->{$opt} = $param->{$opt};
+               } elsif ($opt =~ m/^hostpci\d+$/) {
+                   if (my $oldvalue = $conf->{$opt}) {
+                       check_hostpci_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, undef, $opt, $oldvalue);
+                   }
+                   check_hostpci_perm($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, undef, $opt, $param->{$opt});
+                   $conf->{pending}->{$opt} = $param->{$opt};
+               } elsif ($opt eq 'tags') {
+                   assert_tag_permissions($vmid, $conf->{$opt}, $param->{$opt}, $rpcenv, $authuser);
+                   $conf->{pending}->{$opt} = PVE::GuestHelpers::get_unique_tags($param->{$opt});
+               } elsif ($opt =~ m/^net\d+$/) {
+                   if ($conf->{$opt}) {
+                       PVE::QemuServer::check_bridge_access(
+                           $rpcenv,
+                           $authuser,
+                           { $opt => $conf->{$opt} },
+                       );
                    }
                    $conf->{pending}->{$opt} = $param->{$opt};
                } else {
@@ -1448,7 +1923,8 @@ my $update_vm_api  = sub {
            if ($running) {
                PVE::QemuServer::vmconfig_hotplug_pending($vmid, $conf, $storecfg, $modified, $errors);
            } else {
-               PVE::QemuServer::vmconfig_apply_pending($vmid, $conf, $storecfg, $errors);
+               # cloud_init must be skipped if we are in an incoming, remote live migration
+               PVE::QemuServer::vmconfig_apply_pending($vmid, $conf, $storecfg, $errors, $skip_cloud_init);
            }
            raise_param_exc($errors) if scalar(keys %$errors);
 
@@ -1548,7 +2024,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    maximum => 30,
                    optional => 1,
                },
-           }),
+           },
+           1, # with_disk_alloc
+       ),
     },
     returns => {
        type => 'string',
@@ -1596,7 +2074,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    maxLength => 40,
                    optional => 1,
                },
-           }),
+           },
+           1, # with_disk_alloc
+       ),
     },
     returns => { type => 'null' },
     code => sub {
@@ -1787,7 +2267,8 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            websocket => {
                optional => 1,
                type => 'boolean',
-               description => "starts websockify instead of vncproxy",
+               description => "Prepare for websocket upgrade (only required when using "
+                   ."serial terminal, otherwise upgrade is always possible).",
            },
            'generate-password' => {
                optional => 1,
@@ -1885,7 +2366,7 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
            } else {
 
-               $ENV{LC_PVE_TICKET} = $password if $websocket; # set ticket with "qm vncproxy"
+               $ENV{LC_PVE_TICKET} = $password; # set ticket with "qm vncproxy"
 
                $cmd = [@$remcmd, "/usr/sbin/qm", 'vncproxy', $vmid];
 
@@ -2202,12 +2683,12 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                type => 'object',
            },
            spice => {
-               description => "Qemu VGA configuration supports spice.",
+               description => "QEMU VGA configuration supports spice.",
                type => 'boolean',
                optional => 1,
            },
            agent => {
-               description => "Qemu GuestAgent enabled in config.",
+               description => "QEMU Guest Agent is enabled in config.",
                type => 'boolean',
                optional => 1,
            },
@@ -2224,7 +2705,12 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
        $status->{ha} = PVE::HA::Config::get_service_status("vm:$param->{vmid}");
 
-       $status->{spice} = 1 if PVE::QemuServer::vga_conf_has_spice($conf->{vga});
+       if ($conf->{vga}) {
+           my $vga = PVE::QemuServer::parse_vga($conf->{vga});
+           my $spice = defined($vga->{type}) && $vga->{type} =~ /^virtio/;
+           $spice ||= PVE::QemuServer::vga_conf_has_spice($conf->{vga});
+           $status->{spice} = 1 if $spice;
+       }
        $status->{agent} = 1 if PVE::QemuServer::get_qga_key($conf, 'enabled');
 
        return $status;
@@ -2321,7 +2807,7 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
        my $spice_ticket;
        my $nbd_protocol_version = 0;
        my $replicated_volumes = {};
-       my $tpmstate_vol;
+       my $offline_volumes = {};
        if ($stateuri && ($stateuri eq 'tcp' || $stateuri eq 'unix') && $migratedfrom && ($rpcenv->{type} eq 'cli')) {
            while (defined(my $line = <STDIN>)) {
                chomp $line;
@@ -2331,8 +2817,10 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    $nbd_protocol_version = $1;
                } elsif ($line =~ m/^replicated_volume: (.*)$/) {
                    $replicated_volumes->{$1} = 1;
-               } elsif ($line =~ m/^tpmstate0: (.*)$/) {
-                   $tpmstate_vol = $1;
+               } elsif ($line =~ m/^tpmstate0: (.*)$/) { # Deprecated, use offline_volume instead
+                   $offline_volumes->{tpmstate0} = $1;
+               } elsif ($line =~ m/^offline_volume: ([^:]+): (.*)$/) {
+                   $offline_volumes->{$1} = $2;
                } elsif (!$spice_ticket) {
                    # fallback for old source node
                    $spice_ticket = $line;
@@ -2374,7 +2862,7 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    storagemap => $storagemap,
                    nbd_proto_version => $nbd_protocol_version,
                    replicated_volumes => $replicated_volumes,
-                   tpmstate_vol => $tpmstate_vol,
+                   offline_volumes => $offline_volumes,
                };
 
                my $params = {
@@ -2594,12 +3082,8 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
        my $shutdown = 1;
 
-       # if vm is paused, do not shutdown (but stop if forceStop = 1)
-       # otherwise, we will infer a shutdown command, but run into the timeout,
-       # then when the vm is resumed, it will instantly shutdown
-       #
-       # checking the qmp status here to get feedback to the gui/cli/api
-       # and the status query should not take too long
+       # sending a graceful shutdown command to paused VMs runs into timeouts, and even worse, when
+       # the VM gets resumed later, it still gets the request delivered and powers off
        if (PVE::QemuServer::vm_is_paused($vmid)) {
            if ($param->{forceStop}) {
                warn "VM is paused - stop instead of shutdown\n";
@@ -2753,10 +3237,17 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
        # early check for storage permission, for better user feedback
        if ($todisk) {
            $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, undef, ['VM.Config.Disk']);
+           my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
+
+           # cannot save the state of a non-virtualized PCIe device, so resume cannot really work
+           for my $key (keys %$conf) {
+               next if $key !~ /^hostpci\d+/;
+               die "cannot suspend VM to disk due to passed-through PCI device(s), which lack the"
+                   ." possibility to save/restore their internal state\n";
+           }
 
            if (!$statestorage) {
                # get statestorage from config if none is given
-               my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
                my $storecfg = PVE::Storage::config();
                $statestorage = PVE::QemuServer::find_vmstate_storage($conf, $storecfg);
            }
@@ -2817,6 +3308,8 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
        raise_param_exc({ skiplock => "Only root may use this option." })
            if $skiplock && $authuser ne 'root@pam';
 
+       # nocheck is used as part of migration when config file might be still
+       # be on source node
        my $nocheck = extract_param($param, 'nocheck');
        raise_param_exc({ nocheck => "Only root may use this option." })
            if $nocheck && $authuser ne 'root@pam';
@@ -2970,7 +3463,7 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
     permissions => {
        description => "You need 'VM.Clone' permissions on /vms/{vmid}, and 'VM.Allocate' permissions " .
            "on /vms/{newid} (or on the VM pool /pool/{pool}). You also need " .
-           "'Datastore.AllocateSpace' on any used storage.",
+           "'Datastore.AllocateSpace' on any used storage and 'SDN.Use' on any used bridge/vnet",
        check =>
        [ 'and',
          ['perm', '/vms/{vmid}', [ 'VM.Clone' ]],
@@ -3103,6 +3596,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            my $oldconf = $snapname ? $conf->{snapshots}->{$snapname} : $conf;
 
            my $sharedvm = &$check_storage_access_clone($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $oldconf, $storage);
+           PVE::QemuServer::check_mapping_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $oldconf);
+
+           PVE::QemuServer::check_bridge_access($rpcenv, $authuser, $oldconf);
 
            die "can't clone VM to node '$target' (VM uses local storage)\n"
                if $target && !$sharedvm;
@@ -3126,6 +3622,9 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                # no need to copy unused images, because VMID(owner) changes anyways
                next if $opt =~ m/^unused\d+$/;
 
+               die "cannot clone TPM state while VM is running\n"
+                   if $full && $running && !$snapname && $opt eq 'tpmstate0';
+
                # always change MAC! address
                if ($opt =~ m/^net(\d+)$/) {
                    my $net = PVE::QemuServer::parse_net($value);
@@ -3217,23 +3716,34 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    push @$storage_list, $storage if defined($storage);
                    my $clonelimit = PVE::Storage::get_bandwidth_limit('clone', $storage_list, $bwlimit);
 
+                   my $source_info = {
+                       vmid => $vmid,
+                       running => $running,
+                       drivename => $opt,
+                       drive => $drive,
+                       snapname => $snapname,
+                   };
+
+                   my $dest_info = {
+                       vmid => $newid,
+                       drivename => $opt,
+                       storage => $storage,
+                       format => $format,
+                   };
+
+                   $dest_info->{efisize} = PVE::QemuServer::get_efivars_size($oldconf)
+                       if $opt eq 'efidisk0';
+
                    my $newdrive = PVE::QemuServer::clone_disk(
                        $storecfg,
-                       $vmid,
-                       $running,
-                       $opt,
-                       $drive,
-                       $snapname,
-                       $newid,
-                       $storage,
-                       $format,
+                       $source_info,
+                       $dest_info,
                        $fullclone->{$opt},
                        $newvollist,
                        $jobs,
                        $completion,
                        $oldconf->{agent},
                        $clonelimit,
-                       $oldconf
                    );
 
                    $newconf->{$opt} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($newdrive);
@@ -3468,23 +3978,34 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
                    $bwlimit
                );
 
+               my $source_info = {
+                   vmid => $vmid,
+                   running => $running,
+                   drivename => $disk,
+                   drive => $drive,
+                   snapname => undef,
+               };
+
+               my $dest_info = {
+                   vmid => $vmid,
+                   drivename => $disk,
+                   storage => $storeid,
+                   format => $format,
+               };
+
+               $dest_info->{efisize} = PVE::QemuServer::get_efivars_size($conf)
+                   if $disk eq 'efidisk0';
+
                my $newdrive = PVE::QemuServer::clone_disk(
                    $storecfg,
-                   $vmid,
-                   $running,
-                   $disk,
-                   $drive,
-                   undef,
-                   $vmid,
-                   $storeid,
-                   $format,
+                   $source_info,
+                   $dest_info,
                    1,
                    $newvollist,
                    undef,
                    undef,
                    undef,
                    $movelimit,
-                   $conf,
                );
                $conf->{$disk} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($newdrive);
 
@@ -3631,6 +4152,13 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
                    $drive->{file} = $new_volid;
 
+                   my $boot_order = PVE::QemuServer::device_bootorder($source_conf);
+                   if (defined(delete $boot_order->{$disk})) {
+                       print "removing disk '$disk' from boot order config\n";
+                       my $boot_devs = [ sort { $boot_order->{$a} <=> $boot_order->{$b} } keys %$boot_order ];
+                       $source_conf->{boot} = PVE::QemuServer::print_bootorder($boot_devs);
+                   }
+
                    delete $source_conf->{$disk};
                    print "removing disk '${disk}' from VM '${vmid}' config\n";
                    PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $source_conf);
@@ -3790,7 +4318,11 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            local_resources => {
                type => 'array',
                description => "List local resources e.g. pci, usb"
-           }
+           },
+           'mapped-resources' => {
+               type => 'array',
+               description => "List of mapped resources e.g. pci, usb"
+           },
        },
     },
     code => sub {
@@ -3819,7 +4351,11 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
        $res->{running} = PVE::QemuServer::check_running($vmid) ? 1:0;
 
-       # if vm is not running, return target nodes where local storage is available
+       my ($local_resources, $mapped_resources, $missing_mappings_by_node) =
+           PVE::QemuServer::check_local_resources($vmconf, 1);
+       delete $missing_mappings_by_node->{$localnode};
+
+       # if vm is not running, return target nodes where local storage/mapped devices are available
        # for offline migration
        if (!$res->{running}) {
            $res->{allowed_nodes} = [];
@@ -3827,7 +4363,13 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            delete $checked_nodes->{$localnode};
 
            foreach my $node (keys %$checked_nodes) {
-               if (!defined $checked_nodes->{$node}->{unavailable_storages}) {
+               my $missing_mappings = $missing_mappings_by_node->{$node};
+               if (scalar($missing_mappings->@*)) {
+                   $checked_nodes->{$node}->{'unavailable-resources'} = $missing_mappings;
+                   next;
+               }
+
+               if (!defined($checked_nodes->{$node}->{unavailable_storages})) {
                    push @{$res->{allowed_nodes}}, $node;
                }
 
@@ -3835,13 +4377,11 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            $res->{not_allowed_nodes} = $checked_nodes;
        }
 
-
        my $local_disks = &$check_vm_disks_local($storecfg, $vmconf, $vmid);
        $res->{local_disks} = [ values %$local_disks ];;
 
-       my $local_resources =  PVE::QemuServer::check_local_resources($vmconf, 1);
-
        $res->{local_resources} = $local_resources;
+       $res->{'mapped-resources'} = $mapped_resources;
 
        return $res;
 
@@ -4013,13 +4553,178 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
     }});
 
+__PACKAGE__->register_method({
+    name => 'remote_migrate_vm',
+    path => '{vmid}/remote_migrate',
+    method => 'POST',
+    protected => 1,
+    proxyto => 'node',
+    description => "Migrate virtual machine to a remote cluster. Creates a new migration task. EXPERIMENTAL feature!",
+    permissions => {
+       check => ['perm', '/vms/{vmid}', [ 'VM.Migrate' ]],
+    },
+    parameters => {
+       additionalProperties => 0,
+       properties => {
+           node => get_standard_option('pve-node'),
+           vmid => get_standard_option('pve-vmid', { completion => \&PVE::QemuServer::complete_vmid }),
+           'target-vmid' => get_standard_option('pve-vmid', { optional => 1 }),
+           'target-endpoint' => get_standard_option('proxmox-remote', {
+               description => "Remote target endpoint",
+           }),
+           online => {
+               type => 'boolean',
+               description => "Use online/live migration if VM is running. Ignored if VM is stopped.",
+               optional => 1,
+           },
+           delete => {
+               type => 'boolean',
+               description => "Delete the original VM and related data after successful migration. By default the original VM is kept on the source cluster in a stopped state.",
+               optional => 1,
+               default => 0,
+           },
+           'target-storage' => get_standard_option('pve-targetstorage', {
+               completion => \&PVE::QemuServer::complete_migration_storage,
+               optional => 0,
+           }),
+           'target-bridge' => {
+               type => 'string',
+               description => "Mapping from source to target bridges. Providing only a single bridge ID maps all source bridges to that bridge. Providing the special value '1' will map each source bridge to itself.",
+               format => 'bridge-pair-list',
+           },
+           bwlimit => {
+               description => "Override I/O bandwidth limit (in KiB/s).",
+               optional => 1,
+               type => 'integer',
+               minimum => '0',
+               default => 'migrate limit from datacenter or storage config',
+           },
+       },
+    },
+    returns => {
+       type => 'string',
+       description => "the task ID.",
+    },
+    code => sub {
+       my ($param) = @_;
+
+       my $rpcenv = PVE::RPCEnvironment::get();
+       my $authuser = $rpcenv->get_user();
+
+       my $source_vmid = extract_param($param, 'vmid');
+       my $target_endpoint = extract_param($param, 'target-endpoint');
+       my $target_vmid = extract_param($param, 'target-vmid') // $source_vmid;
+
+       my $delete = extract_param($param, 'delete') // 0;
+
+       PVE::Cluster::check_cfs_quorum();
+
+       # test if VM exists
+       my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($source_vmid);
+
+       PVE::QemuConfig->check_lock($conf);
+
+       raise_param_exc({ vmid => "cannot migrate HA-managed VM to remote cluster" })
+           if PVE::HA::Config::vm_is_ha_managed($source_vmid);
+
+       my $remote = PVE::JSONSchema::parse_property_string('proxmox-remote', $target_endpoint);
+
+       # TODO: move this as helper somewhere appropriate?
+       my $conn_args = {
+           protocol => 'https',
+           host => $remote->{host},
+           port => $remote->{port} // 8006,
+           apitoken => $remote->{apitoken},
+       };
+
+       my $fp;
+       if ($fp = $remote->{fingerprint}) {
+           $conn_args->{cached_fingerprints} = { uc($fp) => 1 };
+       }
+
+       print "Establishing API connection with remote at '$remote->{host}'\n";
+
+       my $api_client = PVE::APIClient::LWP->new(%$conn_args);
+
+       if (!defined($fp)) {
+           my $cert_info = $api_client->get("/nodes/localhost/certificates/info");
+           foreach my $cert (@$cert_info) {
+               my $filename = $cert->{filename};
+               next if $filename ne 'pveproxy-ssl.pem' && $filename ne 'pve-ssl.pem';
+               $fp = $cert->{fingerprint} if !$fp || $filename eq 'pveproxy-ssl.pem';
+           }
+           $conn_args->{cached_fingerprints} = { uc($fp) => 1 }
+               if defined($fp);
+       }
+
+       my $repl_conf = PVE::ReplicationConfig->new();
+       my $is_replicated = $repl_conf->check_for_existing_jobs($source_vmid, 1);
+       die "cannot remote-migrate replicated VM\n" if $is_replicated;
+
+       if (PVE::QemuServer::check_running($source_vmid)) {
+           die "can't migrate running VM without --online\n" if !$param->{online};
+
+       } else {
+           warn "VM isn't running. Doing offline migration instead.\n" if $param->{online};
+           $param->{online} = 0;
+       }
+
+       my $storecfg = PVE::Storage::config();
+       my $target_storage = extract_param($param, 'target-storage');
+       my $storagemap = eval { PVE::JSONSchema::parse_idmap($target_storage, 'pve-storage-id') };
+       raise_param_exc({ 'target-storage' => "failed to parse storage map: $@" })
+           if $@;
+
+       my $target_bridge = extract_param($param, 'target-bridge');
+       my $bridgemap = eval { PVE::JSONSchema::parse_idmap($target_bridge, 'pve-bridge-id') };
+       raise_param_exc({ 'target-bridge' => "failed to parse bridge map: $@" })
+           if $@;
+
+       die "remote migration requires explicit storage mapping!\n"
+           if $storagemap->{identity};
+
+       $param->{storagemap} = $storagemap;
+       $param->{bridgemap} = $bridgemap;
+       $param->{remote} = {
+           conn => $conn_args, # re-use fingerprint for tunnel
+           client => $api_client,
+           vmid => $target_vmid,
+       };
+       $param->{migration_type} = 'websocket';
+       $param->{'with-local-disks'} = 1;
+       $param->{delete} = $delete if $delete;
+
+       my $cluster_status = $api_client->get("/cluster/status");
+       my $target_node;
+       foreach my $entry (@$cluster_status) {
+           next if $entry->{type} ne 'node';
+           if ($entry->{local}) {
+               $target_node = $entry->{name};
+               last;
+           }
+       }
+
+       die "couldn't determine endpoint's node name\n"
+           if !defined($target_node);
+
+       my $realcmd = sub {
+           PVE::QemuMigrate->migrate($target_node, $remote->{host}, $source_vmid, $param);
+       };
+
+       my $worker = sub {
+           return PVE::GuestHelpers::guest_migration_lock($source_vmid, 10, $realcmd);
+       };
+
+       return $rpcenv->fork_worker('qmigrate', $source_vmid, $authuser, $worker);
+    }});
+
 __PACKAGE__->register_method({
     name => 'monitor',
     path => '{vmid}/monitor',
     method => 'POST',
     protected => 1,
     proxyto => 'node',
-    description => "Execute Qemu monitor commands.",
+    description => "Execute QEMU monitor commands.",
     permissions => {
        description => "Sys.Modify is required for (sub)commands which are not read-only ('info *' and 'help')",
         check => ['perm', '/vms/{vmid}', [ 'VM.Monitor' ]],
@@ -4098,7 +4803,10 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            },
        },
     },
-    returns => { type => 'null'},
+    returns => {
+       type => 'string',
+       description => "the task ID.",
+    },
     code => sub {
         my ($param) = @_;
 
@@ -4137,9 +4845,6 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            my (undef, undef, undef, undef, undef, undef, $format) =
                PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $drive->{file});
 
-           die "can't resize volume: $disk if snapshot exists\n"
-               if %{$conf->{snapshots}} && $format eq 'qcow2';
-
            my $volid = $drive->{file};
 
            die "disk '$disk' has no associated volume\n" if !$volid;
@@ -4185,8 +4890,11 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
        };
 
-        PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config($vmid, $updatefn);
-        return;
+       my $worker = sub {
+           PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config($vmid, $updatefn);
+       };
+
+       return $rpcenv->fork_worker('resize', $vmid, $authuser, $worker);
     }});
 
 __PACKAGE__->register_method({
@@ -4482,6 +5190,13 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
            node => get_standard_option('pve-node'),
            vmid => get_standard_option('pve-vmid', { completion => \&PVE::QemuServer::complete_vmid }),
            snapname => get_standard_option('pve-snapshot-name'),
+           start => {
+               type => 'boolean',
+               description => "Whether the VM should get started after rolling back successfully."
+                   . " (Note: VMs will be automatically started if the snapshot includes RAM.)",
+               optional => 1,
+               default => 0,
+           },
        },
     },
     returns => {
@@ -4504,6 +5219,10 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
        my $realcmd = sub {
            PVE::Cluster::log_msg('info', $authuser, "rollback snapshot VM $vmid: $snapname");
            PVE::QemuConfig->snapshot_rollback($vmid, $snapname);
+
+           if ($param->{start} && !PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::vm_running_locally($vmid)) {
+               PVE::API2::Qemu->vm_start({ vmid => $vmid, node => $node });
+           }
        };
 
        my $worker = sub {
@@ -4554,11 +5273,25 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
 
        my $snapname = extract_param($param, 'snapname');
 
-       my $realcmd = sub {
+       my $lock_obtained;
+       my $do_delete = sub {
+           $lock_obtained = 1;
            PVE::Cluster::log_msg('info', $authuser, "delete snapshot VM $vmid: $snapname");
            PVE::QemuConfig->snapshot_delete($vmid, $snapname, $param->{force});
        };
 
+       my $realcmd = sub {
+           if ($param->{force}) {
+               $do_delete->();
+           } else {
+               eval { PVE::GuestHelpers::guest_migration_lock($vmid, 10, $do_delete); };
+               if (my $err = $@) {
+                   die $err if $lock_obtained;
+                   die "Failed to obtain guest migration lock - replication running?\n";
+               }
+           }
+       };
+
        return $rpcenv->fork_worker('qmdelsnapshot', $vmid, $authuser, $realcmd);
     }});
 
@@ -4669,4 +5402,537 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method({
        return PVE::QemuServer::Cloudinit::dump_cloudinit_config($conf, $param->{vmid}, $param->{type});
     }});
 
+__PACKAGE__->register_method({
+    name => 'mtunnel',
+    path => '{vmid}/mtunnel',
+    method => 'POST',
+    protected => 1,
+    description => 'Migration tunnel endpoint - only for internal use by VM migration.',
+    permissions => {
+       check =>
+       [ 'and',
+         ['perm', '/vms/{vmid}', [ 'VM.Allocate' ]],
+         ['perm', '/', [ 'Sys.Incoming' ]],
+       ],
+       description => "You need 'VM.Allocate' permissions on '/vms/{vmid}' and Sys.Incoming" .
+                      " on '/'. Further permission checks happen during the actual migration.",
+    },
+    parameters => {
+       additionalProperties => 0,
+       properties => {
+           node => get_standard_option('pve-node'),
+           vmid => get_standard_option('pve-vmid'),
+           storages => {
+               type => 'string',
+               format => 'pve-storage-id-list',
+               optional => 1,
+               description => 'List of storages to check permission and availability. Will be checked again for all actually used storages during migration.',
+           },
+           bridges => {
+               type => 'string',
+               format => 'pve-bridge-id-list',
+               optional => 1,
+               description => 'List of network bridges to check availability. Will be checked again for actually used bridges during migration.',
+           },
+       },
+    },
+    returns => {
+       additionalProperties => 0,
+       properties => {
+           upid => { type => 'string' },
+           ticket => { type => 'string' },
+           socket => { type => 'string' },
+       },
+    },
+    code => sub {
+       my ($param) = @_;
+
+       my $rpcenv = PVE::RPCEnvironment::get();
+       my $authuser = $rpcenv->get_user();
+
+       my $node = extract_param($param, 'node');
+       my $vmid = extract_param($param, 'vmid');
+
+       my $storages = extract_param($param, 'storages');
+       my $bridges = extract_param($param, 'bridges');
+
+       my $nodename = PVE::INotify::nodename();
+
+       raise_param_exc({ node => "node needs to be 'localhost' or local hostname '$nodename'" })
+           if $node ne 'localhost' && $node ne $nodename;
+
+       $node = $nodename;
+
+       my $storecfg = PVE::Storage::config();
+       foreach my $storeid (PVE::Tools::split_list($storages)) {
+           $check_storage_access_migrate->($rpcenv, $authuser, $storecfg, $storeid, $node);
+       }
+
+       foreach my $bridge (PVE::Tools::split_list($bridges)) {
+           PVE::Network::read_bridge_mtu($bridge);
+       }
+
+       PVE::Cluster::check_cfs_quorum();
+
+       my $lock = 'create';
+       eval { PVE::QemuConfig->create_and_lock_config($vmid, 0, $lock); };
+
+       raise_param_exc({ vmid => "unable to create empty VM config - $@"})
+           if $@;
+
+       my $realcmd = sub {
+           my $state = {
+               storecfg => PVE::Storage::config(),
+               lock => $lock,
+               vmid => $vmid,
+           };
+
+           my $run_locked = sub {
+               my ($code, $params) = @_;
+               return PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config($state->{vmid}, sub {
+                   my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($state->{vmid});
+
+                   $state->{conf} = $conf;
+
+                   die "Encountered wrong lock - aborting mtunnel command handling.\n"
+                       if $state->{lock} && !PVE::QemuConfig->has_lock($conf, $state->{lock});
+
+                   return $code->($params);
+               });
+           };
+
+           my $cmd_desc = {
+               config => {
+                   conf => {
+                       type => 'string',
+                       description => 'Full VM config, adapted for target cluster/node',
+                   },
+                   'firewall-config' => {
+                       type => 'string',
+                       description => 'VM firewall config',
+                       optional => 1,
+                   },
+               },
+               disk => {
+                   format => PVE::JSONSchema::get_standard_option('pve-qm-image-format'),
+                   storage => {
+                       type => 'string',
+                       format => 'pve-storage-id',
+                   },
+                   drive => {
+                       type => 'object',
+                       description => 'parsed drive information without volid and format',
+                   },
+               },
+               start => {
+                   start_params => {
+                       type => 'object',
+                       description => 'params passed to vm_start_nolock',
+                   },
+                   migrate_opts => {
+                       type => 'object',
+                       description => 'migrate_opts passed to vm_start_nolock',
+                   },
+               },
+               ticket => {
+                   path => {
+                       type => 'string',
+                       description => 'socket path for which the ticket should be valid. must be known to current mtunnel instance.',
+                   },
+               },
+               quit => {
+                   cleanup => {
+                       type => 'boolean',
+                       description => 'remove VM config and disks, aborting migration',
+                       default => 0,
+                   },
+               },
+               'disk-import' => $PVE::StorageTunnel::cmd_schema->{'disk-import'},
+               'query-disk-import' => $PVE::StorageTunnel::cmd_schema->{'query-disk-import'},
+               bwlimit => $PVE::StorageTunnel::cmd_schema->{bwlimit},
+           };
+
+           my $cmd_handlers = {
+               'version' => sub {
+                   # compared against other end's version
+                   # bump/reset for breaking changes
+                   # bump/bump for opt-in changes
+                   return {
+                       api => $PVE::QemuMigrate::WS_TUNNEL_VERSION,
+                       age => 0,
+                   };
+               },
+               'config' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   # parse and write out VM FW config if given
+                   if (my $fw_conf = $params->{'firewall-config'}) {
+                       my ($path, $fh) = PVE::Tools::tempfile_contents($fw_conf, 700);
+
+                       my $empty_conf = {
+                           rules => [],
+                           options => {},
+                           aliases => {},
+                           ipset => {} ,
+                           ipset_comments => {},
+                       };
+                       my $cluster_fw_conf = PVE::Firewall::load_clusterfw_conf();
+
+                       # TODO: add flag for strict parsing?
+                       # TODO: add import sub that does all this given raw content?
+                       my $vmfw_conf = PVE::Firewall::generic_fw_config_parser($path, $cluster_fw_conf, $empty_conf, 'vm');
+                       $vmfw_conf->{vmid} = $state->{vmid};
+                       PVE::Firewall::save_vmfw_conf($state->{vmid}, $vmfw_conf);
+
+                       $state->{cleanup}->{fw} = 1;
+                   }
+
+                   my $conf_fn = "incoming/qemu-server/$state->{vmid}.conf";
+                   my $new_conf = PVE::QemuServer::parse_vm_config($conf_fn, $params->{conf}, 1);
+                   delete $new_conf->{lock};
+                   delete $new_conf->{digest};
+
+                   # TODO handle properly?
+                   delete $new_conf->{snapshots};
+                   delete $new_conf->{parent};
+                   delete $new_conf->{pending};
+
+                   # not handled by update_vm_api
+                   my $vmgenid = delete $new_conf->{vmgenid};
+                   my $meta = delete $new_conf->{meta};
+                   my $cloudinit = delete $new_conf->{cloudinit}; # this is informational only
+                   $new_conf->{skip_cloud_init} = 1; # re-use image from source side
+
+                   $new_conf->{vmid} = $state->{vmid};
+                   $new_conf->{node} = $node;
+
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->remove_lock($state->{vmid}, 'create');
+
+                   eval {
+                       $update_vm_api->($new_conf, 1);
+                   };
+                   if (my $err = $@) {
+                       # revert to locked previous config
+                       my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($state->{vmid});
+                       $conf->{lock} = 'create';
+                       PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($state->{vmid}, $conf);
+
+                       die $err;
+                   }
+
+                   my $conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($state->{vmid});
+                   $conf->{lock} = 'migrate';
+                   $conf->{vmgenid} = $vmgenid if defined($vmgenid);
+                   $conf->{meta} = $meta if defined($meta);
+                   $conf->{cloudinit} = $cloudinit if defined($cloudinit);
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($state->{vmid}, $conf);
+
+                   $state->{lock} = 'migrate';
+
+                   return;
+               },
+               'bwlimit' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+                   return PVE::StorageTunnel::handle_bwlimit($params);
+               },
+               'disk' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   my $format = $params->{format};
+                   my $storeid = $params->{storage};
+                   my $drive = $params->{drive};
+
+                   $check_storage_access_migrate->($rpcenv, $authuser, $state->{storecfg}, $storeid, $node);
+
+                   my $storagemap = {
+                       default => $storeid,
+                   };
+
+                   my $source_volumes = {
+                       'disk' => [
+                           undef,
+                           $storeid,
+                           $drive,
+                           0,
+                           $format,
+                       ],
+                   };
+
+                   my $res = PVE::QemuServer::vm_migrate_alloc_nbd_disks($state->{storecfg}, $state->{vmid}, $source_volumes, $storagemap);
+                   if (defined($res->{disk})) {
+                       $state->{cleanup}->{volumes}->{$res->{disk}->{volid}} = 1;
+                       return $res->{disk};
+                   } else {
+                       die "failed to allocate NBD disk..\n";
+                   }
+               },
+               'disk-import' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   $check_storage_access_migrate->(
+                       $rpcenv,
+                       $authuser,
+                       $state->{storecfg},
+                       $params->{storage},
+                       $node
+                   );
+
+                   $params->{unix} = "/run/qemu-server/$state->{vmid}.storage";
+
+                   return PVE::StorageTunnel::handle_disk_import($state, $params);
+               },
+               'query-disk-import' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   return PVE::StorageTunnel::handle_query_disk_import($state, $params);
+               },
+               'start' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   my $info = PVE::QemuServer::vm_start_nolock(
+                       $state->{storecfg},
+                       $state->{vmid},
+                       $state->{conf},
+                       $params->{start_params},
+                       $params->{migrate_opts},
+                   );
+
+
+                   if ($info->{migrate}->{proto} ne 'unix') {
+                       PVE::QemuServer::vm_stop(undef, $state->{vmid}, 1, 1);
+                       die "migration over non-UNIX sockets not possible\n";
+                   }
+
+                   my $socket = $info->{migrate}->{addr};
+                   chown $state->{socket_uid}, -1, $socket;
+                   $state->{sockets}->{$socket} = 1;
+
+                   my $unix_sockets = $info->{migrate}->{unix_sockets};
+                   foreach my $socket (@$unix_sockets) {
+                       chown $state->{socket_uid}, -1, $socket;
+                       $state->{sockets}->{$socket} = 1;
+                   }
+                   return $info;
+               },
+               'fstrim' => sub {
+                   if (PVE::QemuServer::qga_check_running($state->{vmid})) {
+                       eval { mon_cmd($state->{vmid}, "guest-fstrim") };
+                       warn "fstrim failed: $@\n" if $@;
+                   }
+                   return;
+               },
+               'stop' => sub {
+                   PVE::QemuServer::vm_stop(undef, $state->{vmid}, 1, 1);
+                   return;
+               },
+               'nbdstop' => sub {
+                   PVE::QemuServer::nbd_stop($state->{vmid});
+                   return;
+               },
+               'resume' => sub {
+                   if (PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::vm_running_locally($state->{vmid})) {
+                       PVE::QemuServer::vm_resume($state->{vmid}, 1, 1);
+                   } else {
+                       die "VM $state->{vmid} not running\n";
+                   }
+                   return;
+               },
+               'unlock' => sub {
+                   PVE::QemuConfig->remove_lock($state->{vmid}, $state->{lock});
+                   delete $state->{lock};
+                   return;
+               },
+               'ticket' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   my $path = $params->{path};
+
+                   die "Not allowed to generate ticket for unknown socket '$path'\n"
+                       if !defined($state->{sockets}->{$path});
+
+                   return { ticket => PVE::AccessControl::assemble_tunnel_ticket($authuser, "/socket/$path") };
+               },
+               'quit' => sub {
+                   my ($params) = @_;
+
+                   if ($params->{cleanup}) {
+                       if ($state->{cleanup}->{fw}) {
+                           PVE::Firewall::remove_vmfw_conf($state->{vmid});
+                       }
+
+                       for my $volid (keys $state->{cleanup}->{volumes}->%*) {
+                           print "freeing volume '$volid' as part of cleanup\n";
+                           eval { PVE::Storage::vdisk_free($state->{storecfg}, $volid) };
+                           warn $@ if $@;
+                       }
+
+                       PVE::QemuServer::destroy_vm($state->{storecfg}, $state->{vmid}, 1);
+                   }
+
+                   print "switching to exit-mode, waiting for client to disconnect\n";
+                   $state->{exit} = 1;
+                   return;
+               },
+           };
+
+           $run_locked->(sub {
+               my $socket_addr = "/run/qemu-server/$state->{vmid}.mtunnel";
+               unlink $socket_addr;
+
+               $state->{socket} = IO::Socket::UNIX->new(
+                   Type => SOCK_STREAM(),
+                   Local => $socket_addr,
+                   Listen => 1,
+               );
+
+               $state->{socket_uid} = getpwnam('www-data')
+                   or die "Failed to resolve user 'www-data' to numeric UID\n";
+               chown $state->{socket_uid}, -1, $socket_addr;
+           });
+
+           print "mtunnel started\n";
+
+           my $conn = eval { PVE::Tools::run_with_timeout(300, sub { $state->{socket}->accept() }) };
+           if ($@) {
+               warn "Failed to accept tunnel connection - $@\n";
+
+               warn "Removing tunnel socket..\n";
+               unlink $state->{socket};
+
+               warn "Removing temporary VM config..\n";
+               $run_locked->(sub {
+                   PVE::QemuServer::destroy_vm($state->{storecfg}, $state->{vmid}, 1);
+               });
+
+               die "Exiting mtunnel\n";
+           }
+
+           $state->{conn} = $conn;
+
+           my $reply_err = sub {
+               my ($msg) = @_;
+
+               my $reply = JSON::encode_json({
+                   success => JSON::false,
+                   msg => $msg,
+               });
+               $conn->print("$reply\n");
+               $conn->flush();
+           };
+
+           my $reply_ok = sub {
+               my ($res) = @_;
+
+               $res->{success} = JSON::true;
+               my $reply = JSON::encode_json($res);
+               $conn->print("$reply\n");
+               $conn->flush();
+           };
+
+           while (my $line = <$conn>) {
+               chomp $line;
+
+               # untaint, we validate below if needed
+               ($line) = $line =~ /^(.*)$/;
+               my $parsed = eval { JSON::decode_json($line) };
+               if ($@) {
+                   $reply_err->("failed to parse command - $@");
+                   next;
+               }
+
+               my $cmd = delete $parsed->{cmd};
+               if (!defined($cmd)) {
+                   $reply_err->("'cmd' missing");
+               } elsif ($state->{exit}) {
+                   $reply_err->("tunnel is in exit-mode, processing '$cmd' cmd not possible");
+                   next;
+               } elsif (my $handler = $cmd_handlers->{$cmd}) {
+                   print "received command '$cmd'\n";
+                   eval {
+                       if ($cmd_desc->{$cmd}) {
+                           PVE::JSONSchema::validate($parsed, $cmd_desc->{$cmd});
+                       } else {
+                           $parsed = {};
+                       }
+                       my $res = $run_locked->($handler, $parsed);
+                       $reply_ok->($res);
+                   };
+                   $reply_err->("failed to handle '$cmd' command - $@")
+                       if $@;
+               } else {
+                   $reply_err->("unknown command '$cmd' given");
+               }
+           }
+
+           if ($state->{exit}) {
+               print "mtunnel exited\n";
+           } else {
+               die "mtunnel exited unexpectedly\n";
+           }
+       };
+
+       my $socket_addr = "/run/qemu-server/$vmid.mtunnel";
+       my $ticket = PVE::AccessControl::assemble_tunnel_ticket($authuser, "/socket/$socket_addr");
+       my $upid = $rpcenv->fork_worker('qmtunnel', $vmid, $authuser, $realcmd);
+
+       return {
+           ticket => $ticket,
+           upid => $upid,
+           socket => $socket_addr,
+       };
+    }});
+
+__PACKAGE__->register_method({
+    name => 'mtunnelwebsocket',
+    path => '{vmid}/mtunnelwebsocket',
+    method => 'GET',
+    permissions => {
+       description => "You need to pass a ticket valid for the selected socket. Tickets can be created via the mtunnel API call, which will check permissions accordingly.",
+        user => 'all', # check inside
+    },
+    description => 'Migration tunnel endpoint for websocket upgrade - only for internal use by VM migration.',
+    parameters => {
+       additionalProperties => 0,
+       properties => {
+           node => get_standard_option('pve-node'),
+           vmid => get_standard_option('pve-vmid'),
+           socket => {
+               type => "string",
+               description => "unix socket to forward to",
+           },
+           ticket => {
+               type => "string",
+               description => "ticket return by initial 'mtunnel' API call, or retrieved via 'ticket' tunnel command",
+           },
+       },
+    },
+    returns => {
+       type => "object",
+       properties => {
+           port => { type => 'string', optional => 1 },
+           socket => { type => 'string', optional => 1 },
+       },
+    },
+    code => sub {
+       my ($param) = @_;
+
+       my $rpcenv = PVE::RPCEnvironment::get();
+       my $authuser = $rpcenv->get_user();
+
+       my $nodename = PVE::INotify::nodename();
+       my $node = extract_param($param, 'node');
+
+       raise_param_exc({ node => "node needs to be 'localhost' or local hostname '$nodename'" })
+           if $node ne 'localhost' && $node ne $nodename;
+
+       my $vmid = $param->{vmid};
+       # check VM exists
+       PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
+
+       my $socket = $param->{socket};
+       PVE::AccessControl::verify_tunnel_ticket($param->{ticket}, $authuser, "/socket/$socket");
+
+       return { socket => $socket };
+    }});
+
 1;