blockdev.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU host block devices
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
   7  * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   8  *
   9  * This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
  10  * permission notice:
  11  *
  12  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
  13  *
  14  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  15  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  16  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  17  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  18  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  19  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  20  *
  21  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  22  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  23  *
  24  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  25  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  26  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  27  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  28  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  29  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  30  * THE SOFTWARE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
  34 #include "hw/block/block.h"
  35 #include "block/blockjob.h"
  36 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
  37 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
  38 #include "qemu/option.h"
  39 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  40 #include "qapi/qmp/types.h"
  41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
  42 #include "block/block_int.h"
  43 #include "qmp-commands.h"
  44 #include "trace.h"
  45 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
  46
  47 static QTAILQ_HEAD(drivelist, DriveInfo) drives = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(drives);
  48 extern QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts;
  49 extern QemuOptsList qemu_old_drive_opts;
  50
  51 static const char *const if_name[IF_COUNT] = {
  52     [IF_NONE] = "none",
  53     [IF_IDE] = "ide",
  54     [IF_SCSI] = "scsi",
  55     [IF_FLOPPY] = "floppy",
  56     [IF_PFLASH] = "pflash",
  57     [IF_MTD] = "mtd",
  58     [IF_SD] = "sd",
  59     [IF_VIRTIO] = "virtio",
  60     [IF_XEN] = "xen",
  61 };
  62
  63 static const int if_max_devs[IF_COUNT] = {
  64     /*
  65      * Do not change these numbers!  They govern how drive option
  66      * index maps to unit and bus.  That mapping is ABI.
  67      *
  68      * All controllers used to imlement if=T drives need to support
  69      * if_max_devs[T] units, for any T with if_max_devs[T] != 0.
  70      * Otherwise, some index values map to "impossible" bus, unit
  71      * values.
  72      *
  73      * For instance, if you change [IF_SCSI] to 255, -drive
  74      * if=scsi,index=12 no longer means bus=1,unit=5, but
  75      * bus=0,unit=12.  With an lsi53c895a controller (7 units max),
  76      * the drive can't be set up.  Regression.
  77      */
  78     [IF_IDE] = 2,
  79     [IF_SCSI] = 7,
  80 };
  81
  82 /*
  83  * We automatically delete the drive when a device using it gets
  84  * unplugged.  Questionable feature, but we can't just drop it.
  85  * Device models call blockdev_mark_auto_del() to schedule the
  86  * automatic deletion, and generic qdev code calls blockdev_auto_del()
  87  * when deletion is actually safe.
  88  */
  89 void blockdev_mark_auto_del(BlockDriverState *bs)
  90 {
  91     DriveInfo *dinfo = drive_get_by_blockdev(bs);
  92
  93     if (bs->job) {
  94         block_job_cancel(bs->job);
  95     }
  96     if (dinfo) {
  97         dinfo->auto_del = 1;
  98     }
  99 }
 100
 101 void blockdev_auto_del(BlockDriverState *bs)
 102 {
 103     DriveInfo *dinfo = drive_get_by_blockdev(bs);
 104
 105     if (dinfo && dinfo->auto_del) {
 106         drive_put_ref(dinfo);
 107     }
 108 }
 109
 110 static int drive_index_to_bus_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
 111 {
 112     int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
 113     return max_devs ? index / max_devs : 0;
 114 }
 115
 116 static int drive_index_to_unit_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
 117 {
 118     int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
 119     return max_devs ? index % max_devs : index;
 120 }
 121
 122 QemuOpts *drive_def(const char *optstr)
 123 {
 124     return qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("drive"), optstr, 0);
 125 }
 126
 127 QemuOpts *drive_add(BlockInterfaceType type, int index, const char *file,
 128                     const char *optstr)
 129 {
 130     QemuOpts *opts;
 131     char buf[32];
 132
 133     opts = drive_def(optstr);
 134     if (!opts) {
 135         return NULL;
 136     }
 137     if (type != IF_DEFAULT) {
 138         qemu_opt_set(opts, "if", if_name[type]);
 139     }
 140     if (index >= 0) {
 141         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", index);
 142         qemu_opt_set(opts, "index", buf);
 143     }
 144     if (file)
 145         qemu_opt_set(opts, "file", file);
 146     return opts;
 147 }
 148
 149 DriveInfo *drive_get(BlockInterfaceType type, int bus, int unit)
 150 {
 151     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 152
 153     /* seek interface, bus and unit */
 154
 155     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
 156         if (dinfo->type == type &&
 157             dinfo->bus == bus &&
 158             dinfo->unit == unit)
 159             return dinfo;
 160     }
 161
 162     return NULL;
 163 }
 164
 165 DriveInfo *drive_get_by_index(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
 166 {
 167     return drive_get(type,
 168                      drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index),
 169                      drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index));
 170 }
 171
 172 int drive_get_max_bus(BlockInterfaceType type)
 173 {
 174     int max_bus;
 175     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 176
 177     max_bus = -1;
 178     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
 179         if(dinfo->type == type &&
 180            dinfo->bus > max_bus)
 181             max_bus = dinfo->bus;
 182     }
 183     return max_bus;
 184 }
 185
 186 /* Get a block device.  This should only be used for single-drive devices
 187    (e.g. SD/Floppy/MTD).  Multi-disk devices (scsi/ide) should use the
 188    appropriate bus.  */
 189 DriveInfo *drive_get_next(BlockInterfaceType type)
 190 {
 191     static int next_block_unit[IF_COUNT];
 192
 193     return drive_get(type, 0, next_block_unit[type]++);
 194 }
 195
 196 DriveInfo *drive_get_by_blockdev(BlockDriverState *bs)
 197 {
 198     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 199
 200     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
 201         if (dinfo->bdrv == bs) {
 202             return dinfo;
 203         }
 204     }
 205     return NULL;
 206 }
 207
 208 static void bdrv_format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
 209 {
 210     error_printf(" %s", name);
 211 }
 212
 213 static void drive_uninit(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 214 {
 215     qemu_opts_del(dinfo->opts);
 216     bdrv_delete(dinfo->bdrv);
 217     g_free(dinfo->id);
 218     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
 219     g_free(dinfo->serial);
 220     g_free(dinfo);
 221 }
 222
 223 void drive_put_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 224 {
 225     assert(dinfo->refcount);
 226     if (--dinfo->refcount == 0) {
 227         drive_uninit(dinfo);
 228     }
 229 }
 230
 231 void drive_get_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 232 {
 233     dinfo->refcount++;
 234 }
 235
 236 typedef struct {
 237     QEMUBH *bh;
 238     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 239 } DrivePutRefBH;
 240
 241 static void drive_put_ref_bh(void *opaque)
 242 {
 243     DrivePutRefBH *s = opaque;
 244
 245     drive_put_ref(s->dinfo);
 246     qemu_bh_delete(s->bh);
 247     g_free(s);
 248 }
 249
 250 /*
 251  * Release a drive reference in a BH
 252  *
 253  * It is not possible to use drive_put_ref() from a callback function when the
 254  * callers still need the drive.  In such cases we schedule a BH to release the
 255  * reference.
 256  */
 257 static void drive_put_ref_bh_schedule(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 258 {
 259     DrivePutRefBH *s;
 260
 261     s = g_new(DrivePutRefBH, 1);
 262     s->bh = qemu_bh_new(drive_put_ref_bh, s);
 263     s->dinfo = dinfo;
 264     qemu_bh_schedule(s->bh);
 265 }
 266
 267 static int parse_block_error_action(const char *buf, bool is_read)
 268 {
 269     if (!strcmp(buf, "ignore")) {
 270         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_IGNORE;
 271     } else if (!is_read && !strcmp(buf, "enospc")) {
 272         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
 273     } else if (!strcmp(buf, "stop")) {
 274         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_STOP;
 275     } else if (!strcmp(buf, "report")) {
 276         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
 277     } else {
 278         error_report("'%s' invalid %s error action",
 279                      buf, is_read ? "read" : "write");
 280         return -1;
 281     }
 282 }
 283
 284 static bool do_check_io_limits(BlockIOLimit *io_limits, Error **errp)
 285 {
 286     bool bps_flag;
 287     bool iops_flag;
 288
 289     assert(io_limits);
 290
 291     bps_flag  = (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] != 0)
 292                  && ((io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] != 0)
 293                  || (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] != 0));
 294     iops_flag = (io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] != 0)
 295                  && ((io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] != 0)
 296                  || (io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] != 0));
 297     if (bps_flag || iops_flag) {
 298         error_setg(errp, "bps(iops) and bps_rd/bps_wr(iops_rd/iops_wr) "
 299                          "cannot be used at the same time");
 300         return false;
 301     }
 302
 303     if (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] < 0 ||
 304         io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] < 0 ||
 305         io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] < 0 ||
 306         io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] < 0 ||
 307         io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] < 0 ||
 308         io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] < 0) {
 309         error_setg(errp, "bps and iops values must be 0 or greater");
 310         return false;
 311     }
 312
 313     return true;
 314 }
 315
 316 static DriveInfo *blockdev_init(QemuOpts *all_opts,
 317                                 BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 318 {
 319     const char *buf;
 320     const char *file = NULL;
 321     const char *serial;
 322     const char *mediastr = "";
 323     BlockInterfaceType type;
 324     enum { MEDIA_DISK, MEDIA_CDROM } media;
 325     int bus_id, unit_id;
 326     int cyls, heads, secs, translation;
 327     int max_devs;
 328     int index;
 329     int ro = 0;
 330     int bdrv_flags = 0;
 331     int on_read_error, on_write_error;
 332     const char *devaddr;
 333     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 334     BlockIOLimit io_limits;
 335     int snapshot = 0;
 336     bool copy_on_read;
 337     int ret;
 338     Error *error = NULL;
 339     QemuOpts *opts;
 340     QDict *bs_opts;
 341     const char *id;
 342     bool has_driver_specific_opts;
 343     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
 344
 345     translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
 346     media = MEDIA_DISK;
 347
 348     /* Check common options by copying from all_opts to opts, all other options
 349      * are stored in bs_opts. */
 350     id = qemu_opts_id(all_opts);
 351     opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_common_drive_opts, id, 1, &error);
 352     if (error_is_set(&error)) {
 353         qerror_report_err(error);
 354         error_free(error);
 355         return NULL;
 356     }
 357
 358     bs_opts = qdict_new();
 359     qemu_opts_to_qdict(all_opts, bs_opts);
 360     qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, bs_opts, &error);
 361     if (error_is_set(&error)) {
 362         qerror_report_err(error);
 363         error_free(error);
 364         return NULL;
 365     }
 366
 367     if (id) {
 368         qdict_del(bs_opts, "id");
 369     }
 370
 371     has_driver_specific_opts = !!qdict_size(bs_opts);
 372
 373     /* extract parameters */
 374     bus_id  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bus", 0);
 375     unit_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "unit", -1);
 376     index   = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "index", -1);
 377
 378     cyls  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "cyls", 0);
 379     heads = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "heads", 0);
 380     secs  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "secs", 0);
 381
 382     snapshot = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "snapshot", 0);
 383     ro = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "read-only", 0);
 384     copy_on_read = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "copy-on-read", false);
 385
 386     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
 387     serial = qemu_opt_get(opts, "serial");
 388
 389     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "if")) != NULL) {
 390         for (type = 0; type < IF_COUNT && strcmp(buf, if_name[type]); type++)
 391             ;
 392         if (type == IF_COUNT) {
 393             error_report("unsupported bus type '%s'", buf);
 394             return NULL;
 395         }
 396     } else {
 397         type = block_default_type;
 398     }
 399
 400     max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
 401
 402     if (cyls || heads || secs) {
 403         if (cyls < 1) {
 404             error_report("invalid physical cyls number");
 405             return NULL;
 406         }
 407         if (heads < 1) {
 408             error_report("invalid physical heads number");
 409             return NULL;
 410         }
 411         if (secs < 1) {
 412             error_report("invalid physical secs number");
 413             return NULL;
 414         }
 415     }
 416
 417     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "trans")) != NULL) {
 418         if (!cyls) {
 419             error_report("'%s' trans must be used with cyls, heads and secs",
 420                          buf);
 421             return NULL;
 422         }
 423         if (!strcmp(buf, "none"))
 424             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE;
 425         else if (!strcmp(buf, "lba"))
 426             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA;
 427         else if (!strcmp(buf, "auto"))
 428             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
 429         else {
 430             error_report("'%s' invalid translation type", buf);
 431             return NULL;
 432         }
 433     }
 434
 435     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "media")) != NULL) {
 436         if (!strcmp(buf, "disk")) {
 437             media = MEDIA_DISK;
 438         } else if (!strcmp(buf, "cdrom")) {
 439             if (cyls || secs || heads) {
 440                 error_report("CHS can't be set with media=%s", buf);
 441                 return NULL;
 442             }
 443             media = MEDIA_CDROM;
 444         } else {
 445             error_report("'%s' invalid media", buf);
 446             return NULL;
 447         }
 448     }
 449
 450     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "discard")) != NULL) {
 451         if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(buf, &bdrv_flags) != 0) {
 452             error_report("invalid discard option");
 453             return NULL;
 454         }
 455     }
 456
 457     bdrv_flags = 0;
 458     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.writeback", true)) {
 459         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
 460     }
 461     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.direct", false)) {
 462         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 463     }
 464     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.no-flush", true)) {
 465         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH;
 466     }
 467
 468 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
 469     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "aio")) != NULL) {
 470         if (!strcmp(buf, "native")) {
 471             bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 472         } else if (!strcmp(buf, "threads")) {
 473             /* this is the default */
 474         } else {
 475            error_report("invalid aio option");
 476            return NULL;
 477         }
 478     }
 479 #endif
 480
 481     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "format")) != NULL) {
 482         if (is_help_option(buf)) {
 483             error_printf("Supported formats:");
 484             bdrv_iterate_format(bdrv_format_print, NULL);
 485             error_printf("\n");
 486             return NULL;
 487         }
 488
 489         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, ro);
 490         if (!drv) {
 491             error_report("'%s' invalid format", buf);
 492             return NULL;
 493         }
 494     }
 495
 496     /* disk I/O throttling */
 497     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL]  =
 498         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total", 0);
 499     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]   =
 500         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read", 0);
 501     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE]  =
 502         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write", 0);
 503     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] =
 504         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total", 0);
 505     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]  =
 506         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read", 0);
 507     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] =
 508         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write", 0);
 509
 510     if (!do_check_io_limits(&io_limits, &error)) {
 511         error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(error));
 512         error_free(error);
 513         return NULL;
 514     }
 515
 516     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "boot") != NULL) {
 517         fprintf(stderr, "qemu-kvm: boot=on|off is deprecated and will be "
 518                 "ignored. Future versions will reject this parameter. Please "
 519                 "update your scripts.\n");
 520     }
 521
 522     on_write_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
 523     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "werror")) != NULL) {
 524         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_NONE) {
 525             error_report("werror is not supported by this bus type");
 526             return NULL;
 527         }
 528
 529         on_write_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 0);
 530         if (on_write_error < 0) {
 531             return NULL;
 532         }
 533     }
 534
 535     on_read_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
 536     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "rerror")) != NULL) {
 537         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_NONE) {
 538             error_report("rerror is not supported by this bus type");
 539             return NULL;
 540         }
 541
 542         on_read_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 1);
 543         if (on_read_error < 0) {
 544             return NULL;
 545         }
 546     }
 547
 548     if ((devaddr = qemu_opt_get(opts, "addr")) != NULL) {
 549         if (type != IF_VIRTIO) {
 550             error_report("addr is not supported by this bus type");
 551             return NULL;
 552         }
 553     }
 554
 555     /* compute bus and unit according index */
 556
 557     if (index != -1) {
 558         if (bus_id != 0 || unit_id != -1) {
 559             error_report("index cannot be used with bus and unit");
 560             return NULL;
 561         }
 562         bus_id = drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index);
 563         unit_id = drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index);
 564     }
 565
 566     /* if user doesn't specify a unit_id,
 567      * try to find the first free
 568      */
 569
 570     if (unit_id == -1) {
 571        unit_id = 0;
 572        while (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
 573            unit_id++;
 574            if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
 575                unit_id -= max_devs;
 576                bus_id++;
 577            }
 578        }
 579     }
 580
 581     /* check unit id */
 582
 583     if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
 584         error_report("unit %d too big (max is %d)",
 585                      unit_id, max_devs - 1);
 586         return NULL;
 587     }
 588
 589     /*
 590      * catch multiple definitions
 591      */
 592
 593     if (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
 594         error_report("drive with bus=%d, unit=%d (index=%d) exists",
 595                      bus_id, unit_id, index);
 596         return NULL;
 597     }
 598
 599     /* init */
 600
 601     dinfo = g_malloc0(sizeof(*dinfo));
 602     if ((buf = qemu_opts_id(opts)) != NULL) {
 603         dinfo->id = g_strdup(buf);
 604     } else {
 605         /* no id supplied -> create one */
 606         dinfo->id = g_malloc0(32);
 607         if (type == IF_IDE || type == IF_SCSI)
 608             mediastr = (media == MEDIA_CDROM) ? "-cd" : "-hd";
 609         if (max_devs)
 610             snprintf(dinfo->id, 32, "%s%i%s%i",
 611                      if_name[type], bus_id, mediastr, unit_id);
 612         else
 613             snprintf(dinfo->id, 32, "%s%s%i",
 614                      if_name[type], mediastr, unit_id);
 615     }
 616     dinfo->bdrv = bdrv_new(dinfo->id);
 617     dinfo->bdrv->open_flags = snapshot ? BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT : 0;
 618     dinfo->bdrv->read_only = ro;
 619     dinfo->devaddr = devaddr;
 620     dinfo->type = type;
 621     dinfo->bus = bus_id;
 622     dinfo->unit = unit_id;
 623     dinfo->cyls = cyls;
 624     dinfo->heads = heads;
 625     dinfo->secs = secs;
 626     dinfo->trans = translation;
 627     dinfo->opts = all_opts;
 628     dinfo->refcount = 1;
 629     if (serial != NULL) {
 630         dinfo->serial = g_strdup(serial);
 631     }
 632     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&drives, dinfo, next);
 633
 634     bdrv_set_on_error(dinfo->bdrv, on_read_error, on_write_error);
 635
 636     /* disk I/O throttling */
 637     bdrv_set_io_limits(dinfo->bdrv, &io_limits);
 638
 639     switch(type) {
 640     case IF_IDE:
 641     case IF_SCSI:
 642     case IF_XEN:
 643     case IF_NONE:
 644         dinfo->media_cd = media == MEDIA_CDROM;
 645         break;
 646     case IF_SD:
 647     case IF_FLOPPY:
 648     case IF_PFLASH:
 649     case IF_MTD:
 650         break;
 651     case IF_VIRTIO:
 652     {
 653         /* add virtio block device */
 654         QemuOpts *devopts;
 655         devopts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(qemu_find_opts("device"));
 656         if (arch_type == QEMU_ARCH_S390X) {
 657             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-s390");
 658         } else {
 659             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-pci");
 660         }
 661         qemu_opt_set(devopts, "drive", dinfo->id);
 662         if (devaddr)
 663             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "addr", devaddr);
 664         break;
 665     }
 666     default:
 667         abort();
 668     }
 669     if (!file || !*file) {
 670         if (has_driver_specific_opts) {
 671             file = NULL;
 672         } else {
 673             return dinfo;
 674         }
 675     }
 676     if (snapshot) {
 677         /* always use cache=unsafe with snapshot */
 678         bdrv_flags &= ~BDRV_O_CACHE_MASK;
 679         bdrv_flags |= (BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT|BDRV_O_CACHE_WB|BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH);
 680     }
 681
 682     if (copy_on_read) {
 683         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 684     }
 685
 686     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
 687         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_INCOMING;
 688     }
 689
 690     if (media == MEDIA_CDROM) {
 691         /* CDROM is fine for any interface, don't check.  */
 692         ro = 1;
 693     } else if (ro == 1) {
 694         if (type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_FLOPPY &&
 695             type != IF_NONE && type != IF_PFLASH) {
 696             error_report("read-only not supported by this bus type");
 697             goto err;
 698         }
 699     }
 700
 701     bdrv_flags |= ro ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
 702
 703     if (ro && copy_on_read) {
 704         error_report("warning: disabling copy_on_read on read-only drive");
 705     }
 706
 707     QINCREF(bs_opts);
 708     ret = bdrv_open(dinfo->bdrv, file, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, drv);
 709
 710     if (ret < 0) {
 711         if (ret == -EMEDIUMTYPE) {
 712             error_report("could not open disk image %s: not in %s format",
 713                          file ?: dinfo->id, drv ? drv->format_name :
 714                          qdict_get_str(bs_opts, "driver"));
 715         } else {
 716             error_report("could not open disk image %s: %s",
 717                          file ?: dinfo->id, strerror(-ret));
 718         }
 719         goto err;
 720     }
 721
 722     if (bdrv_key_required(dinfo->bdrv))
 723         autostart = 0;
 724
 725     QDECREF(bs_opts);
 726     qemu_opts_del(opts);
 727
 728     return dinfo;
 729
 730 err:
 731     qemu_opts_del(opts);
 732     QDECREF(bs_opts);
 733     bdrv_delete(dinfo->bdrv);
 734     g_free(dinfo->id);
 735     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
 736     g_free(dinfo);
 737     return NULL;
 738 }
 739
 740 static void qemu_opt_rename(QemuOpts *opts, const char *from, const char *to)
 741 {
 742     const char *value;
 743
 744     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, from);
 745     if (value) {
 746         qemu_opt_set(opts, to, value);
 747         qemu_opt_unset(opts, from);
 748     }
 749 }
 750
 751 DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 752 {
 753     const char *value;
 754
 755     /*
 756      * Check that only old options are used by copying into a QemuOpts with
 757      * stricter checks. Going through a QDict seems to be the easiest way to
 758      * achieve this...
 759      */
 760     QemuOpts* check_opts;
 761     QDict *qdict;
 762     Error *local_err = NULL;
 763
 764     qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(all_opts, NULL);
 765     check_opts = qemu_opts_from_qdict(&qemu_old_drive_opts, qdict, &local_err);
 766     QDECREF(qdict);
 767
 768     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
 769         qerror_report_err(local_err);
 770         error_free(local_err);
 771         return NULL;
 772     }
 773     qemu_opts_del(check_opts);
 774
 775     /* Change legacy command line options into QMP ones */
 776     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops", "throttling.iops-total");
 777     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_rd", "throttling.iops-read");
 778     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_wr", "throttling.iops-write");
 779
 780     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps", "throttling.bps-total");
 781     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_rd", "throttling.bps-read");
 782     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_wr", "throttling.bps-write");
 783
 784     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "readonly", "read-only");
 785
 786     value = qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache");
 787     if (value) {
 788         int flags = 0;
 789
 790         if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(value, &flags) != 0) {
 791             error_report("invalid cache option");
 792             return NULL;
 793         }
 794
 795         /* Specific options take precedence */
 796         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.writeback")) {
 797             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.writeback",
 798                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_CACHE_WB));
 799         }
 800         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.direct")) {
 801             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.direct",
 802                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE));
 803         }
 804         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.no-flush")) {
 805             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.no-flush",
 806                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH));
 807         }
 808         qemu_opt_unset(all_opts, "cache");
 809     }
 810
 811     return blockdev_init(all_opts, block_default_type);
 812 }
 813
 814 void do_commit(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 815 {
 816     const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
 817     BlockDriverState *bs;
 818     int ret;
 819
 820     if (!strcmp(device, "all")) {
 821         ret = bdrv_commit_all();
 822     } else {
 823         bs = bdrv_find(device);
 824         if (!bs) {
 825             monitor_printf(mon, "Device '%s' not found\n", device);
 826             return;
 827         }
 828         ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
 829     }
 830     if (ret < 0) {
 831         monitor_printf(mon, "'commit' error for '%s': %s\n", device,
 832                        strerror(-ret));
 833     }
 834 }
 835
 836 static void blockdev_do_action(int kind, void *data, Error **errp)
 837 {
 838     TransactionAction action;
 839     TransactionActionList list;
 840
 841     action.kind = kind;
 842     action.data = data;
 843     list.value = &action;
 844     list.next = NULL;
 845     qmp_transaction(&list, errp);
 846 }
 847
 848 void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_sync(const char *device, const char *snapshot_file,
 849                                 bool has_format, const char *format,
 850                                 bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
 851                                 Error **errp)
 852 {
 853     BlockdevSnapshot snapshot = {
 854         .device = (char *) device,
 855         .snapshot_file = (char *) snapshot_file,
 856         .has_format = has_format,
 857         .format = (char *) format,
 858         .has_mode = has_mode,
 859         .mode = mode,
 860     };
 861     blockdev_do_action(TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC,
 862                        &snapshot, errp);
 863 }
 864
 865
 866 /* New and old BlockDriverState structs for group snapshots */
 867
 868 typedef struct BlkTransactionState BlkTransactionState;
 869
 870 /* Only prepare() may fail. In a single transaction, only one of commit() or
 871    abort() will be called, clean() will always be called if it present. */
 872 typedef struct BdrvActionOps {
 873     /* Size of state struct, in bytes. */
 874     size_t instance_size;
 875     /* Prepare the work, must NOT be NULL. */
 876     void (*prepare)(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp);
 877     /* Commit the changes, can be NULL. */
 878     void (*commit)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 879     /* Abort the changes on fail, can be NULL. */
 880     void (*abort)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 881     /* Clean up resource in the end, can be NULL. */
 882     void (*clean)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 883 } BdrvActionOps;
 884
 885 /*
 886  * This structure must be arranged as first member in child type, assuming
 887  * that compiler will also arrange it to the same address with parent instance.
 888  * Later it will be used in free().
 889  */
 890 struct BlkTransactionState {
 891     TransactionAction *action;
 892     const BdrvActionOps *ops;
 893     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlkTransactionState) entry;
 894 };
 895
 896 /* external snapshot private data */
 897 typedef struct ExternalSnapshotState {
 898     BlkTransactionState common;
 899     BlockDriverState *old_bs;
 900     BlockDriverState *new_bs;
 901 } ExternalSnapshotState;
 902
 903 static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common,
 904                                       Error **errp)
 905 {
 906     BlockDriver *drv;
 907     int flags, ret;
 908     Error *local_err = NULL;
 909     const char *device;
 910     const char *new_image_file;
 911     const char *format = "qcow2";
 912     enum NewImageMode mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
 913     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
 914                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
 915     TransactionAction *action = common->action;
 916
 917     /* get parameters */
 918     g_assert(action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC);
 919
 920     device = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->device;
 921     new_image_file = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->snapshot_file;
 922     if (action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->has_format) {
 923         format = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->format;
 924     }
 925     if (action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->has_mode) {
 926         mode = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->mode;
 927     }
 928
 929     /* start processing */
 930     drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
 931     if (!drv) {
 932         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
 933         return;
 934     }
 935
 936     state->old_bs = bdrv_find(device);
 937     if (!state->old_bs) {
 938         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
 939         return;
 940     }
 941
 942     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(state->old_bs)) {
 943         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
 944         return;
 945     }
 946
 947     if (bdrv_in_use(state->old_bs)) {
 948         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
 949         return;
 950     }
 951
 952     if (!bdrv_is_read_only(state->old_bs)) {
 953         if (bdrv_flush(state->old_bs)) {
 954             error_set(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 955             return;
 956         }
 957     }
 958
 959     flags = state->old_bs->open_flags;
 960
 961     /* create new image w/backing file */
 962     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
 963         bdrv_img_create(new_image_file, format,
 964                         state->old_bs->filename,
 965                         state->old_bs->drv->format_name,
 966                         NULL, -1, flags, &local_err, false);
 967         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
 968             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
 969             return;
 970         }
 971     }
 972
 973     /* We will manually add the backing_hd field to the bs later */
 974     state->new_bs = bdrv_new("");
 975     /* TODO Inherit bs->options or only take explicit options with an
 976      * extended QMP command? */
 977     ret = bdrv_open(state->new_bs, new_image_file, NULL,
 978                     flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
 979     if (ret != 0) {
 980         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, new_image_file);
 981     }
 982 }
 983
 984 static void external_snapshot_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
 985 {
 986     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
 987                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
 988
 989     /* This removes our old bs and adds the new bs */
 990     bdrv_append(state->new_bs, state->old_bs);
 991     /* We don't need (or want) to use the transactional
 992      * bdrv_reopen_multiple() across all the entries at once, because we
 993      * don't want to abort all of them if one of them fails the reopen */
 994     bdrv_reopen(state->new_bs, state->new_bs->open_flags & ~BDRV_O_RDWR,
 995                 NULL);
 996 }
 997
 998 static void external_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
 999 {
1000     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
1001                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
1002     if (state->new_bs) {
1003         bdrv_delete(state->new_bs);
1004     }
1005 }
1006
1007 typedef struct DriveBackupState {
1008     BlkTransactionState common;
1009     BlockDriverState *bs;
1010     BlockJob *job;
1011 } DriveBackupState;
1012
1013 static void drive_backup_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
1014 {
1015     DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
1016     DriveBackup *backup;
1017     Error *local_err = NULL;
1018
1019     assert(common->action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP);
1020     backup = common->action->drive_backup;
1021
1022     qmp_drive_backup(backup->device, backup->target,
1023                      backup->has_format, backup->format,
1024                      backup->sync,
1025                      backup->has_mode, backup->mode,
1026                      backup->has_speed, backup->speed,
1027                      backup->has_on_source_error, backup->on_source_error,
1028                      backup->has_on_target_error, backup->on_target_error,
1029                      &local_err);
1030     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1031         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1032         state->bs = NULL;
1033         state->job = NULL;
1034         return;
1035     }
1036
1037     state->bs = bdrv_find(backup->device);
1038     state->job = state->bs->job;
1039 }
1040
1041 static void drive_backup_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
1042 {
1043     DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
1044     BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
1045
1046     /* Only cancel if it's the job we started */
1047     if (bs && bs->job && bs->job == state->job) {
1048         block_job_cancel_sync(bs->job);
1049     }
1050 }
1051
1052 static void abort_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
1053 {
1054     error_setg(errp, "Transaction aborted using Abort action");
1055 }
1056
1057 static void abort_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
1058 {
1059     g_assert_not_reached(); /* this action never succeeds */
1060 }
1061
1062 static const BdrvActionOps actions[] = {
1063     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC] = {
1064         .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotState),
1065         .prepare  = external_snapshot_prepare,
1066         .commit   = external_snapshot_commit,
1067         .abort = external_snapshot_abort,
1068     },
1069     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP] = {
1070         .instance_size = sizeof(DriveBackupState),
1071         .prepare = drive_backup_prepare,
1072         .abort = drive_backup_abort,
1073     },
1074     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_ABORT] = {
1075         .instance_size = sizeof(BlkTransactionState),
1076         .prepare = abort_prepare,
1077         .commit = abort_commit,
1078     },
1079 };
1080
1081 /*
1082  * 'Atomic' group snapshots.  The snapshots are taken as a set, and if any fail
1083  *  then we do not pivot any of the devices in the group, and abandon the
1084  *  snapshots
1085  */
1086 void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list, Error **errp)
1087 {
1088     TransactionActionList *dev_entry = dev_list;
1089     BlkTransactionState *state, *next;
1090     Error *local_err = NULL;
1091
1092     QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(snap_bdrv_states, BlkTransactionState) snap_bdrv_states;
1093     QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&snap_bdrv_states);
1094
1095     /* drain all i/o before any snapshots */
1096     bdrv_drain_all();
1097
1098     /* We don't do anything in this loop that commits us to the snapshot */
1099     while (NULL != dev_entry) {
1100         TransactionAction *dev_info = NULL;
1101         const BdrvActionOps *ops;
1102
1103         dev_info = dev_entry->value;
1104         dev_entry = dev_entry->next;
1105
1106         assert(dev_info->kind < ARRAY_SIZE(actions));
1107
1108         ops = &actions[dev_info->kind];
1109         state = g_malloc0(ops->instance_size);
1110         state->ops = ops;
1111         state->action = dev_info;
1112         QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&snap_bdrv_states, state, entry);
1113
1114         state->ops->prepare(state, &local_err);
1115         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1116             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1117             goto delete_and_fail;
1118         }
1119     }
1120
1121     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
1122         if (state->ops->commit) {
1123             state->ops->commit(state);
1124         }
1125     }
1126
1127     /* success */
1128     goto exit;
1129
1130 delete_and_fail:
1131     /*
1132     * failure, and it is all-or-none; abandon each new bs, and keep using
1133     * the original bs for all images
1134     */
1135     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
1136         if (state->ops->abort) {
1137             state->ops->abort(state);
1138         }
1139     }
1140 exit:
1141     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry, next) {
1142         if (state->ops->clean) {
1143             state->ops->clean(state);
1144         }
1145         g_free(state);
1146     }
1147 }
1148
1149
1150 static void eject_device(BlockDriverState *bs, int force, Error **errp)
1151 {
1152     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1153         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1154         return;
1155     }
1156     if (!bdrv_dev_has_removable_media(bs)) {
1157         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_REMOVABLE, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1158         return;
1159     }
1160
1161     if (bdrv_dev_is_medium_locked(bs) && !bdrv_dev_is_tray_open(bs)) {
1162         bdrv_dev_eject_request(bs, force);
1163         if (!force) {
1164             error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_LOCKED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1165             return;
1166         }
1167     }
1168
1169     bdrv_close(bs);
1170 }
1171
1172 void qmp_eject(const char *device, bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
1173 {
1174     BlockDriverState *bs;
1175
1176     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1177     if (!bs) {
1178         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1179         return;
1180     }
1181
1182     eject_device(bs, force, errp);
1183 }
1184
1185 void qmp_block_passwd(const char *device, const char *password, Error **errp)
1186 {
1187     BlockDriverState *bs;
1188     int err;
1189
1190     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1191     if (!bs) {
1192         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1193         return;
1194     }
1195
1196     err = bdrv_set_key(bs, password);
1197     if (err == -EINVAL) {
1198         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1199         return;
1200     } else if (err < 0) {
1201         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PASSWORD);
1202         return;
1203     }
1204 }
1205
1206 static void qmp_bdrv_open_encrypted(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *filename,
1207                                     int bdrv_flags, BlockDriver *drv,
1208                                     const char *password, Error **errp)
1209 {
1210     int ret;
1211
1212     ret = bdrv_open(bs, filename, NULL, bdrv_flags, drv);
1213     if (ret < 0) {
1214         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, filename);
1215         return;
1216     }
1217
1218     if (bdrv_key_required(bs)) {
1219         if (password) {
1220             if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
1221                 error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PASSWORD);
1222             }
1223         } else {
1224             error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs),
1225                       bdrv_get_encrypted_filename(bs));
1226         }
1227     } else if (password) {
1228         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1229     }
1230 }
1231
1232 void qmp_change_blockdev(const char *device, const char *filename,
1233                          bool has_format, const char *format, Error **errp)
1234 {
1235     BlockDriverState *bs;
1236     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1237     int bdrv_flags;
1238     Error *err = NULL;
1239
1240     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1241     if (!bs) {
1242         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1243         return;
1244     }
1245
1246     if (format) {
1247         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(format, bs->read_only);
1248         if (!drv) {
1249             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1250             return;
1251         }
1252     }
1253
1254     eject_device(bs, 0, &err);
1255     if (error_is_set(&err)) {
1256         error_propagate(errp, err);
1257         return;
1258     }
1259
1260     bdrv_flags = bdrv_is_read_only(bs) ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1261     bdrv_flags |= bdrv_is_snapshot(bs) ? BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT : 0;
1262
1263     qmp_bdrv_open_encrypted(bs, filename, bdrv_flags, drv, NULL, errp);
1264 }
1265
1266 /* throttling disk I/O limits */
1267 void qmp_block_set_io_throttle(const char *device, int64_t bps, int64_t bps_rd,
1268                                int64_t bps_wr, int64_t iops, int64_t iops_rd,
1269                                int64_t iops_wr, Error **errp)
1270 {
1271     BlockIOLimit io_limits;
1272     BlockDriverState *bs;
1273
1274     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1275     if (!bs) {
1276         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1277         return;
1278     }
1279
1280     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] = bps;
1281     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]  = bps_rd;
1282     io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] = bps_wr;
1283     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL]= iops;
1284     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] = iops_rd;
1285     io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE]= iops_wr;
1286
1287     if (!do_check_io_limits(&io_limits, errp)) {
1288         return;
1289     }
1290
1291     bs->io_limits = io_limits;
1292
1293     if (!bs->io_limits_enabled && bdrv_io_limits_enabled(bs)) {
1294         bdrv_io_limits_enable(bs);
1295     } else if (bs->io_limits_enabled && !bdrv_io_limits_enabled(bs)) {
1296         bdrv_io_limits_disable(bs);
1297     } else {
1298         if (bs->block_timer) {
1299             qemu_mod_timer(bs->block_timer, qemu_get_clock_ns(vm_clock));
1300         }
1301     }
1302 }
1303
1304 int do_drive_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data)
1305 {
1306     const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
1307     BlockDriverState *bs;
1308
1309     bs = bdrv_find(id);
1310     if (!bs) {
1311         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, id);
1312         return -1;
1313     }
1314     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1315         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, id);
1316         return -1;
1317     }
1318
1319     /* quiesce block driver; prevent further io */
1320     bdrv_drain_all();
1321     bdrv_flush(bs);
1322     bdrv_close(bs);
1323
1324     /* if we have a device attached to this BlockDriverState
1325      * then we need to make the drive anonymous until the device
1326      * can be removed.  If this is a drive with no device backing
1327      * then we can just get rid of the block driver state right here.
1328      */
1329     if (bdrv_get_attached_dev(bs)) {
1330         bdrv_make_anon(bs);
1331
1332         /* Further I/O must not pause the guest */
1333         bdrv_set_on_error(bs, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
1334                           BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT);
1335     } else {
1336         drive_uninit(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1337     }
1338
1339     return 0;
1340 }
1341
1342 void qmp_block_resize(const char *device, int64_t size, Error **errp)
1343 {
1344     BlockDriverState *bs;
1345     int ret;
1346
1347     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1348     if (!bs) {
1349         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1350         return;
1351     }
1352
1353     if (size < 0) {
1354         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "size", "a >0 size");
1355         return;
1356     }
1357
1358     /* complete all in-flight operations before resizing the device */
1359     bdrv_drain_all();
1360
1361     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, size);
1362     switch (ret) {
1363     case 0:
1364         break;
1365     case -ENOMEDIUM:
1366         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1367         break;
1368     case -ENOTSUP:
1369         error_set(errp, QERR_UNSUPPORTED);
1370         break;
1371     case -EACCES:
1372         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IS_READ_ONLY, device);
1373         break;
1374     case -EBUSY:
1375         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1376         break;
1377     default:
1378         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not resize");
1379         break;
1380     }
1381 }
1382
1383 static void block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
1384 {
1385     BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
1386     QObject *obj;
1387
1388     trace_block_job_cb(bs, bs->job, ret);
1389
1390     assert(bs->job);
1391     obj = qobject_from_block_job(bs->job);
1392     if (ret < 0) {
1393         QDict *dict = qobject_to_qdict(obj);
1394         qdict_put(dict, "error", qstring_from_str(strerror(-ret)));
1395     }
1396
1397     if (block_job_is_cancelled(bs->job)) {
1398         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED, obj);
1399     } else {
1400         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED, obj);
1401     }
1402     qobject_decref(obj);
1403
1404     drive_put_ref_bh_schedule(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1405 }
1406
1407 void qmp_block_stream(const char *device, bool has_base,
1408                       const char *base, bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1409                       bool has_on_error, BlockdevOnError on_error,
1410                       Error **errp)
1411 {
1412     BlockDriverState *bs;
1413     BlockDriverState *base_bs = NULL;
1414     Error *local_err = NULL;
1415
1416     if (!has_on_error) {
1417         on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1418     }
1419
1420     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1421     if (!bs) {
1422         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1423         return;
1424     }
1425
1426     if (base) {
1427         base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1428         if (base_bs == NULL) {
1429             error_set(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
1430             return;
1431         }
1432     }
1433
1434     stream_start(bs, base_bs, base, has_speed ? speed : 0,
1435                  on_error, block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1436     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1437         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1438         return;
1439     }
1440
1441     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1442      * underneath us.
1443      */
1444     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1445
1446     trace_qmp_block_stream(bs, bs->job);
1447 }
1448
1449 void qmp_block_commit(const char *device,
1450                       bool has_base, const char *base, const char *top,
1451                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1452                       Error **errp)
1453 {
1454     BlockDriverState *bs;
1455     BlockDriverState *base_bs, *top_bs;
1456     Error *local_err = NULL;
1457     /* This will be part of the QMP command, if/when the
1458      * BlockdevOnError change for blkmirror makes it in
1459      */
1460     BlockdevOnError on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1461
1462     /* drain all i/o before commits */
1463     bdrv_drain_all();
1464
1465     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1466     if (!bs) {
1467         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1468         return;
1469     }
1470
1471     /* default top_bs is the active layer */
1472     top_bs = bs;
1473
1474     if (top) {
1475         if (strcmp(bs->filename, top) != 0) {
1476             top_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, top);
1477         }
1478     }
1479
1480     if (top_bs == NULL) {
1481         error_setg(errp, "Top image file %s not found", top ? top : "NULL");
1482         return;
1483     }
1484
1485     if (has_base && base) {
1486         base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(top_bs, base);
1487     } else {
1488         base_bs = bdrv_find_base(top_bs);
1489     }
1490
1491     if (base_bs == NULL) {
1492         error_set(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base ? base : "NULL");
1493         return;
1494     }
1495
1496     commit_start(bs, base_bs, top_bs, speed, on_error, block_job_cb, bs,
1497                 &local_err);
1498     if (local_err != NULL) {
1499         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1500         return;
1501     }
1502     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1503      * underneath us.
1504      */
1505     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1506 }
1507
1508 void qmp_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
1509                       bool has_format, const char *format,
1510                       enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
1511                       bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
1512                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1513                       bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
1514                       bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
1515                       Error **errp)
1516 {
1517     BlockDriverState *bs;
1518     BlockDriverState *target_bs;
1519     BlockDriverState *source = NULL;
1520     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1521     Error *local_err = NULL;
1522     int flags;
1523     int64_t size;
1524     int ret;
1525
1526     if (!has_speed) {
1527         speed = 0;
1528     }
1529     if (!has_on_source_error) {
1530         on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1531     }
1532     if (!has_on_target_error) {
1533         on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1534     }
1535     if (!has_mode) {
1536         mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1537     }
1538
1539     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1540     if (!bs) {
1541         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1542         return;
1543     }
1544
1545     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
1546         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1547         return;
1548     }
1549
1550     if (!has_format) {
1551         format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
1552     }
1553     if (format) {
1554         drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1555         if (!drv) {
1556             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1557             return;
1558         }
1559     }
1560
1561     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1562         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1563         return;
1564     }
1565
1566     flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1567
1568     /* See if we have a backing HD we can use to create our new image
1569      * on top of. */
1570     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
1571         source = bs->backing_hd;
1572         if (!source) {
1573             sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
1574         }
1575     }
1576     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
1577         source = bs;
1578     }
1579
1580     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1581     if (size < 0) {
1582         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
1583         return;
1584     }
1585
1586     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1587         assert(format && drv);
1588         if (source) {
1589             bdrv_img_create(target, format, source->filename,
1590                             source->drv->format_name, NULL,
1591                             size, flags, &local_err, false);
1592         } else {
1593             bdrv_img_create(target, format, NULL, NULL, NULL,
1594                             size, flags, &local_err, false);
1595         }
1596     }
1597
1598     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1599         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1600         return;
1601     }
1602
1603     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
1604     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags, drv);
1605     if (ret < 0) {
1606         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1607         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
1608         return;
1609     }
1610
1611     backup_start(bs, target_bs, speed, sync, on_source_error, on_target_error,
1612                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1613     if (local_err != NULL) {
1614         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1615         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1616         return;
1617     }
1618
1619     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1620      * underneath us.
1621      */
1622     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1623 }
1624
1625 #define DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE   (10 << 20)
1626
1627 void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
1628                       bool has_format, const char *format,
1629                       enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
1630                       bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
1631                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1632                       bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
1633                       bool has_buf_size, int64_t buf_size,
1634                       bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
1635                       bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
1636                       Error **errp)
1637 {
1638     BlockDriverState *bs;
1639     BlockDriverState *source, *target_bs;
1640     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1641     Error *local_err = NULL;
1642     int flags;
1643     int64_t size;
1644     int ret;
1645
1646     if (!has_speed) {
1647         speed = 0;
1648     }
1649     if (!has_on_source_error) {
1650         on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1651     }
1652     if (!has_on_target_error) {
1653         on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1654     }
1655     if (!has_mode) {
1656         mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1657     }
1658     if (!has_granularity) {
1659         granularity = 0;
1660     }
1661     if (!has_buf_size) {
1662         buf_size = DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE;
1663     }
1664
1665     if (granularity != 0 && (granularity < 512 || granularity > 1048576 * 64)) {
1666         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, device);
1667         return;
1668     }
1669     if (granularity & (granularity - 1)) {
1670         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, device);
1671         return;
1672     }
1673
1674     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1675     if (!bs) {
1676         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1677         return;
1678     }
1679
1680     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
1681         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1682         return;
1683     }
1684
1685     if (!has_format) {
1686         format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
1687     }
1688     if (format) {
1689         drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1690         if (!drv) {
1691             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1692             return;
1693         }
1694     }
1695
1696     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1697         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1698         return;
1699     }
1700
1701     flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1702     source = bs->backing_hd;
1703     if (!source && sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
1704         sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
1705     }
1706
1707     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1708     if (size < 0) {
1709         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
1710         return;
1711     }
1712
1713     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL && mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1714         /* create new image w/o backing file */
1715         assert(format && drv);
1716         bdrv_img_create(target, format,
1717                         NULL, NULL, NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
1718     } else {
1719         switch (mode) {
1720         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING:
1721             ret = 0;
1722             break;
1723         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS:
1724             /* create new image with backing file */
1725             bdrv_img_create(target, format,
1726                             source->filename,
1727                             source->drv->format_name,
1728                             NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
1729             break;
1730         default:
1731             abort();
1732         }
1733     }
1734
1735     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1736         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1737         return;
1738     }
1739
1740     /* Mirroring takes care of copy-on-write using the source's backing
1741      * file.
1742      */
1743     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
1744     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
1745     if (ret < 0) {
1746         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1747         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
1748         return;
1749     }
1750
1751     mirror_start(bs, target_bs, speed, granularity, buf_size, sync,
1752                  on_source_error, on_target_error,
1753                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1754     if (local_err != NULL) {
1755         bdrv_delete(target_bs);
1756         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1757         return;
1758     }
1759
1760     /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
1761      * underneath us.
1762      */
1763     drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1764 }
1765
1766 static BlockJob *find_block_job(const char *device)
1767 {
1768     BlockDriverState *bs;
1769
1770     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1771     if (!bs || !bs->job) {
1772         return NULL;
1773     }
1774     return bs->job;
1775 }
1776
1777 void qmp_block_job_set_speed(const char *device, int64_t speed, Error **errp)
1778 {
1779     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1780
1781     if (!job) {
1782         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1783         return;
1784     }
1785
1786     block_job_set_speed(job, speed, errp);
1787 }
1788
1789 void qmp_block_job_cancel(const char *device,
1790                           bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
1791 {
1792     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1793
1794     if (!has_force) {
1795         force = false;
1796     }
1797
1798     if (!job) {
1799         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1800         return;
1801     }
1802     if (job->paused && !force) {
1803         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_PAUSED, device);
1804         return;
1805     }
1806
1807     trace_qmp_block_job_cancel(job);
1808     block_job_cancel(job);
1809 }
1810
1811 void qmp_block_job_pause(const char *device, Error **errp)
1812 {
1813     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1814
1815     if (!job) {
1816         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1817         return;
1818     }
1819
1820     trace_qmp_block_job_pause(job);
1821     block_job_pause(job);
1822 }
1823
1824 void qmp_block_job_resume(const char *device, Error **errp)
1825 {
1826     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1827
1828     if (!job) {
1829         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1830         return;
1831     }
1832
1833     trace_qmp_block_job_resume(job);
1834     block_job_resume(job);
1835 }
1836
1837 void qmp_block_job_complete(const char *device, Error **errp)
1838 {
1839     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1840
1841     if (!job) {
1842         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1843         return;
1844     }
1845
1846     trace_qmp_block_job_complete(job);
1847     block_job_complete(job, errp);
1848 }
1849
1850 static void do_qmp_query_block_jobs_one(void *opaque, BlockDriverState *bs)
1851 {
1852     BlockJobInfoList **prev = opaque;
1853     BlockJob *job = bs->job;
1854
1855     if (job) {
1856         BlockJobInfoList *elem = g_new0(BlockJobInfoList, 1);
1857         elem->value = block_job_query(bs->job);
1858         (*prev)->next = elem;
1859         *prev = elem;
1860     }
1861 }
1862
1863 BlockJobInfoList *qmp_query_block_jobs(Error **errp)
1864 {
1865     /* Dummy is a fake list element for holding the head pointer */
1866     BlockJobInfoList dummy = {};
1867     BlockJobInfoList *prev = &dummy;
1868     bdrv_iterate(do_qmp_query_block_jobs_one, &prev);
1869     return dummy.next;
1870 }
1871
1872 QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts = {
1873     .name = "drive",
1874     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_common_drive_opts.head),
1875     .desc = {
1876         {
1877             .name = "bus",
1878             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1879             .help = "bus number",
1880         },{
1881             .name = "unit",
1882             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1883             .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
1884         },{
1885             .name = "if",
1886             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1887             .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
1888         },{
1889             .name = "index",
1890             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1891             .help = "index number",
1892         },{
1893             .name = "cyls",
1894             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1895             .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
1896         },{
1897             .name = "heads",
1898             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1899             .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
1900         },{
1901             .name = "secs",
1902             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1903             .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
1904         },{
1905             .name = "trans",
1906             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1907             .help = "chs translation (auto, lba. none)",
1908         },{
1909             .name = "media",
1910             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1911             .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
1912         },{
1913             .name = "snapshot",
1914             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1915             .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
1916         },{
1917             .name = "file",
1918             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1919             .help = "disk image",
1920         },{
1921             .name = "discard",
1922             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1923             .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
1924         },{
1925             .name = "cache.writeback",
1926             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1927             .help = "enables writeback mode for any caches",
1928         },{
1929             .name = "cache.direct",
1930             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1931             .help = "enables use of O_DIRECT (bypass the host page cache)",
1932         },{
1933             .name = "cache.no-flush",
1934             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1935             .help = "ignore any flush requests for the device",
1936         },{
1937             .name = "aio",
1938             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1939             .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
1940         },{
1941             .name = "format",
1942             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1943             .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
1944         },{
1945             .name = "serial",
1946             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1947             .help = "disk serial number",
1948         },{
1949             .name = "rerror",
1950             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1951             .help = "read error action",
1952         },{
1953             .name = "werror",
1954             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1955             .help = "write error action",
1956         },{
1957             .name = "addr",
1958             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
1959             .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
1960         },{
1961             .name = "read-only",
1962             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1963             .help = "open drive file as read-only",
1964         },{
1965             .name = "throttling.iops-total",
1966             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1967             .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
1968         },{
1969             .name = "throttling.iops-read",
1970             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1971             .help = "limit read operations per second",
1972         },{
1973             .name = "throttling.iops-write",
1974             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1975             .help = "limit write operations per second",
1976         },{
1977             .name = "throttling.bps-total",
1978             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1979             .help = "limit total bytes per second",
1980         },{
1981             .name = "throttling.bps-read",
1982             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1983             .help = "limit read bytes per second",
1984         },{
1985             .name = "throttling.bps-write",
1986             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
1987             .help = "limit write bytes per second",
1988         },{
1989             .name = "copy-on-read",
1990             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1991             .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
1992         },{
1993             .name = "boot",
1994             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
1995             .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
1996         },
1997         { /* end of list */ }
1998     },
1999 };
2000
2001 QemuOptsList qemu_old_drive_opts = {
2002     .name = "drive",
2003     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_old_drive_opts.head),
2004     .desc = {
2005         {
2006             .name = "bus",
2007             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2008             .help = "bus number",
2009         },{
2010             .name = "unit",
2011             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2012             .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
2013         },{
2014             .name = "if",
2015             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2016             .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
2017         },{
2018             .name = "index",
2019             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2020             .help = "index number",
2021         },{
2022             .name = "cyls",
2023             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2024             .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
2025         },{
2026             .name = "heads",
2027             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2028             .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
2029         },{
2030             .name = "secs",
2031             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2032             .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
2033         },{
2034             .name = "trans",
2035             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2036             .help = "chs translation (auto, lba. none)",
2037         },{
2038             .name = "media",
2039             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2040             .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
2041         },{
2042             .name = "snapshot",
2043             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2044             .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
2045         },{
2046             .name = "file",
2047             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2048             .help = "disk image",
2049         },{
2050             .name = "discard",
2051             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2052             .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
2053         },{
2054             .name = "cache",
2055             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2056             .help = "host cache usage (none, writeback, writethrough, "
2057                     "directsync, unsafe)",
2058         },{
2059             .name = "aio",
2060             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2061             .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
2062         },{
2063             .name = "format",
2064             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2065             .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
2066         },{
2067             .name = "serial",
2068             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2069             .help = "disk serial number",
2070         },{
2071             .name = "rerror",
2072             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2073             .help = "read error action",
2074         },{
2075             .name = "werror",
2076             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2077             .help = "write error action",
2078         },{
2079             .name = "addr",
2080             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2081             .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
2082         },{
2083             .name = "readonly",
2084             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2085             .help = "open drive file as read-only",
2086         },{
2087             .name = "iops",
2088             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2089             .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
2090         },{
2091             .name = "iops_rd",
2092             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2093             .help = "limit read operations per second",
2094         },{
2095             .name = "iops_wr",
2096             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2097             .help = "limit write operations per second",
2098         },{
2099             .name = "bps",
2100             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2101             .help = "limit total bytes per second",
2102         },{
2103             .name = "bps_rd",
2104             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2105             .help = "limit read bytes per second",
2106         },{
2107             .name = "bps_wr",
2108             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2109             .help = "limit write bytes per second",
2110         },{
2111             .name = "copy-on-read",
2112             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2113             .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
2114         },{
2115             .name = "boot",
2116             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2117             .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
2118         },
2119         { /* end of list */ }
2120     },
2121 };
2122
2123 QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
2124     .name = "drive",
2125     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
2126     .desc = {
2127         /*
2128          * no elements => accept any params
2129          * validation will happen later
2130          */
2131         { /* end of list */ }
2132     },
2133 };