blockdev.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU host block devices
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or
   7  * later.  See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   8  *
   9  * This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
  10  * permission notice:
  11  *
  12  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
  13  *
  14  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
  15  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
  16  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  17  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  18  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  19  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  20  *
  21  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  22  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  23  *
  24  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  25  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  26  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  27  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  28  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  29  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  30  * THE SOFTWARE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
  34 #include "hw/block/block.h"
  35 #include "block/blockjob.h"
  36 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
  37 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
  38 #include "qemu/option.h"
  39 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  40 #include "qapi/qmp/types.h"
  41 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
  42 #include "block/block_int.h"
  43 #include "qmp-commands.h"
  44 #include "trace.h"
  45 #include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
  46
  47 static QTAILQ_HEAD(drivelist, DriveInfo) drives = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(drives);
  48 extern QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts;
  49
  50 static const char *const if_name[IF_COUNT] = {
  51     [IF_NONE] = "none",
  52     [IF_IDE] = "ide",
  53     [IF_SCSI] = "scsi",
  54     [IF_FLOPPY] = "floppy",
  55     [IF_PFLASH] = "pflash",
  56     [IF_MTD] = "mtd",
  57     [IF_SD] = "sd",
  58     [IF_VIRTIO] = "virtio",
  59     [IF_XEN] = "xen",
  60 };
  61
  62 static const int if_max_devs[IF_COUNT] = {
  63     /*
  64      * Do not change these numbers!  They govern how drive option
  65      * index maps to unit and bus.  That mapping is ABI.
  66      *
  67      * All controllers used to imlement if=T drives need to support
  68      * if_max_devs[T] units, for any T with if_max_devs[T] != 0.
  69      * Otherwise, some index values map to "impossible" bus, unit
  70      * values.
  71      *
  72      * For instance, if you change [IF_SCSI] to 255, -drive
  73      * if=scsi,index=12 no longer means bus=1,unit=5, but
  74      * bus=0,unit=12.  With an lsi53c895a controller (7 units max),
  75      * the drive can't be set up.  Regression.
  76      */
  77     [IF_IDE] = 2,
  78     [IF_SCSI] = 7,
  79 };
  80
  81 /*
  82  * We automatically delete the drive when a device using it gets
  83  * unplugged.  Questionable feature, but we can't just drop it.
  84  * Device models call blockdev_mark_auto_del() to schedule the
  85  * automatic deletion, and generic qdev code calls blockdev_auto_del()
  86  * when deletion is actually safe.
  87  */
  88 void blockdev_mark_auto_del(BlockDriverState *bs)
  89 {
  90     DriveInfo *dinfo = drive_get_by_blockdev(bs);
  91
  92     if (bs->job) {
  93         block_job_cancel(bs->job);
  94     }
  95     if (dinfo) {
  96         dinfo->auto_del = 1;
  97     }
  98 }
  99
 100 void blockdev_auto_del(BlockDriverState *bs)
 101 {
 102     DriveInfo *dinfo = drive_get_by_blockdev(bs);
 103
 104     if (dinfo && dinfo->auto_del) {
 105         drive_put_ref(dinfo);
 106     }
 107 }
 108
 109 static int drive_index_to_bus_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
 110 {
 111     int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
 112     return max_devs ? index / max_devs : 0;
 113 }
 114
 115 static int drive_index_to_unit_id(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
 116 {
 117     int max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
 118     return max_devs ? index % max_devs : index;
 119 }
 120
 121 QemuOpts *drive_def(const char *optstr)
 122 {
 123     return qemu_opts_parse(qemu_find_opts("drive"), optstr, 0);
 124 }
 125
 126 QemuOpts *drive_add(BlockInterfaceType type, int index, const char *file,
 127                     const char *optstr)
 128 {
 129     QemuOpts *opts;
 130     char buf[32];
 131
 132     opts = drive_def(optstr);
 133     if (!opts) {
 134         return NULL;
 135     }
 136     if (type != IF_DEFAULT) {
 137         qemu_opt_set(opts, "if", if_name[type]);
 138     }
 139     if (index >= 0) {
 140         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", index);
 141         qemu_opt_set(opts, "index", buf);
 142     }
 143     if (file)
 144         qemu_opt_set(opts, "file", file);
 145     return opts;
 146 }
 147
 148 DriveInfo *drive_get(BlockInterfaceType type, int bus, int unit)
 149 {
 150     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 151
 152     /* seek interface, bus and unit */
 153
 154     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
 155         if (dinfo->type == type &&
 156             dinfo->bus == bus &&
 157             dinfo->unit == unit)
 158             return dinfo;
 159     }
 160
 161     return NULL;
 162 }
 163
 164 DriveInfo *drive_get_by_index(BlockInterfaceType type, int index)
 165 {
 166     return drive_get(type,
 167                      drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index),
 168                      drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index));
 169 }
 170
 171 int drive_get_max_bus(BlockInterfaceType type)
 172 {
 173     int max_bus;
 174     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 175
 176     max_bus = -1;
 177     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
 178         if(dinfo->type == type &&
 179            dinfo->bus > max_bus)
 180             max_bus = dinfo->bus;
 181     }
 182     return max_bus;
 183 }
 184
 185 /* Get a block device.  This should only be used for single-drive devices
 186    (e.g. SD/Floppy/MTD).  Multi-disk devices (scsi/ide) should use the
 187    appropriate bus.  */
 188 DriveInfo *drive_get_next(BlockInterfaceType type)
 189 {
 190     static int next_block_unit[IF_COUNT];
 191
 192     return drive_get(type, 0, next_block_unit[type]++);
 193 }
 194
 195 DriveInfo *drive_get_by_blockdev(BlockDriverState *bs)
 196 {
 197     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 198
 199     QTAILQ_FOREACH(dinfo, &drives, next) {
 200         if (dinfo->bdrv == bs) {
 201             return dinfo;
 202         }
 203     }
 204     return NULL;
 205 }
 206
 207 static void bdrv_format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
 208 {
 209     error_printf(" %s", name);
 210 }
 211
 212 static void drive_uninit(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 213 {
 214     qemu_opts_del(dinfo->opts);
 215     bdrv_unref(dinfo->bdrv);
 216     g_free(dinfo->id);
 217     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
 218     g_free(dinfo->serial);
 219     g_free(dinfo);
 220 }
 221
 222 void drive_put_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 223 {
 224     assert(dinfo->refcount);
 225     if (--dinfo->refcount == 0) {
 226         drive_uninit(dinfo);
 227     }
 228 }
 229
 230 void drive_get_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 231 {
 232     dinfo->refcount++;
 233 }
 234
 235 typedef struct {
 236     QEMUBH *bh;
 237     BlockDriverState *bs;
 238 } BDRVPutRefBH;
 239
 240 static void bdrv_put_ref_bh(void *opaque)
 241 {
 242     BDRVPutRefBH *s = opaque;
 243
 244     bdrv_unref(s->bs);
 245     qemu_bh_delete(s->bh);
 246     g_free(s);
 247 }
 248
 249 /*
 250  * Release a BDS reference in a BH
 251  *
 252  * It is not safe to use bdrv_unref() from a callback function when the callers
 253  * still need the BlockDriverState.  In such cases we schedule a BH to release
 254  * the reference.
 255  */
 256 static void bdrv_put_ref_bh_schedule(BlockDriverState *bs)
 257 {
 258     BDRVPutRefBH *s;
 259
 260     s = g_new(BDRVPutRefBH, 1);
 261     s->bh = qemu_bh_new(bdrv_put_ref_bh, s);
 262     s->bs = bs;
 263     qemu_bh_schedule(s->bh);
 264 }
 265
 266 static int parse_block_error_action(const char *buf, bool is_read)
 267 {
 268     if (!strcmp(buf, "ignore")) {
 269         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_IGNORE;
 270     } else if (!is_read && !strcmp(buf, "enospc")) {
 271         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
 272     } else if (!strcmp(buf, "stop")) {
 273         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_STOP;
 274     } else if (!strcmp(buf, "report")) {
 275         return BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
 276     } else {
 277         error_report("'%s' invalid %s error action",
 278                      buf, is_read ? "read" : "write");
 279         return -1;
 280     }
 281 }
 282
 283 static bool check_throttle_config(ThrottleConfig *cfg, Error **errp)
 284 {
 285     if (throttle_conflicting(cfg)) {
 286         error_setg(errp, "bps/iops/max total values and read/write values"
 287                          " cannot be used at the same time");
 288         return false;
 289     }
 290
 291     if (!throttle_is_valid(cfg)) {
 292         error_setg(errp, "bps/iops/maxs values must be 0 or greater");
 293         return false;
 294     }
 295
 296     return true;
 297 }
 298
 299 static DriveInfo *blockdev_init(QemuOpts *all_opts,
 300                                 BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 301 {
 302     const char *buf;
 303     const char *file = NULL;
 304     const char *serial;
 305     const char *mediastr = "";
 306     BlockInterfaceType type;
 307     enum { MEDIA_DISK, MEDIA_CDROM } media;
 308     int bus_id, unit_id;
 309     int cyls, heads, secs, translation;
 310     int max_devs;
 311     int index;
 312     int ro = 0;
 313     int bdrv_flags = 0;
 314     int on_read_error, on_write_error;
 315     const char *devaddr;
 316     DriveInfo *dinfo;
 317     ThrottleConfig cfg;
 318     int snapshot = 0;
 319     bool copy_on_read;
 320     int ret;
 321     Error *error = NULL;
 322     QemuOpts *opts;
 323     QDict *bs_opts;
 324     const char *id;
 325     bool has_driver_specific_opts;
 326     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
 327
 328     translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
 329     media = MEDIA_DISK;
 330
 331     /* Check common options by copying from all_opts to opts, all other options
 332      * are stored in bs_opts. */
 333     id = qemu_opts_id(all_opts);
 334     opts = qemu_opts_create(&qemu_common_drive_opts, id, 1, &error);
 335     if (error_is_set(&error)) {
 336         qerror_report_err(error);
 337         error_free(error);
 338         return NULL;
 339     }
 340
 341     bs_opts = qdict_new();
 342     qemu_opts_to_qdict(all_opts, bs_opts);
 343     qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(opts, bs_opts, &error);
 344     if (error_is_set(&error)) {
 345         qerror_report_err(error);
 346         error_free(error);
 347         return NULL;
 348     }
 349
 350     if (id) {
 351         qdict_del(bs_opts, "id");
 352     }
 353
 354     has_driver_specific_opts = !!qdict_size(bs_opts);
 355
 356     /* extract parameters */
 357     bus_id  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bus", 0);
 358     unit_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "unit", -1);
 359     index   = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "index", -1);
 360
 361     cyls  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "cyls", 0);
 362     heads = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "heads", 0);
 363     secs  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "secs", 0);
 364
 365     snapshot = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "snapshot", 0);
 366     ro = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "read-only", 0);
 367     copy_on_read = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "copy-on-read", false);
 368
 369     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
 370     serial = qemu_opt_get(opts, "serial");
 371
 372     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "if")) != NULL) {
 373         for (type = 0; type < IF_COUNT && strcmp(buf, if_name[type]); type++)
 374             ;
 375         if (type == IF_COUNT) {
 376             error_report("unsupported bus type '%s'", buf);
 377             return NULL;
 378         }
 379     } else {
 380         type = block_default_type;
 381     }
 382
 383     max_devs = if_max_devs[type];
 384
 385     if (cyls || heads || secs) {
 386         if (cyls < 1) {
 387             error_report("invalid physical cyls number");
 388             return NULL;
 389         }
 390         if (heads < 1) {
 391             error_report("invalid physical heads number");
 392             return NULL;
 393         }
 394         if (secs < 1) {
 395             error_report("invalid physical secs number");
 396             return NULL;
 397         }
 398     }
 399
 400     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "trans")) != NULL) {
 401         if (!cyls) {
 402             error_report("'%s' trans must be used with cyls, heads and secs",
 403                          buf);
 404             return NULL;
 405         }
 406         if (!strcmp(buf, "none"))
 407             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_NONE;
 408         else if (!strcmp(buf, "lba"))
 409             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_LBA;
 410         else if (!strcmp(buf, "auto"))
 411             translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
 412         else {
 413             error_report("'%s' invalid translation type", buf);
 414             return NULL;
 415         }
 416     }
 417
 418     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "media")) != NULL) {
 419         if (!strcmp(buf, "disk")) {
 420             media = MEDIA_DISK;
 421         } else if (!strcmp(buf, "cdrom")) {
 422             if (cyls || secs || heads) {
 423                 error_report("CHS can't be set with media=%s", buf);
 424                 return NULL;
 425             }
 426             media = MEDIA_CDROM;
 427         } else {
 428             error_report("'%s' invalid media", buf);
 429             return NULL;
 430         }
 431     }
 432
 433     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "discard")) != NULL) {
 434         if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(buf, &bdrv_flags) != 0) {
 435             error_report("invalid discard option");
 436             return NULL;
 437         }
 438     }
 439
 440     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.writeback", true)) {
 441         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
 442     }
 443     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.direct", false)) {
 444         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 445     }
 446     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.no-flush", true)) {
 447         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH;
 448     }
 449
 450 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
 451     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "aio")) != NULL) {
 452         if (!strcmp(buf, "native")) {
 453             bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 454         } else if (!strcmp(buf, "threads")) {
 455             /* this is the default */
 456         } else {
 457            error_report("invalid aio option");
 458            return NULL;
 459         }
 460     }
 461 #endif
 462
 463     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "format")) != NULL) {
 464         if (is_help_option(buf)) {
 465             error_printf("Supported formats:");
 466             bdrv_iterate_format(bdrv_format_print, NULL);
 467             error_printf("\n");
 468             return NULL;
 469         }
 470
 471         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, ro);
 472         if (!drv) {
 473             if (!ro && bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, !ro)) {
 474                 error_report("'%s' can be only used as read-only device.", buf);
 475             } else {
 476                 error_report("'%s' invalid format", buf);
 477             }
 478             return NULL;
 479         }
 480     }
 481
 482     /* disk I/O throttling */
 483     memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
 484     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].avg =
 485         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total", 0);
 486     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].avg  =
 487         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read", 0);
 488     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg =
 489         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write", 0);
 490     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].avg =
 491         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total", 0);
 492     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].avg =
 493         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read", 0);
 494     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].avg =
 495         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write", 0);
 496
 497     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].max =
 498         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total-max", 0);
 499     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].max  =
 500         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read-max", 0);
 501     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].max =
 502         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write-max", 0);
 503     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].max =
 504         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total-max", 0);
 505     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].max =
 506         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read-max", 0);
 507     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].max =
 508         qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write-max", 0);
 509
 510     cfg.op_size = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-size", 0);
 511
 512     if (!check_throttle_config(&cfg, &error)) {
 513         error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(error));
 514         error_free(error);
 515         return NULL;
 516     }
 517
 518     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "boot") != NULL) {
 519         fprintf(stderr, "qemu-kvm: boot=on|off is deprecated and will be "
 520                 "ignored. Future versions will reject this parameter. Please "
 521                 "update your scripts.\n");
 522     }
 523
 524     on_write_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_ENOSPC;
 525     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "werror")) != NULL) {
 526         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_NONE) {
 527             error_report("werror is not supported by this bus type");
 528             return NULL;
 529         }
 530
 531         on_write_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 0);
 532         if (on_write_error < 0) {
 533             return NULL;
 534         }
 535     }
 536
 537     on_read_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
 538     if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "rerror")) != NULL) {
 539         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_NONE) {
 540             error_report("rerror is not supported by this bus type");
 541             return NULL;
 542         }
 543
 544         on_read_error = parse_block_error_action(buf, 1);
 545         if (on_read_error < 0) {
 546             return NULL;
 547         }
 548     }
 549
 550     if ((devaddr = qemu_opt_get(opts, "addr")) != NULL) {
 551         if (type != IF_VIRTIO) {
 552             error_report("addr is not supported by this bus type");
 553             return NULL;
 554         }
 555     }
 556
 557     /* compute bus and unit according index */
 558
 559     if (index != -1) {
 560         if (bus_id != 0 || unit_id != -1) {
 561             error_report("index cannot be used with bus and unit");
 562             return NULL;
 563         }
 564         bus_id = drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index);
 565         unit_id = drive_index_to_unit_id(type, index);
 566     }
 567
 568     /* if user doesn't specify a unit_id,
 569      * try to find the first free
 570      */
 571
 572     if (unit_id == -1) {
 573        unit_id = 0;
 574        while (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
 575            unit_id++;
 576            if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
 577                unit_id -= max_devs;
 578                bus_id++;
 579            }
 580        }
 581     }
 582
 583     /* check unit id */
 584
 585     if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
 586         error_report("unit %d too big (max is %d)",
 587                      unit_id, max_devs - 1);
 588         return NULL;
 589     }
 590
 591     /*
 592      * catch multiple definitions
 593      */
 594
 595     if (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
 596         error_report("drive with bus=%d, unit=%d (index=%d) exists",
 597                      bus_id, unit_id, index);
 598         return NULL;
 599     }
 600
 601     /* init */
 602
 603     dinfo = g_malloc0(sizeof(*dinfo));
 604     if ((buf = qemu_opts_id(opts)) != NULL) {
 605         dinfo->id = g_strdup(buf);
 606     } else {
 607         /* no id supplied -> create one */
 608         dinfo->id = g_malloc0(32);
 609         if (type == IF_IDE || type == IF_SCSI)
 610             mediastr = (media == MEDIA_CDROM) ? "-cd" : "-hd";
 611         if (max_devs)
 612             snprintf(dinfo->id, 32, "%s%i%s%i",
 613                      if_name[type], bus_id, mediastr, unit_id);
 614         else
 615             snprintf(dinfo->id, 32, "%s%s%i",
 616                      if_name[type], mediastr, unit_id);
 617     }
 618     dinfo->bdrv = bdrv_new(dinfo->id);
 619     dinfo->bdrv->open_flags = snapshot ? BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT : 0;
 620     dinfo->bdrv->read_only = ro;
 621     dinfo->devaddr = devaddr;
 622     dinfo->type = type;
 623     dinfo->bus = bus_id;
 624     dinfo->unit = unit_id;
 625     dinfo->cyls = cyls;
 626     dinfo->heads = heads;
 627     dinfo->secs = secs;
 628     dinfo->trans = translation;
 629     dinfo->opts = all_opts;
 630     dinfo->refcount = 1;
 631     if (serial != NULL) {
 632         dinfo->serial = g_strdup(serial);
 633     }
 634     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&drives, dinfo, next);
 635
 636     bdrv_set_on_error(dinfo->bdrv, on_read_error, on_write_error);
 637
 638     /* disk I/O throttling */
 639     if (throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
 640         bdrv_io_limits_enable(dinfo->bdrv);
 641         bdrv_set_io_limits(dinfo->bdrv, &cfg);
 642     }
 643
 644     switch(type) {
 645     case IF_IDE:
 646     case IF_SCSI:
 647     case IF_XEN:
 648     case IF_NONE:
 649         dinfo->media_cd = media == MEDIA_CDROM;
 650         break;
 651     case IF_SD:
 652     case IF_FLOPPY:
 653     case IF_PFLASH:
 654     case IF_MTD:
 655         break;
 656     case IF_VIRTIO:
 657     {
 658         /* add virtio block device */
 659         QemuOpts *devopts;
 660         devopts = qemu_opts_create_nofail(qemu_find_opts("device"));
 661         if (arch_type == QEMU_ARCH_S390X) {
 662             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-s390");
 663         } else {
 664             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "driver", "virtio-blk-pci");
 665         }
 666         qemu_opt_set(devopts, "drive", dinfo->id);
 667         if (devaddr)
 668             qemu_opt_set(devopts, "addr", devaddr);
 669         break;
 670     }
 671     default:
 672         abort();
 673     }
 674     if (!file || !*file) {
 675         if (has_driver_specific_opts) {
 676             file = NULL;
 677         } else {
 678             return dinfo;
 679         }
 680     }
 681     if (snapshot) {
 682         /* always use cache=unsafe with snapshot */
 683         bdrv_flags &= ~BDRV_O_CACHE_MASK;
 684         bdrv_flags |= (BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT|BDRV_O_CACHE_WB|BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH);
 685     }
 686
 687     if (copy_on_read) {
 688         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 689     }
 690
 691     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
 692         bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_INCOMING;
 693     }
 694
 695     if (media == MEDIA_CDROM) {
 696         /* CDROM is fine for any interface, don't check.  */
 697         ro = 1;
 698     } else if (ro == 1) {
 699         if (type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_FLOPPY &&
 700             type != IF_NONE && type != IF_PFLASH) {
 701             error_report("read-only not supported by this bus type");
 702             goto err;
 703         }
 704     }
 705
 706     bdrv_flags |= ro ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
 707
 708     if (ro && copy_on_read) {
 709         error_report("warning: disabling copy_on_read on read-only drive");
 710     }
 711
 712     QINCREF(bs_opts);
 713     ret = bdrv_open(dinfo->bdrv, file, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, drv);
 714
 715     if (ret < 0) {
 716         if (ret == -EMEDIUMTYPE) {
 717             error_report("could not open disk image %s: not in %s format",
 718                          file ?: dinfo->id, drv ? drv->format_name :
 719                          qdict_get_str(bs_opts, "driver"));
 720         } else {
 721             error_report("could not open disk image %s: %s",
 722                          file ?: dinfo->id, strerror(-ret));
 723         }
 724         goto err;
 725     }
 726
 727     if (bdrv_key_required(dinfo->bdrv))
 728         autostart = 0;
 729
 730     QDECREF(bs_opts);
 731     qemu_opts_del(opts);
 732
 733     return dinfo;
 734
 735 err:
 736     qemu_opts_del(opts);
 737     QDECREF(bs_opts);
 738     bdrv_unref(dinfo->bdrv);
 739     g_free(dinfo->id);
 740     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
 741     g_free(dinfo);
 742     return NULL;
 743 }
 744
 745 static void qemu_opt_rename(QemuOpts *opts, const char *from, const char *to)
 746 {
 747     const char *value;
 748
 749     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, from);
 750     if (value) {
 751         qemu_opt_set(opts, to, value);
 752         qemu_opt_unset(opts, from);
 753     }
 754 }
 755
 756 DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 757 {
 758     const char *value;
 759
 760     /* Change legacy command line options into QMP ones */
 761     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops", "throttling.iops-total");
 762     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_rd", "throttling.iops-read");
 763     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_wr", "throttling.iops-write");
 764
 765     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps", "throttling.bps-total");
 766     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_rd", "throttling.bps-read");
 767     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_wr", "throttling.bps-write");
 768
 769     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_max", "throttling.iops-total-max");
 770     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_rd_max", "throttling.iops-read-max");
 771     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_wr_max", "throttling.iops-write-max");
 772
 773     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_max", "throttling.bps-total-max");
 774     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_rd_max", "throttling.bps-read-max");
 775     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_wr_max", "throttling.bps-write-max");
 776
 777     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts,
 778                     "iops_size", "throttling.iops-size");
 779
 780     qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "readonly", "read-only");
 781
 782     value = qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache");
 783     if (value) {
 784         int flags = 0;
 785
 786         if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(value, &flags) != 0) {
 787             error_report("invalid cache option");
 788             return NULL;
 789         }
 790
 791         /* Specific options take precedence */
 792         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.writeback")) {
 793             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.writeback",
 794                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_CACHE_WB));
 795         }
 796         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.direct")) {
 797             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.direct",
 798                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE));
 799         }
 800         if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.no-flush")) {
 801             qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.no-flush",
 802                               !!(flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH));
 803         }
 804         qemu_opt_unset(all_opts, "cache");
 805     }
 806
 807     return blockdev_init(all_opts, block_default_type);
 808 }
 809
 810 void do_commit(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 811 {
 812     const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
 813     BlockDriverState *bs;
 814     int ret;
 815
 816     if (!strcmp(device, "all")) {
 817         ret = bdrv_commit_all();
 818     } else {
 819         bs = bdrv_find(device);
 820         if (!bs) {
 821             monitor_printf(mon, "Device '%s' not found\n", device);
 822             return;
 823         }
 824         ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
 825     }
 826     if (ret < 0) {
 827         monitor_printf(mon, "'commit' error for '%s': %s\n", device,
 828                        strerror(-ret));
 829     }
 830 }
 831
 832 static void blockdev_do_action(int kind, void *data, Error **errp)
 833 {
 834     TransactionAction action;
 835     TransactionActionList list;
 836
 837     action.kind = kind;
 838     action.data = data;
 839     list.value = &action;
 840     list.next = NULL;
 841     qmp_transaction(&list, errp);
 842 }
 843
 844 void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_sync(const char *device, const char *snapshot_file,
 845                                 bool has_format, const char *format,
 846                                 bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
 847                                 Error **errp)
 848 {
 849     BlockdevSnapshot snapshot = {
 850         .device = (char *) device,
 851         .snapshot_file = (char *) snapshot_file,
 852         .has_format = has_format,
 853         .format = (char *) format,
 854         .has_mode = has_mode,
 855         .mode = mode,
 856     };
 857     blockdev_do_action(TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC,
 858                        &snapshot, errp);
 859 }
 860
 861
 862 /* New and old BlockDriverState structs for group snapshots */
 863
 864 typedef struct BlkTransactionState BlkTransactionState;
 865
 866 /* Only prepare() may fail. In a single transaction, only one of commit() or
 867    abort() will be called, clean() will always be called if it present. */
 868 typedef struct BdrvActionOps {
 869     /* Size of state struct, in bytes. */
 870     size_t instance_size;
 871     /* Prepare the work, must NOT be NULL. */
 872     void (*prepare)(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp);
 873     /* Commit the changes, can be NULL. */
 874     void (*commit)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 875     /* Abort the changes on fail, can be NULL. */
 876     void (*abort)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 877     /* Clean up resource in the end, can be NULL. */
 878     void (*clean)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 879 } BdrvActionOps;
 880
 881 /*
 882  * This structure must be arranged as first member in child type, assuming
 883  * that compiler will also arrange it to the same address with parent instance.
 884  * Later it will be used in free().
 885  */
 886 struct BlkTransactionState {
 887     TransactionAction *action;
 888     const BdrvActionOps *ops;
 889     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlkTransactionState) entry;
 890 };
 891
 892 /* internal snapshot private data */
 893 typedef struct InternalSnapshotState {
 894     BlkTransactionState common;
 895     BlockDriverState *bs;
 896     QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
 897 } InternalSnapshotState;
 898
 899 static void internal_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common,
 900                                       Error **errp)
 901 {
 902     const char *device;
 903     const char *name;
 904     BlockDriverState *bs;
 905     QEMUSnapshotInfo old_sn, *sn;
 906     bool ret;
 907     qemu_timeval tv;
 908     BlockdevSnapshotInternal *internal;
 909     InternalSnapshotState *state;
 910     int ret1;
 911
 912     g_assert(common->action->kind ==
 913              TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC);
 914     internal = common->action->blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync;
 915     state = DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState, common, common);
 916
 917     /* 1. parse input */
 918     device = internal->device;
 919     name = internal->name;
 920
 921     /* 2. check for validation */
 922     bs = bdrv_find(device);
 923     if (!bs) {
 924         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
 925         return;
 926     }
 927
 928     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
 929         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
 930         return;
 931     }
 932
 933     if (bdrv_is_read_only(bs)) {
 934         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IS_READ_ONLY, device);
 935         return;
 936     }
 937
 938     if (!bdrv_can_snapshot(bs)) {
 939         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_FORMAT_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
 940                   bs->drv->format_name, device, "internal snapshot");
 941         return;
 942     }
 943
 944     if (!strlen(name)) {
 945         error_setg(errp, "Name is empty");
 946         return;
 947     }
 948
 949     /* check whether a snapshot with name exist */
 950     ret = bdrv_snapshot_find_by_id_and_name(bs, NULL, name, &old_sn, errp);
 951     if (error_is_set(errp)) {
 952         return;
 953     } else if (ret) {
 954         error_setg(errp,
 955                    "Snapshot with name '%s' already exists on device '%s'",
 956                    name, device);
 957         return;
 958     }
 959
 960     /* 3. take the snapshot */
 961     sn = &state->sn;
 962     pstrcpy(sn->name, sizeof(sn->name), name);
 963     qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
 964     sn->date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
 965     sn->date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
 966     sn->vm_clock_nsec = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
 967
 968     ret1 = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, sn);
 969     if (ret1 < 0) {
 970         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret1,
 971                          "Failed to create snapshot '%s' on device '%s'",
 972                          name, device);
 973         return;
 974     }
 975
 976     /* 4. succeed, mark a snapshot is created */
 977     state->bs = bs;
 978 }
 979
 980 static void internal_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
 981 {
 982     InternalSnapshotState *state =
 983                              DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState, common, common);
 984     BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
 985     QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn = &state->sn;
 986     Error *local_error = NULL;
 987
 988     if (!bs) {
 989         return;
 990     }
 991
 992     if (bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn->id_str, sn->name, &local_error) < 0) {
 993         error_report("Failed to delete snapshot with id '%s' and name '%s' on "
 994                      "device '%s' in abort: %s",
 995                      sn->id_str,
 996                      sn->name,
 997                      bdrv_get_device_name(bs),
 998                      error_get_pretty(local_error));
 999         error_free(local_error);
1000     }
1001 }
1002
1003 /* external snapshot private data */
1004 typedef struct ExternalSnapshotState {
1005     BlkTransactionState common;
1006     BlockDriverState *old_bs;
1007     BlockDriverState *new_bs;
1008 } ExternalSnapshotState;
1009
1010 static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common,
1011                                       Error **errp)
1012 {
1013     BlockDriver *drv;
1014     int flags, ret;
1015     Error *local_err = NULL;
1016     const char *device;
1017     const char *new_image_file;
1018     const char *format = "qcow2";
1019     enum NewImageMode mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1020     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
1021                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
1022     TransactionAction *action = common->action;
1023
1024     /* get parameters */
1025     g_assert(action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC);
1026
1027     device = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->device;
1028     new_image_file = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->snapshot_file;
1029     if (action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->has_format) {
1030         format = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->format;
1031     }
1032     if (action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->has_mode) {
1033         mode = action->blockdev_snapshot_sync->mode;
1034     }
1035
1036     /* start processing */
1037     drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1038     if (!drv) {
1039         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1040         return;
1041     }
1042
1043     state->old_bs = bdrv_find(device);
1044     if (!state->old_bs) {
1045         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1046         return;
1047     }
1048
1049     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(state->old_bs)) {
1050         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1051         return;
1052     }
1053
1054     if (bdrv_in_use(state->old_bs)) {
1055         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1056         return;
1057     }
1058
1059     if (!bdrv_is_read_only(state->old_bs)) {
1060         if (bdrv_flush(state->old_bs)) {
1061             error_set(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
1062             return;
1063         }
1064     }
1065
1066     flags = state->old_bs->open_flags;
1067
1068     /* create new image w/backing file */
1069     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1070         bdrv_img_create(new_image_file, format,
1071                         state->old_bs->filename,
1072                         state->old_bs->drv->format_name,
1073                         NULL, -1, flags, &local_err, false);
1074         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1075             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1076             return;
1077         }
1078     }
1079
1080     /* We will manually add the backing_hd field to the bs later */
1081     state->new_bs = bdrv_new("");
1082     /* TODO Inherit bs->options or only take explicit options with an
1083      * extended QMP command? */
1084     ret = bdrv_open(state->new_bs, new_image_file, NULL,
1085                     flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
1086     if (ret != 0) {
1087         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, new_image_file);
1088     }
1089 }
1090
1091 static void external_snapshot_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
1092 {
1093     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
1094                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
1095
1096     /* This removes our old bs and adds the new bs */
1097     bdrv_append(state->new_bs, state->old_bs);
1098     /* We don't need (or want) to use the transactional
1099      * bdrv_reopen_multiple() across all the entries at once, because we
1100      * don't want to abort all of them if one of them fails the reopen */
1101     bdrv_reopen(state->new_bs, state->new_bs->open_flags & ~BDRV_O_RDWR,
1102                 NULL);
1103 }
1104
1105 static void external_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
1106 {
1107     ExternalSnapshotState *state =
1108                              DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
1109     if (state->new_bs) {
1110         bdrv_unref(state->new_bs);
1111     }
1112 }
1113
1114 typedef struct DriveBackupState {
1115     BlkTransactionState common;
1116     BlockDriverState *bs;
1117     BlockJob *job;
1118 } DriveBackupState;
1119
1120 static void drive_backup_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
1121 {
1122     DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
1123     DriveBackup *backup;
1124     Error *local_err = NULL;
1125
1126     assert(common->action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP);
1127     backup = common->action->drive_backup;
1128
1129     qmp_drive_backup(backup->device, backup->target,
1130                      backup->has_format, backup->format,
1131                      backup->sync,
1132                      backup->has_mode, backup->mode,
1133                      backup->has_speed, backup->speed,
1134                      backup->has_on_source_error, backup->on_source_error,
1135                      backup->has_on_target_error, backup->on_target_error,
1136                      &local_err);
1137     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1138         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1139         state->bs = NULL;
1140         state->job = NULL;
1141         return;
1142     }
1143
1144     state->bs = bdrv_find(backup->device);
1145     state->job = state->bs->job;
1146 }
1147
1148 static void drive_backup_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
1149 {
1150     DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
1151     BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
1152
1153     /* Only cancel if it's the job we started */
1154     if (bs && bs->job && bs->job == state->job) {
1155         block_job_cancel_sync(bs->job);
1156     }
1157 }
1158
1159 static void abort_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
1160 {
1161     error_setg(errp, "Transaction aborted using Abort action");
1162 }
1163
1164 static void abort_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
1165 {
1166     g_assert_not_reached(); /* this action never succeeds */
1167 }
1168
1169 static const BdrvActionOps actions[] = {
1170     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC] = {
1171         .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotState),
1172         .prepare  = external_snapshot_prepare,
1173         .commit   = external_snapshot_commit,
1174         .abort = external_snapshot_abort,
1175     },
1176     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP] = {
1177         .instance_size = sizeof(DriveBackupState),
1178         .prepare = drive_backup_prepare,
1179         .abort = drive_backup_abort,
1180     },
1181     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_ABORT] = {
1182         .instance_size = sizeof(BlkTransactionState),
1183         .prepare = abort_prepare,
1184         .commit = abort_commit,
1185     },
1186     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC] = {
1187         .instance_size = sizeof(InternalSnapshotState),
1188         .prepare  = internal_snapshot_prepare,
1189         .abort = internal_snapshot_abort,
1190     },
1191 };
1192
1193 /*
1194  * 'Atomic' group snapshots.  The snapshots are taken as a set, and if any fail
1195  *  then we do not pivot any of the devices in the group, and abandon the
1196  *  snapshots
1197  */
1198 void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list, Error **errp)
1199 {
1200     TransactionActionList *dev_entry = dev_list;
1201     BlkTransactionState *state, *next;
1202     Error *local_err = NULL;
1203
1204     QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(snap_bdrv_states, BlkTransactionState) snap_bdrv_states;
1205     QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&snap_bdrv_states);
1206
1207     /* drain all i/o before any snapshots */
1208     bdrv_drain_all();
1209
1210     /* We don't do anything in this loop that commits us to the snapshot */
1211     while (NULL != dev_entry) {
1212         TransactionAction *dev_info = NULL;
1213         const BdrvActionOps *ops;
1214
1215         dev_info = dev_entry->value;
1216         dev_entry = dev_entry->next;
1217
1218         assert(dev_info->kind < ARRAY_SIZE(actions));
1219
1220         ops = &actions[dev_info->kind];
1221         state = g_malloc0(ops->instance_size);
1222         state->ops = ops;
1223         state->action = dev_info;
1224         QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&snap_bdrv_states, state, entry);
1225
1226         state->ops->prepare(state, &local_err);
1227         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1228             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1229             goto delete_and_fail;
1230         }
1231     }
1232
1233     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
1234         if (state->ops->commit) {
1235             state->ops->commit(state);
1236         }
1237     }
1238
1239     /* success */
1240     goto exit;
1241
1242 delete_and_fail:
1243     /*
1244     * failure, and it is all-or-none; abandon each new bs, and keep using
1245     * the original bs for all images
1246     */
1247     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
1248         if (state->ops->abort) {
1249             state->ops->abort(state);
1250         }
1251     }
1252 exit:
1253     QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry, next) {
1254         if (state->ops->clean) {
1255             state->ops->clean(state);
1256         }
1257         g_free(state);
1258     }
1259 }
1260
1261
1262 static void eject_device(BlockDriverState *bs, int force, Error **errp)
1263 {
1264     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1265         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1266         return;
1267     }
1268     if (!bdrv_dev_has_removable_media(bs)) {
1269         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_REMOVABLE, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1270         return;
1271     }
1272
1273     if (bdrv_dev_is_medium_locked(bs) && !bdrv_dev_is_tray_open(bs)) {
1274         bdrv_dev_eject_request(bs, force);
1275         if (!force) {
1276             error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_LOCKED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1277             return;
1278         }
1279     }
1280
1281     bdrv_close(bs);
1282 }
1283
1284 void qmp_eject(const char *device, bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
1285 {
1286     BlockDriverState *bs;
1287
1288     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1289     if (!bs) {
1290         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1291         return;
1292     }
1293
1294     eject_device(bs, force, errp);
1295 }
1296
1297 void qmp_block_passwd(const char *device, const char *password, Error **errp)
1298 {
1299     BlockDriverState *bs;
1300     int err;
1301
1302     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1303     if (!bs) {
1304         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1305         return;
1306     }
1307
1308     err = bdrv_set_key(bs, password);
1309     if (err == -EINVAL) {
1310         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1311         return;
1312     } else if (err < 0) {
1313         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PASSWORD);
1314         return;
1315     }
1316 }
1317
1318 static void qmp_bdrv_open_encrypted(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *filename,
1319                                     int bdrv_flags, BlockDriver *drv,
1320                                     const char *password, Error **errp)
1321 {
1322     int ret;
1323
1324     ret = bdrv_open(bs, filename, NULL, bdrv_flags, drv);
1325     if (ret < 0) {
1326         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, filename);
1327         return;
1328     }
1329
1330     if (bdrv_key_required(bs)) {
1331         if (password) {
1332             if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0) {
1333                 error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PASSWORD);
1334             }
1335         } else {
1336             error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs),
1337                       bdrv_get_encrypted_filename(bs));
1338         }
1339     } else if (password) {
1340         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_ENCRYPTED, bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
1341     }
1342 }
1343
1344 void qmp_change_blockdev(const char *device, const char *filename,
1345                          bool has_format, const char *format, Error **errp)
1346 {
1347     BlockDriverState *bs;
1348     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1349     int bdrv_flags;
1350     Error *err = NULL;
1351
1352     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1353     if (!bs) {
1354         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1355         return;
1356     }
1357
1358     if (format) {
1359         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(format, bs->read_only);
1360         if (!drv) {
1361             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1362             return;
1363         }
1364     }
1365
1366     eject_device(bs, 0, &err);
1367     if (error_is_set(&err)) {
1368         error_propagate(errp, err);
1369         return;
1370     }
1371
1372     bdrv_flags = bdrv_is_read_only(bs) ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
1373     bdrv_flags |= bdrv_is_snapshot(bs) ? BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT : 0;
1374
1375     qmp_bdrv_open_encrypted(bs, filename, bdrv_flags, drv, NULL, errp);
1376 }
1377
1378 /* throttling disk I/O limits */
1379 void qmp_block_set_io_throttle(const char *device, int64_t bps, int64_t bps_rd,
1380                                int64_t bps_wr,
1381                                int64_t iops,
1382                                int64_t iops_rd,
1383                                int64_t iops_wr,
1384                                bool has_bps_max,
1385                                int64_t bps_max,
1386                                bool has_bps_rd_max,
1387                                int64_t bps_rd_max,
1388                                bool has_bps_wr_max,
1389                                int64_t bps_wr_max,
1390                                bool has_iops_max,
1391                                int64_t iops_max,
1392                                bool has_iops_rd_max,
1393                                int64_t iops_rd_max,
1394                                bool has_iops_wr_max,
1395                                int64_t iops_wr_max,
1396                                bool has_iops_size,
1397                                int64_t iops_size, Error **errp)
1398 {
1399     ThrottleConfig cfg;
1400     BlockDriverState *bs;
1401
1402     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1403     if (!bs) {
1404         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1405         return;
1406     }
1407
1408     memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
1409     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].avg = bps;
1410     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].avg  = bps_rd;
1411     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg = bps_wr;
1412
1413     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].avg = iops;
1414     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].avg  = iops_rd;
1415     cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].avg = iops_wr;
1416
1417     if (has_bps_max) {
1418         cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].max = bps_max;
1419     }
1420     if (has_bps_rd_max) {
1421         cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].max = bps_rd_max;
1422     }
1423     if (has_bps_wr_max) {
1424         cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].max = bps_wr_max;
1425     }
1426     if (has_iops_max) {
1427         cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].max = iops_max;
1428     }
1429     if (has_iops_rd_max) {
1430         cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].max = iops_rd_max;
1431     }
1432     if (has_iops_wr_max) {
1433         cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].max = iops_wr_max;
1434     }
1435
1436     if (has_iops_size) {
1437         cfg.op_size = iops_size;
1438     }
1439
1440     if (!check_throttle_config(&cfg, errp)) {
1441         return;
1442     }
1443
1444     if (!bs->io_limits_enabled && throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
1445         bdrv_io_limits_enable(bs);
1446     } else if (bs->io_limits_enabled && !throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
1447         bdrv_io_limits_disable(bs);
1448     }
1449
1450     if (bs->io_limits_enabled) {
1451         bdrv_set_io_limits(bs, &cfg);
1452     }
1453 }
1454
1455 int do_drive_del(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict, QObject **ret_data)
1456 {
1457     const char *id = qdict_get_str(qdict, "id");
1458     BlockDriverState *bs;
1459
1460     bs = bdrv_find(id);
1461     if (!bs) {
1462         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, id);
1463         return -1;
1464     }
1465     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1466         qerror_report(QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, id);
1467         return -1;
1468     }
1469
1470     /* quiesce block driver; prevent further io */
1471     bdrv_drain_all();
1472     bdrv_flush(bs);
1473     bdrv_close(bs);
1474
1475     /* if we have a device attached to this BlockDriverState
1476      * then we need to make the drive anonymous until the device
1477      * can be removed.  If this is a drive with no device backing
1478      * then we can just get rid of the block driver state right here.
1479      */
1480     if (bdrv_get_attached_dev(bs)) {
1481         bdrv_make_anon(bs);
1482
1483         /* Further I/O must not pause the guest */
1484         bdrv_set_on_error(bs, BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT,
1485                           BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT);
1486     } else {
1487         drive_uninit(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
1488     }
1489
1490     return 0;
1491 }
1492
1493 void qmp_block_resize(const char *device, int64_t size, Error **errp)
1494 {
1495     BlockDriverState *bs;
1496     int ret;
1497
1498     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1499     if (!bs) {
1500         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1501         return;
1502     }
1503
1504     if (size < 0) {
1505         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "size", "a >0 size");
1506         return;
1507     }
1508
1509     /* complete all in-flight operations before resizing the device */
1510     bdrv_drain_all();
1511
1512     ret = bdrv_truncate(bs, size);
1513     switch (ret) {
1514     case 0:
1515         break;
1516     case -ENOMEDIUM:
1517         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1518         break;
1519     case -ENOTSUP:
1520         error_set(errp, QERR_UNSUPPORTED);
1521         break;
1522     case -EACCES:
1523         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IS_READ_ONLY, device);
1524         break;
1525     case -EBUSY:
1526         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1527         break;
1528     default:
1529         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not resize");
1530         break;
1531     }
1532 }
1533
1534 static void block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
1535 {
1536     BlockDriverState *bs = opaque;
1537     QObject *obj;
1538
1539     trace_block_job_cb(bs, bs->job, ret);
1540
1541     assert(bs->job);
1542     obj = qobject_from_block_job(bs->job);
1543     if (ret < 0) {
1544         QDict *dict = qobject_to_qdict(obj);
1545         qdict_put(dict, "error", qstring_from_str(strerror(-ret)));
1546     }
1547
1548     if (block_job_is_cancelled(bs->job)) {
1549         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED, obj);
1550     } else {
1551         monitor_protocol_event(QEVENT_BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED, obj);
1552     }
1553     qobject_decref(obj);
1554
1555     bdrv_put_ref_bh_schedule(bs);
1556 }
1557
1558 void qmp_block_stream(const char *device, bool has_base,
1559                       const char *base, bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1560                       bool has_on_error, BlockdevOnError on_error,
1561                       Error **errp)
1562 {
1563     BlockDriverState *bs;
1564     BlockDriverState *base_bs = NULL;
1565     Error *local_err = NULL;
1566
1567     if (!has_on_error) {
1568         on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1569     }
1570
1571     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1572     if (!bs) {
1573         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1574         return;
1575     }
1576
1577     if (base) {
1578         base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, base);
1579         if (base_bs == NULL) {
1580             error_set(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base);
1581             return;
1582         }
1583     }
1584
1585     stream_start(bs, base_bs, base, has_speed ? speed : 0,
1586                  on_error, block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1587     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1588         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1589         return;
1590     }
1591
1592     trace_qmp_block_stream(bs, bs->job);
1593 }
1594
1595 void qmp_block_commit(const char *device,
1596                       bool has_base, const char *base, const char *top,
1597                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1598                       Error **errp)
1599 {
1600     BlockDriverState *bs;
1601     BlockDriverState *base_bs, *top_bs;
1602     Error *local_err = NULL;
1603     /* This will be part of the QMP command, if/when the
1604      * BlockdevOnError change for blkmirror makes it in
1605      */
1606     BlockdevOnError on_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1607
1608     /* drain all i/o before commits */
1609     bdrv_drain_all();
1610
1611     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1612     if (!bs) {
1613         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1614         return;
1615     }
1616
1617     /* default top_bs is the active layer */
1618     top_bs = bs;
1619
1620     if (top) {
1621         if (strcmp(bs->filename, top) != 0) {
1622             top_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(bs, top);
1623         }
1624     }
1625
1626     if (top_bs == NULL) {
1627         error_setg(errp, "Top image file %s not found", top ? top : "NULL");
1628         return;
1629     }
1630
1631     if (has_base && base) {
1632         base_bs = bdrv_find_backing_image(top_bs, base);
1633     } else {
1634         base_bs = bdrv_find_base(top_bs);
1635     }
1636
1637     if (base_bs == NULL) {
1638         error_set(errp, QERR_BASE_NOT_FOUND, base ? base : "NULL");
1639         return;
1640     }
1641
1642     commit_start(bs, base_bs, top_bs, speed, on_error, block_job_cb, bs,
1643                 &local_err);
1644     if (local_err != NULL) {
1645         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1646         return;
1647     }
1648 }
1649
1650 void qmp_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
1651                       bool has_format, const char *format,
1652                       enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
1653                       bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
1654                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1655                       bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
1656                       bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
1657                       Error **errp)
1658 {
1659     BlockDriverState *bs;
1660     BlockDriverState *target_bs;
1661     BlockDriverState *source = NULL;
1662     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1663     Error *local_err = NULL;
1664     int flags;
1665     int64_t size;
1666     int ret;
1667
1668     if (!has_speed) {
1669         speed = 0;
1670     }
1671     if (!has_on_source_error) {
1672         on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1673     }
1674     if (!has_on_target_error) {
1675         on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1676     }
1677     if (!has_mode) {
1678         mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1679     }
1680
1681     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1682     if (!bs) {
1683         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1684         return;
1685     }
1686
1687     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
1688         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1689         return;
1690     }
1691
1692     if (!has_format) {
1693         format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
1694     }
1695     if (format) {
1696         drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1697         if (!drv) {
1698             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1699             return;
1700         }
1701     }
1702
1703     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1704         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1705         return;
1706     }
1707
1708     flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1709
1710     /* See if we have a backing HD we can use to create our new image
1711      * on top of. */
1712     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
1713         source = bs->backing_hd;
1714         if (!source) {
1715             sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
1716         }
1717     }
1718     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
1719         source = bs;
1720     }
1721
1722     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1723     if (size < 0) {
1724         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
1725         return;
1726     }
1727
1728     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1729         assert(format && drv);
1730         if (source) {
1731             bdrv_img_create(target, format, source->filename,
1732                             source->drv->format_name, NULL,
1733                             size, flags, &local_err, false);
1734         } else {
1735             bdrv_img_create(target, format, NULL, NULL, NULL,
1736                             size, flags, &local_err, false);
1737         }
1738     }
1739
1740     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1741         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1742         return;
1743     }
1744
1745     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
1746     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags, drv);
1747     if (ret < 0) {
1748         bdrv_unref(target_bs);
1749         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
1750         return;
1751     }
1752
1753     backup_start(bs, target_bs, speed, sync, on_source_error, on_target_error,
1754                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1755     if (local_err != NULL) {
1756         bdrv_unref(target_bs);
1757         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1758         return;
1759     }
1760 }
1761
1762 #define DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE   (10 << 20)
1763
1764 void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
1765                       bool has_format, const char *format,
1766                       enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
1767                       bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
1768                       bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
1769                       bool has_granularity, uint32_t granularity,
1770                       bool has_buf_size, int64_t buf_size,
1771                       bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
1772                       bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
1773                       Error **errp)
1774 {
1775     BlockDriverState *bs;
1776     BlockDriverState *source, *target_bs;
1777     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
1778     Error *local_err = NULL;
1779     int flags;
1780     int64_t size;
1781     int ret;
1782
1783     if (!has_speed) {
1784         speed = 0;
1785     }
1786     if (!has_on_source_error) {
1787         on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1788     }
1789     if (!has_on_target_error) {
1790         on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
1791     }
1792     if (!has_mode) {
1793         mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
1794     }
1795     if (!has_granularity) {
1796         granularity = 0;
1797     }
1798     if (!has_buf_size) {
1799         buf_size = DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE;
1800     }
1801
1802     if (granularity != 0 && (granularity < 512 || granularity > 1048576 * 64)) {
1803         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, device);
1804         return;
1805     }
1806     if (granularity & (granularity - 1)) {
1807         error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, device);
1808         return;
1809     }
1810
1811     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1812     if (!bs) {
1813         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
1814         return;
1815     }
1816
1817     if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
1818         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
1819         return;
1820     }
1821
1822     if (!has_format) {
1823         format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
1824     }
1825     if (format) {
1826         drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
1827         if (!drv) {
1828             error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
1829             return;
1830         }
1831     }
1832
1833     if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
1834         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
1835         return;
1836     }
1837
1838     flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
1839     source = bs->backing_hd;
1840     if (!source && sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
1841         sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
1842     }
1843
1844     size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
1845     if (size < 0) {
1846         error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
1847         return;
1848     }
1849
1850     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL && mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
1851         /* create new image w/o backing file */
1852         assert(format && drv);
1853         bdrv_img_create(target, format,
1854                         NULL, NULL, NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
1855     } else {
1856         switch (mode) {
1857         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING:
1858             ret = 0;
1859             break;
1860         case NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS:
1861             /* create new image with backing file */
1862             bdrv_img_create(target, format,
1863                             source->filename,
1864                             source->drv->format_name,
1865                             NULL, size, flags, &local_err, false);
1866             break;
1867         default:
1868             abort();
1869         }
1870     }
1871
1872     if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
1873         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1874         return;
1875     }
1876
1877     /* Mirroring takes care of copy-on-write using the source's backing
1878      * file.
1879      */
1880     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
1881     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
1882     if (ret < 0) {
1883         bdrv_unref(target_bs);
1884         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
1885         return;
1886     }
1887
1888     mirror_start(bs, target_bs, speed, granularity, buf_size, sync,
1889                  on_source_error, on_target_error,
1890                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
1891     if (local_err != NULL) {
1892         bdrv_unref(target_bs);
1893         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1894         return;
1895     }
1896 }
1897
1898 static BlockJob *find_block_job(const char *device)
1899 {
1900     BlockDriverState *bs;
1901
1902     bs = bdrv_find(device);
1903     if (!bs || !bs->job) {
1904         return NULL;
1905     }
1906     return bs->job;
1907 }
1908
1909 void qmp_block_job_set_speed(const char *device, int64_t speed, Error **errp)
1910 {
1911     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1912
1913     if (!job) {
1914         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1915         return;
1916     }
1917
1918     block_job_set_speed(job, speed, errp);
1919 }
1920
1921 void qmp_block_job_cancel(const char *device,
1922                           bool has_force, bool force, Error **errp)
1923 {
1924     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1925
1926     if (!has_force) {
1927         force = false;
1928     }
1929
1930     if (!job) {
1931         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1932         return;
1933     }
1934     if (job->paused && !force) {
1935         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_PAUSED, device);
1936         return;
1937     }
1938
1939     trace_qmp_block_job_cancel(job);
1940     block_job_cancel(job);
1941 }
1942
1943 void qmp_block_job_pause(const char *device, Error **errp)
1944 {
1945     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1946
1947     if (!job) {
1948         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1949         return;
1950     }
1951
1952     trace_qmp_block_job_pause(job);
1953     block_job_pause(job);
1954 }
1955
1956 void qmp_block_job_resume(const char *device, Error **errp)
1957 {
1958     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1959
1960     if (!job) {
1961         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1962         return;
1963     }
1964
1965     trace_qmp_block_job_resume(job);
1966     block_job_resume(job);
1967 }
1968
1969 void qmp_block_job_complete(const char *device, Error **errp)
1970 {
1971     BlockJob *job = find_block_job(device);
1972
1973     if (!job) {
1974         error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_JOB_NOT_ACTIVE, device);
1975         return;
1976     }
1977
1978     trace_qmp_block_job_complete(job);
1979     block_job_complete(job, errp);
1980 }
1981
1982 static void do_qmp_query_block_jobs_one(void *opaque, BlockDriverState *bs)
1983 {
1984     BlockJobInfoList **prev = opaque;
1985     BlockJob *job = bs->job;
1986
1987     if (job) {
1988         BlockJobInfoList *elem = g_new0(BlockJobInfoList, 1);
1989         elem->value = block_job_query(bs->job);
1990         (*prev)->next = elem;
1991         *prev = elem;
1992     }
1993 }
1994
1995 BlockJobInfoList *qmp_query_block_jobs(Error **errp)
1996 {
1997     /* Dummy is a fake list element for holding the head pointer */
1998     BlockJobInfoList dummy = {};
1999     BlockJobInfoList *prev = &dummy;
2000     bdrv_iterate(do_qmp_query_block_jobs_one, &prev);
2001     return dummy.next;
2002 }
2003
2004 QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts = {
2005     .name = "drive",
2006     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_common_drive_opts.head),
2007     .desc = {
2008         {
2009             .name = "bus",
2010             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2011             .help = "bus number",
2012         },{
2013             .name = "unit",
2014             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2015             .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
2016         },{
2017             .name = "if",
2018             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2019             .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
2020         },{
2021             .name = "index",
2022             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2023             .help = "index number",
2024         },{
2025             .name = "cyls",
2026             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2027             .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
2028         },{
2029             .name = "heads",
2030             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2031             .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
2032         },{
2033             .name = "secs",
2034             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2035             .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
2036         },{
2037             .name = "trans",
2038             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2039             .help = "chs translation (auto, lba. none)",
2040         },{
2041             .name = "media",
2042             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2043             .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
2044         },{
2045             .name = "snapshot",
2046             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2047             .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
2048         },{
2049             .name = "file",
2050             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2051             .help = "disk image",
2052         },{
2053             .name = "discard",
2054             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2055             .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
2056         },{
2057             .name = "cache.writeback",
2058             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2059             .help = "enables writeback mode for any caches",
2060         },{
2061             .name = "cache.direct",
2062             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2063             .help = "enables use of O_DIRECT (bypass the host page cache)",
2064         },{
2065             .name = "cache.no-flush",
2066             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2067             .help = "ignore any flush requests for the device",
2068         },{
2069             .name = "aio",
2070             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2071             .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
2072         },{
2073             .name = "format",
2074             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2075             .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
2076         },{
2077             .name = "serial",
2078             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2079             .help = "disk serial number",
2080         },{
2081             .name = "rerror",
2082             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2083             .help = "read error action",
2084         },{
2085             .name = "werror",
2086             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2087             .help = "write error action",
2088         },{
2089             .name = "addr",
2090             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
2091             .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
2092         },{
2093             .name = "read-only",
2094             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2095             .help = "open drive file as read-only",
2096         },{
2097             .name = "throttling.iops-total",
2098             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2099             .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
2100         },{
2101             .name = "throttling.iops-read",
2102             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2103             .help = "limit read operations per second",
2104         },{
2105             .name = "throttling.iops-write",
2106             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2107             .help = "limit write operations per second",
2108         },{
2109             .name = "throttling.bps-total",
2110             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2111             .help = "limit total bytes per second",
2112         },{
2113             .name = "throttling.bps-read",
2114             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2115             .help = "limit read bytes per second",
2116         },{
2117             .name = "throttling.bps-write",
2118             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2119             .help = "limit write bytes per second",
2120         },{
2121             .name = "throttling.iops-total-max",
2122             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2123             .help = "I/O operations burst",
2124         },{
2125             .name = "throttling.iops-read-max",
2126             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2127             .help = "I/O operations read burst",
2128         },{
2129             .name = "throttling.iops-write-max",
2130             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2131             .help = "I/O operations write burst",
2132         },{
2133             .name = "throttling.bps-total-max",
2134             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2135             .help = "total bytes burst",
2136         },{
2137             .name = "throttling.bps-read-max",
2138             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2139             .help = "total bytes read burst",
2140         },{
2141             .name = "throttling.bps-write-max",
2142             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2143             .help = "total bytes write burst",
2144         },{
2145             .name = "throttling.iops-size",
2146             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
2147             .help = "when limiting by iops max size of an I/O in bytes",
2148         },{
2149             .name = "copy-on-read",
2150             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2151             .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
2152         },{
2153             .name = "boot",
2154             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
2155             .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
2156         },
2157         { /* end of list */ }
2158     },
2159 };
2160
2161 QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
2162     .name = "drive",
2163     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
2164     .desc = {
2165         /*
2166          * no elements => accept any params
2167          * validation will happen later
2168          */
2169         { /* end of list */ }
2170     },
2171 };