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4710c53d 1"""A generally useful event scheduler class.\r
2\r
3Each instance of this class manages its own queue.\r
4No multi-threading is implied; you are supposed to hack that\r
5yourself, or use a single instance per application.\r
6\r
7Each instance is parametrized with two functions, one that is\r
8supposed to return the current time, one that is supposed to\r
9implement a delay. You can implement real-time scheduling by\r
10substituting time and sleep from built-in module time, or you can\r
11implement simulated time by writing your own functions. This can\r
12also be used to integrate scheduling with STDWIN events; the delay\r
13function is allowed to modify the queue. Time can be expressed as\r
14integers or floating point numbers, as long as it is consistent.\r
15\r
16Events are specified by tuples (time, priority, action, argument).\r
17As in UNIX, lower priority numbers mean higher priority; in this\r
18way the queue can be maintained as a priority queue. Execution of the\r
19event means calling the action function, passing it the argument\r
20sequence in "argument" (remember that in Python, multiple function\r
21arguments are be packed in a sequence).\r
22The action function may be an instance method so it\r
23has another way to reference private data (besides global variables).\r
24"""\r
25\r
26# XXX The timefunc and delayfunc should have been defined as methods\r
27# XXX so you can define new kinds of schedulers using subclassing\r
28# XXX instead of having to define a module or class just to hold\r
29# XXX the global state of your particular time and delay functions.\r
30\r
31import heapq\r
32from collections import namedtuple\r
33\r
34__all__ = ["scheduler"]\r
35\r
36Event = namedtuple('Event', 'time, priority, action, argument')\r
37\r
38class scheduler:\r
39 def __init__(self, timefunc, delayfunc):\r
40 """Initialize a new instance, passing the time and delay\r
41 functions"""\r
42 self._queue = []\r
43 self.timefunc = timefunc\r
44 self.delayfunc = delayfunc\r
45\r
46 def enterabs(self, time, priority, action, argument):\r
47 """Enter a new event in the queue at an absolute time.\r
48\r
49 Returns an ID for the event which can be used to remove it,\r
50 if necessary.\r
51\r
52 """\r
53 event = Event(time, priority, action, argument)\r
54 heapq.heappush(self._queue, event)\r
55 return event # The ID\r
56\r
57 def enter(self, delay, priority, action, argument):\r
58 """A variant that specifies the time as a relative time.\r
59\r
60 This is actually the more commonly used interface.\r
61\r
62 """\r
63 time = self.timefunc() + delay\r
64 return self.enterabs(time, priority, action, argument)\r
65\r
66 def cancel(self, event):\r
67 """Remove an event from the queue.\r
68\r
69 This must be presented the ID as returned by enter().\r
70 If the event is not in the queue, this raises ValueError.\r
71\r
72 """\r
73 self._queue.remove(event)\r
74 heapq.heapify(self._queue)\r
75\r
76 def empty(self):\r
77 """Check whether the queue is empty."""\r
78 return not self._queue\r
79\r
80 def run(self):\r
81 """Execute events until the queue is empty.\r
82\r
83 When there is a positive delay until the first event, the\r
84 delay function is called and the event is left in the queue;\r
85 otherwise, the event is removed from the queue and executed\r
86 (its action function is called, passing it the argument). If\r
87 the delay function returns prematurely, it is simply\r
88 restarted.\r
89\r
90 It is legal for both the delay function and the action\r
91 function to to modify the queue or to raise an exception;\r
92 exceptions are not caught but the scheduler's state remains\r
93 well-defined so run() may be called again.\r
94\r
95 A questionable hack is added to allow other threads to run:\r
96 just after an event is executed, a delay of 0 is executed, to\r
97 avoid monopolizing the CPU when other threads are also\r
98 runnable.\r
99\r
100 """\r
101 # localize variable access to minimize overhead\r
102 # and to improve thread safety\r
103 q = self._queue\r
104 delayfunc = self.delayfunc\r
105 timefunc = self.timefunc\r
106 pop = heapq.heappop\r
107 while q:\r
108 time, priority, action, argument = checked_event = q[0]\r
109 now = timefunc()\r
110 if now < time:\r
111 delayfunc(time - now)\r
112 else:\r
113 event = pop(q)\r
114 # Verify that the event was not removed or altered\r
115 # by another thread after we last looked at q[0].\r
116 if event is checked_event:\r
117 action(*argument)\r
118 delayfunc(0) # Let other threads run\r
119 else:\r
120 heapq.heappush(q, event)\r
121\r
122 @property\r
123 def queue(self):\r
124 """An ordered list of upcoming events.\r
125\r
126 Events are named tuples with fields for:\r
127 time, priority, action, arguments\r
128\r
129 """\r
130 # Use heapq to sort the queue rather than using 'sorted(self._queue)'.\r
131 # With heapq, two events scheduled at the same time will show in\r
132 # the actual order they would be retrieved.\r
133 events = self._queue[:]\r
134 return map(heapq.heappop, [events]*len(events))\r