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4710c53d 1# module 'string' -- A collection of string operations\r
2\r
3# Warning: most of the code you see here isn't normally used nowadays. With\r
4# Python 1.6, many of these functions are implemented as methods on the\r
5# standard string object. They used to be implemented by a built-in module\r
6# called strop, but strop is now obsolete itself.\r
7\r
8"""Common string manipulations.\r
9\r
10Public module variables:\r
11\r
12whitespace -- a string containing all characters considered whitespace\r
13lowercase -- a string containing all characters considered lowercase letters\r
14uppercase -- a string containing all characters considered uppercase letters\r
15letters -- a string containing all characters considered letters\r
16digits -- a string containing all characters considered decimal digits\r
17hexdigits -- a string containing all characters considered hexadecimal digits\r
18octdigits -- a string containing all characters considered octal digits\r
19\r
20"""\r
21from warnings import warnpy3k\r
22warnpy3k("the stringold module has been removed in Python 3.0", stacklevel=2)\r
23del warnpy3k\r
24\r
25# Some strings for ctype-style character classification\r
26whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'\r
27lowercase = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'\r
28uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'\r
29letters = lowercase + uppercase\r
30digits = '0123456789'\r
31hexdigits = digits + 'abcdef' + 'ABCDEF'\r
32octdigits = '01234567'\r
33\r
34# Case conversion helpers\r
35_idmap = ''\r
36for i in range(256): _idmap = _idmap + chr(i)\r
37del i\r
38\r
39# Backward compatible names for exceptions\r
40index_error = ValueError\r
41atoi_error = ValueError\r
42atof_error = ValueError\r
43atol_error = ValueError\r
44\r
45# convert UPPER CASE letters to lower case\r
46def lower(s):\r
47 """lower(s) -> string\r
48\r
49 Return a copy of the string s converted to lowercase.\r
50\r
51 """\r
52 return s.lower()\r
53\r
54# Convert lower case letters to UPPER CASE\r
55def upper(s):\r
56 """upper(s) -> string\r
57\r
58 Return a copy of the string s converted to uppercase.\r
59\r
60 """\r
61 return s.upper()\r
62\r
63# Swap lower case letters and UPPER CASE\r
64def swapcase(s):\r
65 """swapcase(s) -> string\r
66\r
67 Return a copy of the string s with upper case characters\r
68 converted to lowercase and vice versa.\r
69\r
70 """\r
71 return s.swapcase()\r
72\r
73# Strip leading and trailing tabs and spaces\r
74def strip(s):\r
75 """strip(s) -> string\r
76\r
77 Return a copy of the string s with leading and trailing\r
78 whitespace removed.\r
79\r
80 """\r
81 return s.strip()\r
82\r
83# Strip leading tabs and spaces\r
84def lstrip(s):\r
85 """lstrip(s) -> string\r
86\r
87 Return a copy of the string s with leading whitespace removed.\r
88\r
89 """\r
90 return s.lstrip()\r
91\r
92# Strip trailing tabs and spaces\r
93def rstrip(s):\r
94 """rstrip(s) -> string\r
95\r
96 Return a copy of the string s with trailing whitespace\r
97 removed.\r
98\r
99 """\r
100 return s.rstrip()\r
101\r
102\r
103# Split a string into a list of space/tab-separated words\r
104def split(s, sep=None, maxsplit=0):\r
105 """split(str [,sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings\r
106\r
107 Return a list of the words in the string s, using sep as the\r
108 delimiter string. If maxsplit is nonzero, splits into at most\r
109 maxsplit words If sep is not specified, any whitespace string\r
110 is a separator. Maxsplit defaults to 0.\r
111\r
112 (split and splitfields are synonymous)\r
113\r
114 """\r
115 return s.split(sep, maxsplit)\r
116splitfields = split\r
117\r
118# Join fields with optional separator\r
119def join(words, sep = ' '):\r
120 """join(list [,sep]) -> string\r
121\r
122 Return a string composed of the words in list, with\r
123 intervening occurrences of sep. The default separator is a\r
124 single space.\r
125\r
126 (joinfields and join are synonymous)\r
127\r
128 """\r
129 return sep.join(words)\r
130joinfields = join\r
131\r
132# for a little bit of speed\r
133_apply = apply\r
134\r
135# Find substring, raise exception if not found\r
136def index(s, *args):\r
137 """index(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\r
138\r
139 Like find but raises ValueError when the substring is not found.\r
140\r
141 """\r
142 return _apply(s.index, args)\r
143\r
144# Find last substring, raise exception if not found\r
145def rindex(s, *args):\r
146 """rindex(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\r
147\r
148 Like rfind but raises ValueError when the substring is not found.\r
149\r
150 """\r
151 return _apply(s.rindex, args)\r
152\r
153# Count non-overlapping occurrences of substring\r
154def count(s, *args):\r
155 """count(s, sub[, start[,end]]) -> int\r
156\r
157 Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string\r
158 s[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are\r
159 interpreted as in slice notation.\r
160\r
161 """\r
162 return _apply(s.count, args)\r
163\r
164# Find substring, return -1 if not found\r
165def find(s, *args):\r
166 """find(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> in\r
167\r
168 Return the lowest index in s where substring sub is found,\r
169 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional\r
170 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\r
171\r
172 Return -1 on failure.\r
173\r
174 """\r
175 return _apply(s.find, args)\r
176\r
177# Find last substring, return -1 if not found\r
178def rfind(s, *args):\r
179 """rfind(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int\r
180\r
181 Return the highest index in s where substring sub is found,\r
182 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional\r
183 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.\r
184\r
185 Return -1 on failure.\r
186\r
187 """\r
188 return _apply(s.rfind, args)\r
189\r
190# for a bit of speed\r
191_float = float\r
192_int = int\r
193_long = long\r
194_StringType = type('')\r
195\r
196# Convert string to float\r
197def atof(s):\r
198 """atof(s) -> float\r
199\r
200 Return the floating point number represented by the string s.\r
201\r
202 """\r
203 if type(s) == _StringType:\r
204 return _float(s)\r
205 else:\r
206 raise TypeError('argument 1: expected string, %s found' %\r
207 type(s).__name__)\r
208\r
209# Convert string to integer\r
210def atoi(*args):\r
211 """atoi(s [,base]) -> int\r
212\r
213 Return the integer represented by the string s in the given\r
214 base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist of one\r
215 or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base is 0, it\r
216 is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for octal, 0x or\r
217 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding 0x or 0X is\r
218 accepted.\r
219\r
220 """\r
221 try:\r
222 s = args[0]\r
223 except IndexError:\r
224 raise TypeError('function requires at least 1 argument: %d given' %\r
225 len(args))\r
226 # Don't catch type error resulting from too many arguments to int(). The\r
227 # error message isn't compatible but the error type is, and this function\r
228 # is complicated enough already.\r
229 if type(s) == _StringType:\r
230 return _apply(_int, args)\r
231 else:\r
232 raise TypeError('argument 1: expected string, %s found' %\r
233 type(s).__name__)\r
234\r
235\r
236# Convert string to long integer\r
237def atol(*args):\r
238 """atol(s [,base]) -> long\r
239\r
240 Return the long integer represented by the string s in the\r
241 given base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist\r
242 of one or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base\r
243 is 0, it is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for\r
244 octal, 0x or 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding\r
245 0x or 0X is accepted. A trailing L or l is not accepted,\r
246 unless base is 0.\r
247\r
248 """\r
249 try:\r
250 s = args[0]\r
251 except IndexError:\r
252 raise TypeError('function requires at least 1 argument: %d given' %\r
253 len(args))\r
254 # Don't catch type error resulting from too many arguments to long(). The\r
255 # error message isn't compatible but the error type is, and this function\r
256 # is complicated enough already.\r
257 if type(s) == _StringType:\r
258 return _apply(_long, args)\r
259 else:\r
260 raise TypeError('argument 1: expected string, %s found' %\r
261 type(s).__name__)\r
262\r
263\r
264# Left-justify a string\r
265def ljust(s, width):\r
266 """ljust(s, width) -> string\r
267\r
268 Return a left-justified version of s, in a field of the\r
269 specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is\r
270 never truncated.\r
271\r
272 """\r
273 n = width - len(s)\r
274 if n <= 0: return s\r
275 return s + ' '*n\r
276\r
277# Right-justify a string\r
278def rjust(s, width):\r
279 """rjust(s, width) -> string\r
280\r
281 Return a right-justified version of s, in a field of the\r
282 specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is\r
283 never truncated.\r
284\r
285 """\r
286 n = width - len(s)\r
287 if n <= 0: return s\r
288 return ' '*n + s\r
289\r
290# Center a string\r
291def center(s, width):\r
292 """center(s, width) -> string\r
293\r
294 Return a center version of s, in a field of the specified\r
295 width. padded with spaces as needed. The string is never\r
296 truncated.\r
297\r
298 """\r
299 n = width - len(s)\r
300 if n <= 0: return s\r
301 half = n/2\r
302 if n%2 and width%2:\r
303 # This ensures that center(center(s, i), j) = center(s, j)\r
304 half = half+1\r
305 return ' '*half + s + ' '*(n-half)\r
306\r
307# Zero-fill a number, e.g., (12, 3) --> '012' and (-3, 3) --> '-03'\r
308# Decadent feature: the argument may be a string or a number\r
309# (Use of this is deprecated; it should be a string as with ljust c.s.)\r
310def zfill(x, width):\r
311 """zfill(x, width) -> string\r
312\r
313 Pad a numeric string x with zeros on the left, to fill a field\r
314 of the specified width. The string x is never truncated.\r
315\r
316 """\r
317 if type(x) == type(''): s = x\r
318 else: s = repr(x)\r
319 n = len(s)\r
320 if n >= width: return s\r
321 sign = ''\r
322 if s[0] in ('-', '+'):\r
323 sign, s = s[0], s[1:]\r
324 return sign + '0'*(width-n) + s\r
325\r
326# Expand tabs in a string.\r
327# Doesn't take non-printing chars into account, but does understand \n.\r
328def expandtabs(s, tabsize=8):\r
329 """expandtabs(s [,tabsize]) -> string\r
330\r
331 Return a copy of the string s with all tab characters replaced\r
332 by the appropriate number of spaces, depending on the current\r
333 column, and the tabsize (default 8).\r
334\r
335 """\r
336 res = line = ''\r
337 for c in s:\r
338 if c == '\t':\r
339 c = ' '*(tabsize - len(line) % tabsize)\r
340 line = line + c\r
341 if c == '\n':\r
342 res = res + line\r
343 line = ''\r
344 return res + line\r
345\r
346# Character translation through look-up table.\r
347def translate(s, table, deletions=""):\r
348 """translate(s,table [,deletechars]) -> string\r
349\r
350 Return a copy of the string s, where all characters occurring\r
351 in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the\r
352 remaining characters have been mapped through the given\r
353 translation table, which must be a string of length 256.\r
354\r
355 """\r
356 return s.translate(table, deletions)\r
357\r
358# Capitalize a string, e.g. "aBc dEf" -> "Abc def".\r
359def capitalize(s):\r
360 """capitalize(s) -> string\r
361\r
362 Return a copy of the string s with only its first character\r
363 capitalized.\r
364\r
365 """\r
366 return s.capitalize()\r
367\r
368# Capitalize the words in a string, e.g. " aBc dEf " -> "Abc Def".\r
369def capwords(s, sep=None):\r
370 """capwords(s, [sep]) -> string\r
371\r
372 Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each\r
373 word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using\r
374 join. Note that this replaces runs of whitespace characters by\r
375 a single space.\r
376\r
377 """\r
378 return join(map(capitalize, s.split(sep)), sep or ' ')\r
379\r
380# Construct a translation string\r
381_idmapL = None\r
382def maketrans(fromstr, tostr):\r
383 """maketrans(frm, to) -> string\r
384\r
385 Return a translation table (a string of 256 bytes long)\r
386 suitable for use in string.translate. The strings frm and to\r
387 must be of the same length.\r
388\r
389 """\r
390 if len(fromstr) != len(tostr):\r
391 raise ValueError, "maketrans arguments must have same length"\r
392 global _idmapL\r
393 if not _idmapL:\r
394 _idmapL = list(_idmap)\r
395 L = _idmapL[:]\r
396 fromstr = map(ord, fromstr)\r
397 for i in range(len(fromstr)):\r
398 L[fromstr[i]] = tostr[i]\r
399 return join(L, "")\r
400\r
401# Substring replacement (global)\r
402def replace(s, old, new, maxsplit=0):\r
403 """replace (str, old, new[, maxsplit]) -> string\r
404\r
405 Return a copy of string str with all occurrences of substring\r
406 old replaced by new. If the optional argument maxsplit is\r
407 given, only the first maxsplit occurrences are replaced.\r
408\r
409 """\r
410 return s.replace(old, new, maxsplit)\r
411\r
412\r
413# XXX: transitional\r
414#\r
415# If string objects do not have methods, then we need to use the old string.py\r
416# library, which uses strop for many more things than just the few outlined\r
417# below.\r
418try:\r
419 ''.upper\r
420except AttributeError:\r
421 from stringold import *\r
422\r
423# Try importing optional built-in module "strop" -- if it exists,\r
424# it redefines some string operations that are 100-1000 times faster.\r
425# It also defines values for whitespace, lowercase and uppercase\r
426# that match <ctype.h>'s definitions.\r
427\r
428try:\r
429 from strop import maketrans, lowercase, uppercase, whitespace\r
430 letters = lowercase + uppercase\r
431except ImportError:\r
432 pass # Use the original versions\r