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4710c53d 1""" CommandLine - Get and parse command line options\r
2\r
3 NOTE: This still is very much work in progress !!!\r
4\r
5 Different version are likely to be incompatible.\r
6\r
7 TODO:\r
8\r
9 * Incorporate the changes made by (see Inbox)\r
10 * Add number range option using srange()\r
11\r
12"""\r
13\r
14__copyright__ = """\\r
15Copyright (c), 1997-2006, Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com)\r
16Copyright (c), 2000-2006, eGenix.com Software GmbH (info@egenix.com)\r
17See the documentation for further information on copyrights,\r
18or contact the author. All Rights Reserved.\r
19"""\r
20\r
21__version__ = '1.2'\r
22\r
23import sys, getopt, string, glob, os, re, exceptions, traceback\r
24\r
25### Helpers\r
26\r
27def _getopt_flags(options):\r
28\r
29 """ Convert the option list to a getopt flag string and long opt\r
30 list\r
31\r
32 """\r
33 s = []\r
34 l = []\r
35 for o in options:\r
36 if o.prefix == '-':\r
37 # short option\r
38 s.append(o.name)\r
39 if o.takes_argument:\r
40 s.append(':')\r
41 else:\r
42 # long option\r
43 if o.takes_argument:\r
44 l.append(o.name+'=')\r
45 else:\r
46 l.append(o.name)\r
47 return string.join(s,''),l\r
48\r
49def invisible_input(prompt='>>> '):\r
50\r
51 """ Get raw input from a terminal without echoing the characters to\r
52 the terminal, e.g. for password queries.\r
53\r
54 """\r
55 import getpass\r
56 entry = getpass.getpass(prompt)\r
57 if entry is None:\r
58 raise KeyboardInterrupt\r
59 return entry\r
60\r
61def fileopen(name, mode='wb', encoding=None):\r
62\r
63 """ Open a file using mode.\r
64\r
65 Default mode is 'wb' meaning to open the file for writing in\r
66 binary mode. If encoding is given, I/O to and from the file is\r
67 transparently encoded using the given encoding.\r
68\r
69 Files opened for writing are chmod()ed to 0600.\r
70\r
71 """\r
72 if name == 'stdout':\r
73 return sys.stdout\r
74 elif name == 'stderr':\r
75 return sys.stderr\r
76 elif name == 'stdin':\r
77 return sys.stdin\r
78 else:\r
79 if encoding is not None:\r
80 import codecs\r
81 f = codecs.open(name, mode, encoding)\r
82 else:\r
83 f = open(name, mode)\r
84 if 'w' in mode:\r
85 os.chmod(name, 0600)\r
86 return f\r
87\r
88def option_dict(options):\r
89\r
90 """ Return a dictionary mapping option names to Option instances.\r
91 """\r
92 d = {}\r
93 for option in options:\r
94 d[option.name] = option\r
95 return d\r
96\r
97# Alias\r
98getpasswd = invisible_input\r
99\r
100_integerRE = re.compile('\s*(-?\d+)\s*$')\r
101_integerRangeRE = re.compile('\s*(-?\d+)\s*-\s*(-?\d+)\s*$')\r
102\r
103def srange(s,\r
104\r
105 split=string.split,integer=_integerRE,\r
106 integerRange=_integerRangeRE):\r
107\r
108 """ Converts a textual representation of integer numbers and ranges\r
109 to a Python list.\r
110\r
111 Supported formats: 2,3,4,2-10,-1 - -3, 5 - -2\r
112\r
113 Values are appended to the created list in the order specified\r
114 in the string.\r
115\r
116 """\r
117 l = []\r
118 append = l.append\r
119 for entry in split(s,','):\r
120 m = integer.match(entry)\r
121 if m:\r
122 append(int(m.groups()[0]))\r
123 continue\r
124 m = integerRange.match(entry)\r
125 if m:\r
126 start,end = map(int,m.groups())\r
127 l[len(l):] = range(start,end+1)\r
128 return l\r
129\r
130def abspath(path,\r
131\r
132 expandvars=os.path.expandvars,expanduser=os.path.expanduser,\r
133 join=os.path.join,getcwd=os.getcwd):\r
134\r
135 """ Return the corresponding absolute path for path.\r
136\r
137 path is expanded in the usual shell ways before\r
138 joining it with the current working directory.\r
139\r
140 """\r
141 try:\r
142 path = expandvars(path)\r
143 except AttributeError:\r
144 pass\r
145 try:\r
146 path = expanduser(path)\r
147 except AttributeError:\r
148 pass\r
149 return join(getcwd(), path)\r
150\r
151### Option classes\r
152\r
153class Option:\r
154\r
155 """ Option base class. Takes no argument.\r
156\r
157 """\r
158 default = None\r
159 helptext = ''\r
160 prefix = '-'\r
161 takes_argument = 0\r
162 has_default = 0\r
163 tab = 15\r
164\r
165 def __init__(self,name,help=None):\r
166\r
167 if not name[:1] == '-':\r
168 raise TypeError,'option names must start with "-"'\r
169 if name[1:2] == '-':\r
170 self.prefix = '--'\r
171 self.name = name[2:]\r
172 else:\r
173 self.name = name[1:]\r
174 if help:\r
175 self.help = help\r
176\r
177 def __str__(self):\r
178\r
179 o = self\r
180 name = o.prefix + o.name\r
181 if o.takes_argument:\r
182 name = name + ' arg'\r
183 if len(name) > self.tab:\r
184 name = name + '\n' + ' ' * (self.tab + 1 + len(o.prefix))\r
185 else:\r
186 name = '%-*s ' % (self.tab, name)\r
187 description = o.help\r
188 if o.has_default:\r
189 description = description + ' (%s)' % o.default\r
190 return '%s %s' % (name, description)\r
191\r
192class ArgumentOption(Option):\r
193\r
194 """ Option that takes an argument.\r
195\r
196 An optional default argument can be given.\r
197\r
198 """\r
199 def __init__(self,name,help=None,default=None):\r
200\r
201 # Basemethod\r
202 Option.__init__(self,name,help)\r
203\r
204 if default is not None:\r
205 self.default = default\r
206 self.has_default = 1\r
207 self.takes_argument = 1\r
208\r
209class SwitchOption(Option):\r
210\r
211 """ Options that can be on or off. Has an optional default value.\r
212\r
213 """\r
214 def __init__(self,name,help=None,default=None):\r
215\r
216 # Basemethod\r
217 Option.__init__(self,name,help)\r
218\r
219 if default is not None:\r
220 self.default = default\r
221 self.has_default = 1\r
222\r
223### Application baseclass\r
224\r
225class Application:\r
226\r
227 """ Command line application interface with builtin argument\r
228 parsing.\r
229\r
230 """\r
231 # Options the program accepts (Option instances)\r
232 options = []\r
233\r
234 # Standard settings; these are appended to options in __init__\r
235 preset_options = [SwitchOption('-v',\r
236 'generate verbose output'),\r
237 SwitchOption('-h',\r
238 'show this help text'),\r
239 SwitchOption('--help',\r
240 'show this help text'),\r
241 SwitchOption('--debug',\r
242 'enable debugging'),\r
243 SwitchOption('--copyright',\r
244 'show copyright'),\r
245 SwitchOption('--examples',\r
246 'show examples of usage')]\r
247\r
248 # The help layout looks like this:\r
249 # [header] - defaults to ''\r
250 #\r
251 # [synopsis] - formatted as '<self.name> %s' % self.synopsis\r
252 #\r
253 # options:\r
254 # [options] - formatted from self.options\r
255 #\r
256 # [version] - formatted as 'Version:\n %s' % self.version, if given\r
257 #\r
258 # [about] - defaults to ''\r
259 #\r
260 # Note: all fields that do not behave as template are formatted\r
261 # using the instances dictionary as substitution namespace,\r
262 # e.g. %(name)s will be replaced by the applications name.\r
263 #\r
264\r
265 # Header (default to program name)\r
266 header = ''\r
267\r
268 # Name (defaults to program name)\r
269 name = ''\r
270\r
271 # Synopsis (%(name)s is replaced by the program name)\r
272 synopsis = '%(name)s [option] files...'\r
273\r
274 # Version (optional)\r
275 version = ''\r
276\r
277 # General information printed after the possible options (optional)\r
278 about = ''\r
279\r
280 # Examples of usage to show when the --examples option is given (optional)\r
281 examples = ''\r
282\r
283 # Copyright to show\r
284 copyright = __copyright__\r
285\r
286 # Apply file globbing ?\r
287 globbing = 1\r
288\r
289 # Generate debug output ?\r
290 debug = 0\r
291\r
292 # Generate verbose output ?\r
293 verbose = 0\r
294\r
295 # Internal errors to catch\r
296 InternalError = exceptions.Exception\r
297\r
298 # Instance variables:\r
299 values = None # Dictionary of passed options (or default values)\r
300 # indexed by the options name, e.g. '-h'\r
301 files = None # List of passed filenames\r
302 optionlist = None # List of passed options\r
303\r
304 def __init__(self,argv=None):\r
305\r
306 # Setup application specs\r
307 if argv is None:\r
308 argv = sys.argv\r
309 self.filename = os.path.split(argv[0])[1]\r
310 if not self.name:\r
311 self.name = os.path.split(self.filename)[1]\r
312 else:\r
313 self.name = self.name\r
314 if not self.header:\r
315 self.header = self.name\r
316 else:\r
317 self.header = self.header\r
318\r
319 # Init .arguments list\r
320 self.arguments = argv[1:]\r
321\r
322 # Setup Option mapping\r
323 self.option_map = option_dict(self.options)\r
324\r
325 # Append preset options\r
326 for option in self.preset_options:\r
327 if not self.option_map.has_key(option.name):\r
328 self.add_option(option)\r
329\r
330 # Init .files list\r
331 self.files = []\r
332\r
333 # Start Application\r
334 try:\r
335 # Process startup\r
336 rc = self.startup()\r
337 if rc is not None:\r
338 raise SystemExit,rc\r
339\r
340 # Parse command line\r
341 rc = self.parse()\r
342 if rc is not None:\r
343 raise SystemExit,rc\r
344\r
345 # Start application\r
346 rc = self.main()\r
347 if rc is None:\r
348 rc = 0\r
349\r
350 except SystemExit,rc:\r
351 pass\r
352\r
353 except KeyboardInterrupt:\r
354 print\r
355 print '* User Break'\r
356 print\r
357 rc = 1\r
358\r
359 except self.InternalError:\r
360 print\r
361 print '* Internal Error (use --debug to display the traceback)'\r
362 if self.debug:\r
363 print\r
364 traceback.print_exc(20, sys.stdout)\r
365 elif self.verbose:\r
366 print ' %s: %s' % sys.exc_info()[:2]\r
367 print\r
368 rc = 1\r
369\r
370 raise SystemExit,rc\r
371\r
372 def add_option(self, option):\r
373\r
374 """ Add a new Option instance to the Application dynamically.\r
375\r
376 Note that this has to be done *before* .parse() is being\r
377 executed.\r
378\r
379 """\r
380 self.options.append(option)\r
381 self.option_map[option.name] = option\r
382\r
383 def startup(self):\r
384\r
385 """ Set user defined instance variables.\r
386\r
387 If this method returns anything other than None, the\r
388 process is terminated with the return value as exit code.\r
389\r
390 """\r
391 return None\r
392\r
393 def exit(self, rc=0):\r
394\r
395 """ Exit the program.\r
396\r
397 rc is used as exit code and passed back to the calling\r
398 program. It defaults to 0 which usually means: OK.\r
399\r
400 """\r
401 raise SystemExit, rc\r
402\r
403 def parse(self):\r
404\r
405 """ Parse the command line and fill in self.values and self.files.\r
406\r
407 After having parsed the options, the remaining command line\r
408 arguments are interpreted as files and passed to .handle_files()\r
409 for processing.\r
410\r
411 As final step the option handlers are called in the order\r
412 of the options given on the command line.\r
413\r
414 """\r
415 # Parse arguments\r
416 self.values = values = {}\r
417 for o in self.options:\r
418 if o.has_default:\r
419 values[o.prefix+o.name] = o.default\r
420 else:\r
421 values[o.prefix+o.name] = 0\r
422 flags,lflags = _getopt_flags(self.options)\r
423 try:\r
424 optlist,files = getopt.getopt(self.arguments,flags,lflags)\r
425 if self.globbing:\r
426 l = []\r
427 for f in files:\r
428 gf = glob.glob(f)\r
429 if not gf:\r
430 l.append(f)\r
431 else:\r
432 l[len(l):] = gf\r
433 files = l\r
434 self.optionlist = optlist\r
435 self.files = files + self.files\r
436 except getopt.error,why:\r
437 self.help(why)\r
438 sys.exit(1)\r
439\r
440 # Call file handler\r
441 rc = self.handle_files(self.files)\r
442 if rc is not None:\r
443 sys.exit(rc)\r
444\r
445 # Call option handlers\r
446 for optionname, value in optlist:\r
447\r
448 # Try to convert value to integer\r
449 try:\r
450 value = string.atoi(value)\r
451 except ValueError:\r
452 pass\r
453\r
454 # Find handler and call it (or count the number of option\r
455 # instances on the command line)\r
456 handlername = 'handle' + string.replace(optionname, '-', '_')\r
457 try:\r
458 handler = getattr(self, handlername)\r
459 except AttributeError:\r
460 if value == '':\r
461 # count the number of occurances\r
462 if values.has_key(optionname):\r
463 values[optionname] = values[optionname] + 1\r
464 else:\r
465 values[optionname] = 1\r
466 else:\r
467 values[optionname] = value\r
468 else:\r
469 rc = handler(value)\r
470 if rc is not None:\r
471 raise SystemExit, rc\r
472\r
473 # Apply final file check (for backward compatibility)\r
474 rc = self.check_files(self.files)\r
475 if rc is not None:\r
476 sys.exit(rc)\r
477\r
478 def check_files(self,filelist):\r
479\r
480 """ Apply some user defined checks on the files given in filelist.\r
481\r
482 This may modify filelist in place. A typical application\r
483 is checking that at least n files are given.\r
484\r
485 If this method returns anything other than None, the\r
486 process is terminated with the return value as exit code.\r
487\r
488 """\r
489 return None\r
490\r
491 def help(self,note=''):\r
492\r
493 self.print_header()\r
494 if self.synopsis:\r
495 print 'Synopsis:'\r
496 # To remain backward compatible:\r
497 try:\r
498 synopsis = self.synopsis % self.name\r
499 except (NameError, KeyError, TypeError):\r
500 synopsis = self.synopsis % self.__dict__\r
501 print ' ' + synopsis\r
502 print\r
503 self.print_options()\r
504 if self.version:\r
505 print 'Version:'\r
506 print ' %s' % self.version\r
507 print\r
508 if self.about:\r
509 print string.strip(self.about % self.__dict__)\r
510 print\r
511 if note:\r
512 print '-'*72\r
513 print 'Note:',note\r
514 print\r
515\r
516 def notice(self,note):\r
517\r
518 print '-'*72\r
519 print 'Note:',note\r
520 print '-'*72\r
521 print\r
522\r
523 def print_header(self):\r
524\r
525 print '-'*72\r
526 print self.header % self.__dict__\r
527 print '-'*72\r
528 print\r
529\r
530 def print_options(self):\r
531\r
532 options = self.options\r
533 print 'Options and default settings:'\r
534 if not options:\r
535 print ' None'\r
536 return\r
537 long = filter(lambda x: x.prefix == '--', options)\r
538 short = filter(lambda x: x.prefix == '-', options)\r
539 items = short + long\r
540 for o in options:\r
541 print ' ',o\r
542 print\r
543\r
544 #\r
545 # Example handlers:\r
546 #\r
547 # If a handler returns anything other than None, processing stops\r
548 # and the return value is passed to sys.exit() as argument.\r
549 #\r
550\r
551 # File handler\r
552 def handle_files(self,files):\r
553\r
554 """ This may process the files list in place.\r
555 """\r
556 return None\r
557\r
558 # Short option handler\r
559 def handle_h(self,arg):\r
560\r
561 self.help()\r
562 return 0\r
563\r
564 def handle_v(self, value):\r
565\r
566 """ Turn on verbose output.\r
567 """\r
568 self.verbose = 1\r
569\r
570 # Handlers for long options have two underscores in their name\r
571 def handle__help(self,arg):\r
572\r
573 self.help()\r
574 return 0\r
575\r
576 def handle__debug(self,arg):\r
577\r
578 self.debug = 1\r
579 # We don't want to catch internal errors:\r
580 self.InternalError = None\r
581\r
582 def handle__copyright(self,arg):\r
583\r
584 self.print_header()\r
585 print string.strip(self.copyright % self.__dict__)\r
586 print\r
587 return 0\r
588\r
589 def handle__examples(self,arg):\r
590\r
591 self.print_header()\r
592 if self.examples:\r
593 print 'Examples:'\r
594 print\r
595 print string.strip(self.examples % self.__dict__)\r
596 print\r
597 else:\r
598 print 'No examples available.'\r
599 print\r
600 return 0\r
601\r
602 def main(self):\r
603\r
604 """ Override this method as program entry point.\r
605\r
606 The return value is passed to sys.exit() as argument. If\r
607 it is None, 0 is assumed (meaning OK). Unhandled\r
608 exceptions are reported with exit status code 1 (see\r
609 __init__ for further details).\r
610\r
611 """\r
612 return None\r
613\r
614# Alias\r
615CommandLine = Application\r
616\r
617def _test():\r
618\r
619 class MyApplication(Application):\r
620 header = 'Test Application'\r
621 version = __version__\r
622 options = [Option('-v','verbose')]\r
623\r
624 def handle_v(self,arg):\r
625 print 'VERBOSE, Yeah !'\r
626\r
627 cmd = MyApplication()\r
628 if not cmd.values['-h']:\r
629 cmd.help()\r
630 print 'files:',cmd.files\r
631 print 'Bye...'\r
632\r
633if __name__ == '__main__':\r
634 _test()\r