Add documentation on bootloaders (systemd-boot)

[pve-docs.git] / pve-installation.adoc

Installing Proxmox VE
=====================
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:pve-toplevel:
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ifdef::wiki[]
:title: Installation
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{pve} is based on Debian, therefore the disk image (ISO file) provided
by us includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as
well as all necessary {pve} packages.

Using the installer will guide you through the setup, allowing
you to partition the local disk(s), apply basic system configurations
(e.g. timezone, language, network) and install all required packages.
Using the provided ISO will get you started in just a few minutes,
that's why we recommend this method for new and existing users.

Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian
system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since
detailed knowledge about {pve} is necessary.

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include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[]

endif::wiki[]


Using the {pve} Installer
-------------------------

You can download the ISO from {website}en/downloads.
It includes the following:

* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit)

* The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4,
  ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system.

* {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support

* Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and
  all necessary resources

* Web based management interface for using the toolset

NOTE: During the installation process, the complete server
is used by default and all existing data is removed.

Please insert the installation media (e.g. USB stick, CD-ROM) and boot
from it.

[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"]

After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu
will be displayed, you can now select one of the following options:

Install Proxmox VE::

Start normal installation.

TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the
installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT`
key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button.
For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button.

Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode)::

Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several
installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes
wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue
installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for
general use.

Rescue Boot::

This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches
all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation,
boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This
can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the
BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk.

Test Memory::

Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is
functional and error free.

[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"]

You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation.
After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The
`Options` button lets you select the target file system, which
defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`,
`ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to
restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>)

You can also use ZFS as file system. ZFS supports several software RAID
levels, so this is specially useful if you do not have a hardware RAID
controller. The `Options` button lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and
you can choose disks there. Additionally you can set additional options (see
<<advanced_zfs_options,below>>).

[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"]

The next page just asks for basic configuration options like your
location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to
select a download server near you to speed up updates. The installer is
usually able to auto detect those settings, so you only need to change
them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to
use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country.

[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"]

You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root)
password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly
recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines:

- Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters.

- Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols.

- Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words,
  letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names,
  romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g.,
  ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates).

It is sometimes necessary to send notifications to the system
administrator, for example:

- Information about available package updates.

- Error messages from periodic CRON jobs.

All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email
address.

[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"]

The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can
use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a
dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation.

[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"]

If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and
copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished,
then remove the installation media and restart your system.

Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just
point your browser to the IP address given during installation
(https://youripaddress:8006).

NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is
defined during the installation process.


[[advanced_lvm_options]]
Advanced LVM Configuration Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional
Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of
those volumes can be controlled with:

`hdsize`::

Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free
space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV
and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage).

`swapsize`::

Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the
installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot
be greater than `hdsize/8`.
+
NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created.

`maxroot`::

Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation
system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`.

`maxvz`::

Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data`
volume is:
+
`datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree`
+
Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`.
+
NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize`
is bigger than 4GB.
+
NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage
configuration will be adapted accordingly.

`minfree`::

Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`.
With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8`
will be used.
+
NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not
required for lvmthin snapshots).

[[advanced_zfs_options]]
Advanced ZFS Configuration Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The installer creates a ZFS pool `rpool`. When selecting ZFS, no swap space is
created by default. You can leave some unpartitioned space for swap or create
a swap zvol after installation, though the latter can lead to problems
(see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>).

`ashift`::

Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs
to be set at least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to
the power of `ashift` is the sector-size), or any disk,
which might be put in the pool (e.g. during replacing a defective disk).

`compress`::

Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`.

`checksum`::

Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`.

`copies`::

Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the
semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level.

`hdsize`::

Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free
space on the HD(s) for further partitioning (e.g. for creating a swap-partition).
`hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, i.e., only the first disk or
mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123].


ZFS Performance Tips
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you
want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB
RAW disk space.

ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The
write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after
installation using the following command:

 zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd>


ifdef::wiki[]

link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick]
---------------------------------------------------------

link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

endif::wiki[]

ifndef::wiki[]

include::pve-usbstick.adoc[]

Install {pve} on Debian
-----------------------

{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it
on top of a standard Debian installation.
xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories], you
need to run:

[source,bash]
----
apt-get update
apt-get install proxmox-ve
----

Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but
it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you
know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network
configuration is also completely up to you.

In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or
ZFS.

You can find a detailed step by step how-to guide on the
{webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki].


endif::wiki[]

ifdef::wiki[]

Video Tutorials
---------------

* List of all official tutorials on our
  http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel]

* Tutorials in Spanish language on
  http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es
  YouTube Play List]


See Also
--------

* link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements]

* link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories]

* link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration]

* link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration]

* link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks]

endif::wiki[]