* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit)
* The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, XFS,
- BTRFS (technology preview), or ZFS and installs the operating system.
+ BTRFS (technology preview), or ZFS and installs the operating system
* {pve} Linux kernel with KVM and LXC support
* Web-based management interface
-NOTE: All existing data on the for installation selected drives will be removed
-during the installation process. The installer does not add boot menu entries
-for other operating systems.
+NOTE: All existing data on the selected drives will be removed during the
+installation process. The installer does not add boot menu entries for other
+operating systems.
Please insert the xref:installation_prepare_media[prepared installation media]
(for example, USB flash drive or CD-ROM) and boot from it.
[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"]
-After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu will be
-displayed and one of the following options can be selected:
+After choosing the correct entry (for example, 'Boot from USB') the {pve} menu
+will be displayed, and one of the following options can be selected:
Install {pve} (Graphical)::
Install {pve} (Terminal UI)::
-Starts the console-mode installation wizard. It provides the same overall
+Starts the terminal-mode installation wizard. It provides the same overall
installation experience as the graphical installer, but has generally better
compatibility with very old and very new hardware.
+Install {pve} (Terminal UI, Serial Console)::
+
+Starts the terminal-mode installation wizard, additionally setting up the Linux
+kernel to use the (first) serial port of the machine for in- and output. This
+can be used if the machine is completely headless and only has a serial console
+available.
+
[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-tui-installer.png"]
Both modes use the same code base for the actual installation process to
benefit from more than a decade of bug fixes and ensure feature parity.
TIP: The 'Terminal UI' option can be used in case the graphical installer does
-not work correctly, due to e.g. driver issues.
+not work correctly, due to e.g. driver issues. See also
+xref:nomodeset_kernel_param[adding the `nomodeset` kernel parameter].
Advanced Options: Install {pve} (Graphical, Debug Mode)::
of errors. Secure Boot must be turned off in the UEFI firmware setup utility to
run this option.
+You normally select *Install {pve} (Graphical)* to start the installation.
+
[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"]
-After selecting *Install {pve}* and accepting the EULA, the prompt to select the
-target hard disk(s) will appear. The `Options` button opens the dialog to select
-the target file system.
+The first step is to read our EULA (End User License Agreement). Following this,
+you can select the target hard disk(s) for the installation.
+
+CAUTION: By default, the whole server is used and all existing data is removed.
+Make sure there is no important data on the server before proceeding with the
+installation.
-The default file system is `ext4`. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is used when
-`ext4` or `xfs` is selected. Additional options to restrict LVM space
-can also be set (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>).
+The `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which
+defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select
+`ext4` or `xfs` as a file system, and offers additional options to
+restrict LVM space (see xref:advanced_lvm_options[below]).
-{pve} can be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels, this
-is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The target
-disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific settings can
-be changed under `Advanced Options` (see <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>).
+{pve} can also be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels,
+this is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The
+target disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific
+settings can be changed under xref:advanced_zfs_options[`Advanced Options`].
WARNING: ZFS on top of any hardware RAID is not supported and can result in data
loss.
-[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"]
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png"]
-The next page asks for basic configuration options like the location, the time
-zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a download server
-close by to speed up updates. The installer usually auto-detects these settings.
-They only need to be changed in the rare case that auto detection fails or a
-different keyboard layout should be used.
+The next page asks for basic configuration options like your location, time
+zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a nearby download
+server, in order to increase the speed of updates. The installer is usually able
+to auto-detect these settings, so you only need to change them in rare
+situations when auto-detection fails, or when you want to use a keyboard layout
+not commonly used in your country.
-[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"]
+[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png", float="left"]
-Next the password of the superuser (root) and an email address needs to be
+Next the password of the superuser (`root`) and an email address needs to be
specified. The password must consist of at least 5 characters. It's highly
recommended to use a stronger password. Some guidelines are:
-- Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters.
+- Use a minimum password length of at least 12 characters.
- Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols.
- Information about available package updates.
-- Error messages from periodic CRON jobs.
+- Error messages from periodic 'cron' jobs.
[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"]
-The last step is the network configuration. Network interfaces that are UP show
-a filled circle in front of their name in the drop down menu. Please note that
-during installation you can either use an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not both. To
-configure a dual stack node, add additional IP addresses after the installation.
+All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email address.
+
+The last step is the network configuration. Network interfaces that are 'UP'
+show a filled circle in front of their name in the drop down menu. Please note
+that during installation you can either specify an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not
+both. To configure a dual stack node, add additional IP addresses after the
+installation.
[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"]
-The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Re-check every
-setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be changed. To
-accept, press `Install`. The installation starts to format disks and copies
-packages to the target. Please wait until this step has finished; then remove
-the installation medium and restart your system.
+The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Please
+re-check every setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be
+changed.
+
+After clicking `Install`, the installer will begin to format the disks and copy
+packages to the target disk(s). Please wait until this step has finished; then
+remove the installation medium and restart your system.
[thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"]
+Copying the packages usually takes several minutes, mostly depending on the
+speed of the installation medium and the target disk performance.
+
+When copying and setting up the packages has finished, you can reboot the
+server. This will be done automatically after a few seconds by default.
+
+.Installation Failure
+
If the installation failed, check out specific errors on the second TTY
-(`CTRL + ALT + F2') and ensure that the systems meets the
-xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation
-is still not working, look at the xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter].
+('CTRL + ALT + F2') and ensure that the systems meets the
+xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements].
+
+If the installation is still not working, look at the
+xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter].
+
+
+Accessing the Management Interface Post-Installation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+[thumbnail="screenshot/gui-login-window.png"]
-Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Point your browser
-to the IP address given during installation (https://youripaddress:8006).
+After a succesful installation and reboot of the system you can use the {pve}
+web interface for further configuration.
-NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password was defined
-during the installation process.
+. Point your browser to the IP address given during the installation and port
+ 8006, for example: https://youripaddress:8006
+
+. Log in using the `root` (realm 'PAM') username and the password chosen during
+ installation.
+
+. Upload your subscription key to gain access to the Enterprise repository.
+ Otherwise, you will need to set up one of the public, less tested package
+ repositories to get updates for security fixes, bug fixes, and new features.
+
+. Check the IP configuration and hostname.
+
+. Check the timezone.
+
+. Check your xref:chapter_pve_firewall[Firewall settings].
[[advanced_lvm_options]]
Advanced LVM Configuration Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical
-Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`. To control the size of these
-volumes use:
+Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`, if `ext4` or `xfs` is used. To
+control the size of these volumes use:
`hdsize`::
`minfree`::
-Defines the amount of free space left in the LVM volume group `pve`. With more
-than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` will be used.
+Defines the amount of free space that should be left in the LVM volume group
+`pve`. With more than 128GB storage available, the default is 16GB, otherwise
+`hdsize/8` will be used.
+
NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for
lvmthin snapshots).
[[advanced_zfs_options]]
Advanced ZFS Configuration Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`. No swap space is created but you can
-reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for swap. You can also
-create a swap zvol after the installation, although this can lead to problems.
-(see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>).
+The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`, if ZFS is used. No swap space is
+created but you can reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for
+swap. You can also create a swap zvol after the installation, although this can
+lead to problems (see xref:zfs_swap[ZFS swap notes]).
`ashift`::
Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the
semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level.
+`ARC max size`::
+
+Defines the maximum size the ARC can grow to and thus limits the amount of
+memory ZFS will use. See also the section on
+xref:sysadmin_zfs_limit_memory_usage[how to limit ZFS memory usage] for more
+details.
+
`hdsize`::
Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This is useful to save free space
# zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd>
----
+[[nomodeset_kernel_param]]
Adding the `nomodeset` Kernel Parameter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Problems may arise on very old or very new hardware due to graphics drivers. If
-the installation hangs during the boot. In that case, you can try adding the
-`nomodeset` parameter. This prevents the Linux kernel from loading any
-graphics drivers and forces it to continue using the BIOS/UEFI-provided
-framebuffer.
+the installation hangs during boot, you can try adding the `nomodeset`
+parameter. This prevents the Linux kernel from loading any graphics drivers and
+forces it to continue using the BIOS/UEFI-provided framebuffer.
On the {pve} bootloader menu, navigate to 'Install {pve} (Terminal UI)' and
press `e` to edit the entry. Using the arrow keys, navigate to the line starting
Then press `Ctrl-X` or `F10` to boot the configuration.
+[[installation_unattended]]
+Unattended Installation
+-----------------------
+
+It is possible to install {pve} automatically in an unattended manner. This
+enables you to fully automate the setup process on bare-metal. Once the
+installation is complete and the host has booted up, automation tools like
+Ansible can be used to further configure the installation.
+
+The necessary options for the installer must be provided in an answer file. This
+file allows the use of filter rules to determine which disks and network cards
+should be used.
+
+To use the automated installation, it is first necessary to prepare an
+installation ISO.
+https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Automated_Installation[Visit our wiki] for more
+details and information on the unattended installation.
+
ifndef::wiki[]
Install {pve} on Debian
* link:/wiki/Prepare_Installation_Media[Prepare Installation Media]
-* link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Buster]
+* link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_12_Bookworm[Install Proxmox VE on Debian 12 Bookworm]
* link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements]
projects / pve-docs.git / blobdiff